{"title":"Oral health alterations: Glimpse into its connection to inflammatory rheumatic diseases","authors":"Rahnuma Ahmad, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_11_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_11_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43440916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Recently, child-friendly non-invasive or minimally invasive approach with the primary goal of preserving tooth structure, the best possible has gained momentum in management of caries disease as compared to conventional invasive surgical approach. The clinical relevance of antimicrobial and remineralising benefits of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) along with atraumatic restorative treatment in managing non-cavitated lesions is yet to be established. This research was conducted with the aim to compare the efficacy of novel silver modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) sealants to the gold standard resin-based sealants in managing occlusal enamel caries. Methodology: A total of 66 children with at least one pair of fully erupted contralateral first permanent molars with ICDAS II codes 1 and 2 were randomly allocated for this split-mouth study into two groups: Group - SMART sealant and Group – resin-based sealant. The sealants were applied according to the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry guidelines and were evaluated at the end of 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. The clinical performance of sealants was gauged based on their retention and caries preventive effect. The data were statistically analysed using the Chi-square test at significance level P < 0.05 using SPSS, IBM version 23.0. Results: At 12 months' follow-up, 60.65% teeth in the resin group and 49.18% in SMART group had fully retentive sealants (P = 0.02). The caries occurrence at the end of the study was 8.19% in SMART as compared to 21.31% in resin sealant group and was statistically significant (P = 0.041). Conclusion: The resin-based sealants were more retentive as compared to SMART; however, the SMART sealants were superior in preventing caries. The use of SDF beneath GIC in atraumatic restorative sealants can provide protective effect against caries occurrence in the absence of sealant retention.
{"title":"Non-invasive management of initial occlusal enamel caries using silver modified atraumatic restorative technique and resin-based sealants: A randomised comparative split-mouth clinical trial","authors":"Megha Patel, Rohan Bhatt, Chhaya Patel, Kaushal Joshi, Foram Patel, Disha Makwani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_196_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_196_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Recently, child-friendly non-invasive or minimally invasive approach with the primary goal of preserving tooth structure, the best possible has gained momentum in management of caries disease as compared to conventional invasive surgical approach. The clinical relevance of antimicrobial and remineralising benefits of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) along with atraumatic restorative treatment in managing non-cavitated lesions is yet to be established. This research was conducted with the aim to compare the efficacy of novel silver modified atraumatic restorative technique (SMART) sealants to the gold standard resin-based sealants in managing occlusal enamel caries. Methodology: A total of 66 children with at least one pair of fully erupted contralateral first permanent molars with ICDAS II codes 1 and 2 were randomly allocated for this split-mouth study into two groups: Group - SMART sealant and Group – resin-based sealant. The sealants were applied according to the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry guidelines and were evaluated at the end of 3rd, 6th, and 12th months. The clinical performance of sealants was gauged based on their retention and caries preventive effect. The data were statistically analysed using the Chi-square test at significance level P < 0.05 using SPSS, IBM version 23.0. Results: At 12 months' follow-up, 60.65% teeth in the resin group and 49.18% in SMART group had fully retentive sealants (P = 0.02). The caries occurrence at the end of the study was 8.19% in SMART as compared to 21.31% in resin sealant group and was statistically significant (P = 0.041). Conclusion: The resin-based sealants were more retentive as compared to SMART; however, the SMART sealants were superior in preventing caries. The use of SDF beneath GIC in atraumatic restorative sealants can provide protective effect against caries occurrence in the absence of sealant retention.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48966155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_110_22
Prasad Nadig, Hardi Gandhi, Monali Shah
Introduction: Optimum patient compliance is required for periodontal-health maintenance during orthodontic treatment. The study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices regarding periodontal awareness among orthodontic patients of different treatment duration that may affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were grouped under three categories based on the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment, with each group of 60 participants. (Group A - <6 months duration, Group B - 6–12 months duration and Group C - >12 months duration). A questionnaire (total of 34 questions) was provided to each to assess the periodontal-health knowledge and awareness among subjects with an orthodontic appliance. Results: 86.5% of participants were well aware of their periodontal health. 93.9% of participants believed that it is important to follow OHI given by the clinician. 91.9% of participants affirmed that regular dental visits enhance periodontal health. 88.8% of participants believed that it is important to brush more after wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. 89.3% of patients feel needed to visit regularly for follow-up after wearing orthodontic appliances. Only 40.6% of participants were aware of the indication for bleeding gums. 34% of subjects did not know about the prevention of gum disease, and very few believed that it could be prevented by regular brushing and flossing. Conclusion: Results suggested that awareness and attitude regarding oral health are moderate. Hence, it is necessary to increase awareness about knowledge, attitude and practice about periodontal health and hygiene to combat the adverse consequences during orthodontic treatment.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding periodontal awareness among orthodontic patients","authors":"Prasad Nadig, Hardi Gandhi, Monali Shah","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_110_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_110_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Optimum patient compliance is required for periodontal-health maintenance during orthodontic treatment. The study aims to evaluate knowledge, attitude and practices regarding periodontal awareness among orthodontic patients of different treatment duration that may affect the outcome of orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were grouped under three categories based on the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment, with each group of 60 participants. (Group A - <6 months duration, Group B - 6–12 months duration and Group C - >12 months duration). A questionnaire (total of 34 questions) was provided to each to assess the periodontal-health knowledge and awareness among subjects with an orthodontic appliance. Results: 86.5% of participants were well aware of their periodontal health. 93.9% of participants believed that it is important to follow OHI given by the clinician. 91.9% of participants affirmed that regular dental visits enhance periodontal health. 88.8% of participants believed that it is important to brush more after wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. 89.3% of patients feel needed to visit regularly for follow-up after wearing orthodontic appliances. Only 40.6% of participants were aware of the indication for bleeding gums. 34% of subjects did not know about the prevention of gum disease, and very few believed that it could be prevented by regular brushing and flossing. Conclusion: Results suggested that awareness and attitude regarding oral health are moderate. Hence, it is necessary to increase awareness about knowledge, attitude and practice about periodontal health and hygiene to combat the adverse consequences during orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22
Bhagyashree H Dave, S. Mehta, Shreyansh P. Sutaria, P. Sutariya
Introduction: Correcting tooth size discrepancies are essential in achieving good dental and facial aesthetic in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Hence, dental biometrics will be the most important key for an aesthetic restoration. This study aimed to analyse the width, length and width/length ratio related to the clinical crown of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines in adult Gujarati individuals. This study also aimed to check whether a correlation exists between the optimal tooth dimension guidelines for planning aesthetic restorations and natural tooth dimensions. Materials and Methods: Type III dental plaster casts were made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of 68 healthy adult participants. These casts were used to measure maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines' maximum mesiodistal width and crown-root length with a digital vernier calliper (0.01 mm). The width/length ratio for each and every tooth was calculated. Results: The sample used in the study was 61.76% female and 38.24% male, with an age range of 18–30 years. 8.53 mm was the mean width value for the central incisors, lateral incisors 6.88 mm and canines 7.64 mm. The mean length was 9.80 mm for the central incisors, 8.25 mm for the lateral incisors and 9.29 mm for the canines. The average width/length ratio was 87% for the central incisors and 84% for the laterals and 83% for canines. Conclusion: The data received from the population studied are similar to previous research studies having similar methodology. However, great discrepancies in the absolute values were found when compared with other studies related to ideal tooth dimension guidelines on the aesthetic perception of dentists and personal preferences. The perception of what is considered natural seems to differ from what is considered aesthetically perfect.
{"title":"Analysis of width/length ratio in maxillary anterior teeth among Gujarati young individuals: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Bhagyashree H Dave, S. Mehta, Shreyansh P. Sutaria, P. Sutariya","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Correcting tooth size discrepancies are essential in achieving good dental and facial aesthetic in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Hence, dental biometrics will be the most important key for an aesthetic restoration. This study aimed to analyse the width, length and width/length ratio related to the clinical crown of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines in adult Gujarati individuals. This study also aimed to check whether a correlation exists between the optimal tooth dimension guidelines for planning aesthetic restorations and natural tooth dimensions. Materials and Methods: Type III dental plaster casts were made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of 68 healthy adult participants. These casts were used to measure maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines' maximum mesiodistal width and crown-root length with a digital vernier calliper (0.01 mm). The width/length ratio for each and every tooth was calculated. Results: The sample used in the study was 61.76% female and 38.24% male, with an age range of 18–30 years. 8.53 mm was the mean width value for the central incisors, lateral incisors 6.88 mm and canines 7.64 mm. The mean length was 9.80 mm for the central incisors, 8.25 mm for the lateral incisors and 9.29 mm for the canines. The average width/length ratio was 87% for the central incisors and 84% for the laterals and 83% for canines. Conclusion: The data received from the population studied are similar to previous research studies having similar methodology. However, great discrepancies in the absolute values were found when compared with other studies related to ideal tooth dimension guidelines on the aesthetic perception of dentists and personal preferences. The perception of what is considered natural seems to differ from what is considered aesthetically perfect.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22
K. Sudarshan, Subhashis Das, A. Hemalatha, K. Raju
Introduction: Laboratory results play an essential role in both medical decision-making and inpatient management. In many clinical scenarios, laboratory test results are essential to make the right diagnosis or choosing the suitable treatment regimen. The aims and objectives were to study 13 National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)-specific common quality indicators (QIs) in the haematology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: NABL accredited a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study done in the haematology laboratory of NABH-recognised tertiary care teaching hospital over 5 years from January 2017 to April 2022 with a sample size of 1586,096. Quality parameters studied include sample rejection rates, sample redo rates, routine turnaround time (TAT), critical reports and their TAT, corrected reports, staining quality etc. The QI rates were calculated on a monthly basis, and trends were analysed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common error was clotted sample 634 (0.04%), followed by rejection due to the misidentification of sample 128 (0.008%). Several monthly critical alerts showed an upward trend (P = 0.045) which could be attributed to increased awareness amongst laboratory staff. Redo rates showed no significant change in trend over the study period. Conclusion: Updating the knowledge on laboratory services, adequate training of the staff and sensitisation about the importance of the QIs in all three phases will help minimise errors.
{"title":"Quality audit of haematology laboratory: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"K. Sudarshan, Subhashis Das, A. Hemalatha, K. Raju","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Laboratory results play an essential role in both medical decision-making and inpatient management. In many clinical scenarios, laboratory test results are essential to make the right diagnosis or choosing the suitable treatment regimen. The aims and objectives were to study 13 National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)-specific common quality indicators (QIs) in the haematology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: NABL accredited a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study done in the haematology laboratory of NABH-recognised tertiary care teaching hospital over 5 years from January 2017 to April 2022 with a sample size of 1586,096. Quality parameters studied include sample rejection rates, sample redo rates, routine turnaround time (TAT), critical reports and their TAT, corrected reports, staining quality etc. The QI rates were calculated on a monthly basis, and trends were analysed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common error was clotted sample 634 (0.04%), followed by rejection due to the misidentification of sample 128 (0.008%). Several monthly critical alerts showed an upward trend (P = 0.045) which could be attributed to increased awareness amongst laboratory staff. Redo rates showed no significant change in trend over the study period. Conclusion: Updating the knowledge on laboratory services, adequate training of the staff and sensitisation about the importance of the QIs in all three phases will help minimise errors.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22
Nancy Joshi, B. Dave, Viral Thakker, A. Dave, Mahendrakumar Katariya, Kandarp Raj
Introduction: This study aimed to clinically and radiographically compare the regenerative effects of open flap debridement alone and in combination with concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the treatment of periodontal three-walled infrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected from the outpatient department of periodontology. A split-mouth study was conducted and bilateral or contralateral defects were divided into two groups using computer-generated randomisation sheets-control site (open flap debridement alone) and case site (open flap debridement with CGF). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters as compared to the control group. At 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed improved bone fill as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Present study indicates that CGF, as a biological material has the property to enhance wound healing and result in mean pocket depth reduction of periodontal infrabony defects. In addition, long-term, multicentered randomised, controlled clinical researches will be required to better understand the clinical and radiographic effects of CGF on periodontal regeneration.
{"title":"Comparison of clinical parameters between the treatment of infrabony defects with and without concentrated growth factors in open flap debridement: In vivo study","authors":"Nancy Joshi, B. Dave, Viral Thakker, A. Dave, Mahendrakumar Katariya, Kandarp Raj","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to clinically and radiographically compare the regenerative effects of open flap debridement alone and in combination with concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the treatment of periodontal three-walled infrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected from the outpatient department of periodontology. A split-mouth study was conducted and bilateral or contralateral defects were divided into two groups using computer-generated randomisation sheets-control site (open flap debridement alone) and case site (open flap debridement with CGF). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters as compared to the control group. At 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed improved bone fill as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Present study indicates that CGF, as a biological material has the property to enhance wound healing and result in mean pocket depth reduction of periodontal infrabony defects. In addition, long-term, multicentered randomised, controlled clinical researches will be required to better understand the clinical and radiographic effects of CGF on periodontal regeneration.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45788687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22
Namrata Dagli, Rushabh J Dagli, L. Thangavelu
Fifth-generation mobile technology is supposed to revolutionise the world. It has many features which can benefit humankind, but at the same time, it will expose us to much radiation. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and ill effects of 5 G technology. An online literature search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases from April 2021 to May 2021, using the Boolean operators OR, AND and NOT and the keywords '5G Network', 'Human tissues', and 'Animal tissues'. The literature is very scarce in studies on the effects of millimetre waves on various tissues. A total of 1269 studies were identified, and 24 were selected for qualitative evidence synthesis. Randomised control trials, laboratory studies, in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies and ex-vivo studies were included. Data from the studies were collected using the data extraction form, and all the relevant information was summarized. Five of 24 studies were done on animals, four on humans, five on models, and ten on various cells. Ten of 24 studies demonstrated the harmful effects of millimetre waves. Results are ambivalent, and no association is found between particular frequency and impact on tissue, animals or humans. Pathophysiological effects observed in most studies were mild, reversible, and limited to the cellular level. Available evidence reported temperature rise after millimetre wave exposure, which was within safety limits. Any biological impact on a cellular level noticed due to radiation's thermal effects were insignificant and did not affect the organ level. However, only a few studies have mentioned non-thermal impact, but those effects should not be overlooked. Clinical trials on a large population and for a longer duration are required to establish the safety of millimetre waves before deploying a 5G network worldwide.
{"title":"Interaction of millimetre waves used in 5G network with cells and tissues of head-and-neck region: A literature review","authors":"Namrata Dagli, Rushabh J Dagli, L. Thangavelu","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth-generation mobile technology is supposed to revolutionise the world. It has many features which can benefit humankind, but at the same time, it will expose us to much radiation. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and ill effects of 5 G technology. An online literature search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases from April 2021 to May 2021, using the Boolean operators OR, AND and NOT and the keywords '5G Network', 'Human tissues', and 'Animal tissues'. The literature is very scarce in studies on the effects of millimetre waves on various tissues. A total of 1269 studies were identified, and 24 were selected for qualitative evidence synthesis. Randomised control trials, laboratory studies, in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies and ex-vivo studies were included. Data from the studies were collected using the data extraction form, and all the relevant information was summarized. Five of 24 studies were done on animals, four on humans, five on models, and ten on various cells. Ten of 24 studies demonstrated the harmful effects of millimetre waves. Results are ambivalent, and no association is found between particular frequency and impact on tissue, animals or humans. Pathophysiological effects observed in most studies were mild, reversible, and limited to the cellular level. Available evidence reported temperature rise after millimetre wave exposure, which was within safety limits. Any biological impact on a cellular level noticed due to radiation's thermal effects were insignificant and did not affect the organ level. However, only a few studies have mentioned non-thermal impact, but those effects should not be overlooked. Clinical trials on a large population and for a longer duration are required to establish the safety of millimetre waves before deploying a 5G network worldwide.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22
Pragati Sisodia, H. Khan, N. Shukla, Richa Rathoria, Ekansh Rathoria, Utkarsh Bansal, Ram Shukla
Introduction: The admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful predicament for parents. This study aims to evaluate parental stress levels and the factors impacting them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary care centre for 3 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics of parents, neonates and Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) to measure parental stress. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Results: P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the parents reported medium stress levels (3–3.9). The mean total parental stress score of parents was 3.31 (0.36). Amongst the PSS: NICU subscales, the NICU sight and sound caused maximum stress to the parents (mean = 3.35 [0.48]) followed by the relationship with the baby and parental role (mean = 3.34 [0.44]). Mothers felt more stressed as compared to fathers (mean = 3.60 [0.23] vs. 3.08 [0.28]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher parental stress levels were seen in lower age group (18–25 years), less than high school education, unemployed and previous history of neonatal death, outborn deliveries, pre-term (gestational age <37 weeks), birth weight <1500 g, longer duration of respiratory support (>3 days), intubated with ventilatory support, not started on feeds and not given kangaroo mother care. Parents of NICU-admitted neonates are under significant stress, and there is a necessity to provide family-centred care.
{"title":"Estimation of stress amongst the parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"Pragati Sisodia, H. Khan, N. Shukla, Richa Rathoria, Ekansh Rathoria, Utkarsh Bansal, Ram Shukla","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful predicament for parents. This study aims to evaluate parental stress levels and the factors impacting them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary care centre for 3 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics of parents, neonates and Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) to measure parental stress. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Results: P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the parents reported medium stress levels (3–3.9). The mean total parental stress score of parents was 3.31 (0.36). Amongst the PSS: NICU subscales, the NICU sight and sound caused maximum stress to the parents (mean = 3.35 [0.48]) followed by the relationship with the baby and parental role (mean = 3.34 [0.44]). Mothers felt more stressed as compared to fathers (mean = 3.60 [0.23] vs. 3.08 [0.28]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher parental stress levels were seen in lower age group (18–25 years), less than high school education, unemployed and previous history of neonatal death, outborn deliveries, pre-term (gestational age <37 weeks), birth weight <1500 g, longer duration of respiratory support (>3 days), intubated with ventilatory support, not started on feeds and not given kangaroo mother care. Parents of NICU-admitted neonates are under significant stress, and there is a necessity to provide family-centred care.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43868070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foram Patel, Megha Patel, Rohan Bhatt, Kaushal Joshi
Introduction: Multiple systems are available for chemo-mechanical preparation during pulpectomy, but an evolution of the exclusive paediatric rotary single file system has opened new doors in paediatric endodontics. The aim was primarily to compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time and secondarily to report pain perception between manual files and rotary file systems in deciduous molars. Materials and Methods: Pulpectomy was performed in 60 carious mandibular primary molars indicated for pulpectomy in children aged 4–8 years after considering the selection criteria. These teeth were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each, wherein canals were prepared using Hand K files in Group 1, HeroShaper Rotary File System in Group 2 and Kedo S Square single paediatric rotary file in Group 3. The quality of obturation was assessed using intraoral radiographs, and instrumentation time was recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Pain during instrumentation was assessed using Wong Baker's FACES Pain Scale. Collected data were subjected to analysis using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Mean instrumentation time was least for the Kedo-S Square file system (57.47 ± 9.26), followed by the HeroShaper group (99.6 ± 23.62), and maximum time was recorded for Hand files (255.99 ± 46.20), and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00), whereas there was no significant difference regarding the quality of obturation and pain perception between the three groups. Conclusion: As the Kedo S Square system showed the fastest canal preparation, it can be recommended for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth because the length of appointment is directly proportional to the behaviour of the child.
引言：牙髓切除术期间有多种系统可用于化学机械制备，但独家儿科旋转单文件系统的发展为儿科牙髓病学打开了新的大门。目的主要是比较闭孔质量和器械时间，其次报告乳牙手动锉和旋转锉系统之间的疼痛感知。材料和方法：在考虑选择标准后，对60颗适合4-8岁儿童牙髓切除术的下颌龋性第一磨牙进行了牙髓切除术。将这些牙齿随机分为三组，每组20颗，其中使用第1组中的Hand K锉、第2组中的HeroShaper旋转锉系统和第3组中的Kedo S Square单儿科旋转锉制备牙管。使用口腔内射线照片评估充填质量，并使用秒表记录仪器时间（以秒为单位）。使用Wong Baker的FACES疼痛量表评估器械过程中的疼痛。使用卡方检验、单因素方差分析和诚实显著性差异事后检验对收集的数据进行分析。结果：Kedo-S Square文件系统的平均器械时间最少（57.47±9.26），其次是HeroShaper组（99.6±23.62），Hand文件记录的最长器械时间为（255.99±46.20），这一差异具有统计学意义（P=0.00），而三组之间在闭孔质量和疼痛感知方面没有显著差异。结论：由于Kedo S Square系统显示出最快的牙髓管预备，因此可以推荐用于乳牙的牙髓切除术，因为预约时间与儿童的行为直接成正比。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using different file systems in deciduous molars: A randomised clinical trial","authors":"Foram Patel, Megha Patel, Rohan Bhatt, Kaushal Joshi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_22_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_22_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple systems are available for chemo-mechanical preparation during pulpectomy, but an evolution of the exclusive paediatric rotary single file system has opened new doors in paediatric endodontics. The aim was primarily to compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time and secondarily to report pain perception between manual files and rotary file systems in deciduous molars. Materials and Methods: Pulpectomy was performed in 60 carious mandibular primary molars indicated for pulpectomy in children aged 4–8 years after considering the selection criteria. These teeth were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each, wherein canals were prepared using Hand K files in Group 1, HeroShaper Rotary File System in Group 2 and Kedo S Square single paediatric rotary file in Group 3. The quality of obturation was assessed using intraoral radiographs, and instrumentation time was recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Pain during instrumentation was assessed using Wong Baker's FACES Pain Scale. Collected data were subjected to analysis using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Mean instrumentation time was least for the Kedo-S Square file system (57.47 ± 9.26), followed by the HeroShaper group (99.6 ± 23.62), and maximum time was recorded for Hand files (255.99 ± 46.20), and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00), whereas there was no significant difference regarding the quality of obturation and pain perception between the three groups. Conclusion: As the Kedo S Square system showed the fastest canal preparation, it can be recommended for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth because the length of appointment is directly proportional to the behaviour of the child.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. Lateef Junaid, W. Sami, Hamad Aldhafiri, Jehad Alabdulmonyem, Abdulkarim Alenazi, A. Kaseb
Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all prospective of life have been affected by the situation. As a result of which, many universities adopted the online way of teaching instead of the traditional classroom teaching or by blending both together. This study was carried out with the objective to assess the perception of teachers and students regarding classes taken online versus those taken in the classroom. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students and faculty members of the medical college at Majmaah University, KSA, from October 2020 to April 2021. Results: The study found that the majority of teachers have disagreed (91%) that online classes were more effective than classroom mode, and regarding the overall perception of teachers for classes taken online and in the classroom, 62% of teachers agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, whereas 38% disagreed; 61% of students agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, and 39% disagreed. Conclusion: Educational institutions should be ready to handle pandemic-like situations without disrupting educational activities and to achieve this, appropriate training of the faculty members and students should be carried out to make online teaching effective and also to minimise any associated disturbing factors.
{"title":"Impact of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students and faculty members: A cross-sectional study from Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. L. Lateef Junaid, W. Sami, Hamad Aldhafiri, Jehad Alabdulmonyem, Abdulkarim Alenazi, A. Kaseb","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_49_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_49_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all prospective of life have been affected by the situation. As a result of which, many universities adopted the online way of teaching instead of the traditional classroom teaching or by blending both together. This study was carried out with the objective to assess the perception of teachers and students regarding classes taken online versus those taken in the classroom. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students and faculty members of the medical college at Majmaah University, KSA, from October 2020 to April 2021. Results: The study found that the majority of teachers have disagreed (91%) that online classes were more effective than classroom mode, and regarding the overall perception of teachers for classes taken online and in the classroom, 62% of teachers agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, whereas 38% disagreed; 61% of students agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, and 39% disagreed. Conclusion: Educational institutions should be ready to handle pandemic-like situations without disrupting educational activities and to achieve this, appropriate training of the faculty members and students should be carried out to make online teaching effective and also to minimise any associated disturbing factors.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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