Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar
Introduction: Studies in the pharma industry have shown herbal plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antibacterial efficacy. These medicinal plants are also used in manufacturing modern medicines. This study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal extracts such as Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with the sodium hypochlorite alone and that with ultrasonic irrigation – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A firsthand study was conducted to find the bacterial inhibition of E. faecalis of herbal extracts. For this purpose, 30 samples were extracted and suspended with E. faecalis for each of the seven groups. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups: A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia . It was formed to determine the alternative against the two other groups, sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite, with ultrasonic irrigation. The readings (zone of inhibition) obtained from the agar well diffusion method were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software (19.0), wherein analysis of variance was used. The P value was set at 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that A. indica was highly efficient amongst the herbal groups studied against E. faecalis . It was better than other extracts and comparable to sodium hypochlorite alone and with ultrasonic irrigation. The average zone of inhibition for the stated herbal ingredient was better than the commercially used chemical ones. However, there was no statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between all the groups studied. The null hypothesis was hence not rejected. Conclusions: The five strong herbal irrigants such as A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia were found to be the better alternatives against sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonic irrigation. The experiment conducted proved positive with mean results.
{"title":"Laboratory Assessment of Antibacterial Efficacy of Five Different Herbal-based Potential Endodontic Irrigants","authors":"Anjali A Oak, Kailash Attur, Kamal Bagda, Nitish Mathur, Lubna Mohammad, Nikhat M Attar","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Studies in the pharma industry have shown herbal plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antibacterial efficacy. These medicinal plants are also used in manufacturing modern medicines. This study is to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of various herbal extracts such as Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and Morinda citrifolia as an endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis and compare with the sodium hypochlorite alone and that with ultrasonic irrigation – an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: A firsthand study was conducted to find the bacterial inhibition of E. faecalis of herbal extracts. For this purpose, 30 samples were extracted and suspended with E. faecalis for each of the seven groups. The irrigating groups were divided into five herbal groups: A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia . It was formed to determine the alternative against the two other groups, sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite, with ultrasonic irrigation. The readings (zone of inhibition) obtained from the agar well diffusion method were subjected to the statistical analysis using the SPSS software (19.0), wherein analysis of variance was used. The P value was set at 0.05. Results: The study demonstrated that A. indica was highly efficient amongst the herbal groups studied against E. faecalis . It was better than other extracts and comparable to sodium hypochlorite alone and with ultrasonic irrigation. The average zone of inhibition for the stated herbal ingredient was better than the commercially used chemical ones. However, there was no statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) between all the groups studied. The null hypothesis was hence not rejected. Conclusions: The five strong herbal irrigants such as A. indica , O. tenuiflorum , turmeric, Aloe vera and M. citrifolia were found to be the better alternatives against sodium hypochlorite alone and sodium hypochlorite with ultrasonic irrigation. The experiment conducted proved positive with mean results.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_160_22
Yasaman Ansari, M. Asadi, I. Far, Nahid Pashaie, Nafiseh Noroozi, M. Amoli
Introduction: Obesity is primarily caused by the dysfunction of the energy homeostasis system. Numerous studies have reported an association between obesity and the rs17782313 variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene. In addition, the PKHD1 gene regulates the expression of fibrocystin. This gene is primarily expressed in the kidney and plays a role in fat and glucose metabolism. However, the interaction between PKHD1 polymorphisms and birth weight has not yet been investigated. This study showed the association between the rs17782313 variant near the MRC4 gene and rs2784243 in the PKHD1 gene amongst Iranian cases with obesity before maturity. Methods: One hundred and eleven Iranian patients and 100 healthy individuals aged 5 years and over were selected from the Tehran Moheb-e-Yas Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods were used for genotyping the genetic variants. A Chi-square test was applied to determine the association between rs17782313 and food intake and rs2784243 and birth weight. Results: The rs17782313 variant was associated with high food intake (P = 0.04), while the rs2784243 variant was associated with increased birth weight (P = 004). Conclusion: The MC4R rs17782313 and PKHD1 rs2784243 variants may contribute to food intake and early obesity. Moreover, a novel association was suggested between PKHD1 rs2784243 and birth weight.
{"title":"Association study of Melanocortin-4 Receptor (rs17782313) and PKHD1 (rs2784243) variations and early incidence of obesity at the age of maturity","authors":"Yasaman Ansari, M. Asadi, I. Far, Nahid Pashaie, Nafiseh Noroozi, M. Amoli","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_160_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_160_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is primarily caused by the dysfunction of the energy homeostasis system. Numerous studies have reported an association between obesity and the rs17782313 variant near the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene. In addition, the PKHD1 gene regulates the expression of fibrocystin. This gene is primarily expressed in the kidney and plays a role in fat and glucose metabolism. However, the interaction between PKHD1 polymorphisms and birth weight has not yet been investigated. This study showed the association between the rs17782313 variant near the MRC4 gene and rs2784243 in the PKHD1 gene amongst Iranian cases with obesity before maturity. Methods: One hundred and eleven Iranian patients and 100 healthy individuals aged 5 years and over were selected from the Tehran Moheb-e-Yas Hospital. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods were used for genotyping the genetic variants. A Chi-square test was applied to determine the association between rs17782313 and food intake and rs2784243 and birth weight. Results: The rs17782313 variant was associated with high food intake (P = 0.04), while the rs2784243 variant was associated with increased birth weight (P = 004). Conclusion: The MC4R rs17782313 and PKHD1 rs2784243 variants may contribute to food intake and early obesity. Moreover, a novel association was suggested between PKHD1 rs2784243 and birth weight.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"144 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nandini, S. Basha, Aarchi Agarawal, R. Neelampari, KrishnaP Miyapuram, R. Nileshwariba
Introduction: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is associated with high interobserver and intraobserver disagreement. With the exponential increase in the applicability of artificial intelligence tools such as deep learning (DL) in pathology, it would now be possible to achieve high accuracy and objectivity in grading of OED. In this research work, we have proposed a DL approach to epithelial dysplasia grading by creating a convolutional neural network (CNN) model from scratch. Materials and Methods: The dataset includes 445 high-resolution ×400 photomicrographs captured from histopathologically diagnosed cases of high-risk dysplasia (HR) and normal buccal mucosa (NBM) that were used to train, validate and test the two-dimensional CNN (2DCNN) model. Results: The whole dataset was divided into 60% training set, 20% validation set and 20% test set. The model achieved training accuracy of 97.21%, validation accuracy of 90% and test accuracy of 91.30%. Conclusion: The DL model was able to distinguish between normal epithelium and HR epithelial dysplasia with high grades of accuracy. These results are encouraging for researchers to formulate DL models to grade and classify OED using various grading systems.
{"title":"Deep learning approach to detect high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia: A step towards computer-assisted dysplasia grading","authors":"C. Nandini, S. Basha, Aarchi Agarawal, R. Neelampari, KrishnaP Miyapuram, R. Nileshwariba","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_30_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is associated with high interobserver and intraobserver disagreement. With the exponential increase in the applicability of artificial intelligence tools such as deep learning (DL) in pathology, it would now be possible to achieve high accuracy and objectivity in grading of OED. In this research work, we have proposed a DL approach to epithelial dysplasia grading by creating a convolutional neural network (CNN) model from scratch. Materials and Methods: The dataset includes 445 high-resolution ×400 photomicrographs captured from histopathologically diagnosed cases of high-risk dysplasia (HR) and normal buccal mucosa (NBM) that were used to train, validate and test the two-dimensional CNN (2DCNN) model. Results: The whole dataset was divided into 60% training set, 20% validation set and 20% test set. The model achieved training accuracy of 97.21%, validation accuracy of 90% and test accuracy of 91.30%. Conclusion: The DL model was able to distinguish between normal epithelium and HR epithelial dysplasia with high grades of accuracy. These results are encouraging for researchers to formulate DL models to grade and classify OED using various grading systems.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"57 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47732963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_139_22
D. Amadi, C. Ndukwe, C. Obiorah, C. Ukah
Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer-related deaths among Nigerian men, and the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis is critical for optimal patient care. This study aims to define the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) slides at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Nigeria. It also seeks to determine Gleason's grading and grade group pattern of CaP in our hospital. Materials and Methods: This study is a 5-year retrospective study reviewing all the H and E slides of prostatic Tru-Cut biopsies that were already diagnosed as cancer at FMC Owerri. These diagnoses were read and confirmed using their morphological appearance on light microscopy. Those that were suspicious, especially those that were diagnosed with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (Gleason 3 + 3) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (Gleason 5 + 5), were sent for immunohistochemical studies. The well-differentiated carcinomas were stained for basal cells using P63, whereas poorly differentiated carcinomas were stained with prostate-specific antigens to confirm tissue of origin. These are to differentiate them from benign mimickers and metastatic carcinomas, respectively. Results: The age range of the patients was between 50 and 99 years, with a mean age of 72.84 years and peak age in the 70–79 years of age group. Using immunohistochemistry on the specimens which fitted into the criteria for immunohistochemistry, this study showed the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer using H and E to be 95.55% and the positive predictive value of H and E to be 0.83. With respect to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) group grading, high-grade cancers predominated, and the most predominant grade is 5. Conclusion: H and E stain has high diagnostic accuracy (95.55%), but a 4.45% diagnostic error using H and E is quite significant. Immunohistochemistry, therefore, should act as a most valuable adjunctive, which significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy of prostatic carcinoma diagnosis.
{"title":"Audit of prostate cancer diagnosis using P63 and prostate-specific antigen immunostains at a tertiary care hospital in South-East Nigeria","authors":"D. Amadi, C. Ndukwe, C. Obiorah, C. Ukah","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_139_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_139_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prostate cancer (CaP) is a leading cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer-related deaths among Nigerian men, and the accuracy of the pathologic diagnosis is critical for optimal patient care. This study aims to define the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) slides at Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Nigeria. It also seeks to determine Gleason's grading and grade group pattern of CaP in our hospital. Materials and Methods: This study is a 5-year retrospective study reviewing all the H and E slides of prostatic Tru-Cut biopsies that were already diagnosed as cancer at FMC Owerri. These diagnoses were read and confirmed using their morphological appearance on light microscopy. Those that were suspicious, especially those that were diagnosed with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (Gleason 3 + 3) and poorly differentiated carcinoma (Gleason 5 + 5), were sent for immunohistochemical studies. The well-differentiated carcinomas were stained for basal cells using P63, whereas poorly differentiated carcinomas were stained with prostate-specific antigens to confirm tissue of origin. These are to differentiate them from benign mimickers and metastatic carcinomas, respectively. Results: The age range of the patients was between 50 and 99 years, with a mean age of 72.84 years and peak age in the 70–79 years of age group. Using immunohistochemistry on the specimens which fitted into the criteria for immunohistochemistry, this study showed the relative proportional accuracy of the histological diagnosis of prostatic cancer using H and E to be 95.55% and the positive predictive value of H and E to be 0.83. With respect to International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) group grading, high-grade cancers predominated, and the most predominant grade is 5. Conclusion: H and E stain has high diagnostic accuracy (95.55%), but a 4.45% diagnostic error using H and E is quite significant. Immunohistochemistry, therefore, should act as a most valuable adjunctive, which significantly increases the diagnostic accuracy of prostatic carcinoma diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"139 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_151_22
M. Saghiri, C. Tang, Ali Saghiri, E. Samadi
The aim of this review is to examine various pathological conditions that impact the voice and how these features can be used in their diagnosis. An electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed for the articles published between January 2000 and July 2022 using the keywords found in the Medical Subject Headings database along with PubMed regarding diseases affecting voice. Our preliminary search result identified 608 articles using the keywords mentioned below. Among those, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. Voice analysis can prove to be the missing link in the study and early detection of diseases. Using multiple voice attributes to cross-reference and diagnose conditions has excellent potential to fasten the process and significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
{"title":"A mini-review of pathological voice recognition","authors":"M. Saghiri, C. Tang, Ali Saghiri, E. Samadi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_151_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_151_22","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review is to examine various pathological conditions that impact the voice and how these features can be used in their diagnosis. An electronic search of PubMed and Google Scholar was performed for the articles published between January 2000 and July 2022 using the keywords found in the Medical Subject Headings database along with PubMed regarding diseases affecting voice. Our preliminary search result identified 608 articles using the keywords mentioned below. Among those, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria set for this review. Voice analysis can prove to be the missing link in the study and early detection of diseases. Using multiple voice attributes to cross-reference and diagnose conditions has excellent potential to fasten the process and significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45248460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahdi Nikoohemmat, H. Modir, Esmail Moshiri, Aidin Shakeri
Introduction: Blood loss management in craniotomy is essential for a patient's haemodynamic stability and a significantly better view of the surgical site. The study aimed to address the comparative efficacy of labetalol (LAB), remifentanil (REM) and dexmedetomidine (DXM) on the bleeding control during the craniotomy procedure. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind trial, ninety patients eligible for undergoing craniotomy were recruited and assigned to DXM, LAB and REM groups by the block-randomised method. The vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation (SaO2) after induction and during the hypotension phase every 15 min until the end of surgery and at recovery and certain time points (2, 4 and 6 h post-operative), were recorded. The amount of bleeding, surgeon satisfaction and dose of propofol used, side effects and haemoglobin level before and 12 h after surgery were registered. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software by one-way analysis of variance, repeated measurement test and Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in vital signs, including SaO2, blood pressure, HR, duration of surgery, extubation time and the amount of propofol consumed, side effects and haemoglobin level (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the DXM group showed a prolonged recovery time (P = 0.018), less bleeding (P = 0.001) and the highest surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.001) when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that DXM helps increase surgeon satisfaction and reduce bleeding while increasing the recovery time. Overall, it does, however, have improved performance without any side effects, based on which DXM can hence be recommended to be used to control bleeding during craniotomy.
{"title":"Comparing the bleeding control effect of labetalol, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine during craniotomy; A randomised clinical trial","authors":"Mahdi Nikoohemmat, H. Modir, Esmail Moshiri, Aidin Shakeri","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Blood loss management in craniotomy is essential for a patient's haemodynamic stability and a significantly better view of the surgical site. The study aimed to address the comparative efficacy of labetalol (LAB), remifentanil (REM) and dexmedetomidine (DXM) on the bleeding control during the craniotomy procedure. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind trial, ninety patients eligible for undergoing craniotomy were recruited and assigned to DXM, LAB and REM groups by the block-randomised method. The vital signs, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, and oxygen saturation (SaO2) after induction and during the hypotension phase every 15 min until the end of surgery and at recovery and certain time points (2, 4 and 6 h post-operative), were recorded. The amount of bleeding, surgeon satisfaction and dose of propofol used, side effects and haemoglobin level before and 12 h after surgery were registered. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS software by one-way analysis of variance, repeated measurement test and Chi-square test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant difference was found in vital signs, including SaO2, blood pressure, HR, duration of surgery, extubation time and the amount of propofol consumed, side effects and haemoglobin level (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the DXM group showed a prolonged recovery time (P = 0.018), less bleeding (P = 0.001) and the highest surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.001) when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Our results showed that DXM helps increase surgeon satisfaction and reduce bleeding while increasing the recovery time. Overall, it does, however, have improved performance without any side effects, based on which DXM can hence be recommended to be used to control bleeding during craniotomy.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"87 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44095147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of patient blood management in judicious use of blood","authors":"Mainul Haque, Rabeya Yousuf, SuriaAbdul Aziz, Nurasyikin Yusof, Susmita Sinha","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_106_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_106_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_178_21
R. Kumar, H. Dharmagadda, Kathyayani Burugula
Introduction: Classification of septal deviations is varied, but their application in selecting the type of septal surgery is not decisive. Classifying the septal deviations and using it to decide the choice of surgery was reviewed. The aim of the study is to review the use of classification of septal deviations into anterior and posterior to select septoplasty and submucosal resection (SMR), respectively. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with anterior deviated nasal septum were grouped as Group A. Another 34 patients with posterior septal deviation were grouped as Group B. In Group A, patients were aged between 18 years and 47 years with a mean age of 34.28 ± 2.30 years. In Group B, they were aged between 19 and 48 years, with a mean age of 35.25 ± 3.05 years. The male-to-female ratio of the total 68 patients was 1.4:1. Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score Grade 4 and 5 was noted in 31 (45.48%) patients in Group A and 33 (48.52%) patients in Group B. Right side deviation was noted in 15 (22.05%) of the Group A patients and 20 (29.41%) of the Group B patients. Results: All patients with anterior deviation were subjected to septoplasty, and patients with posterior deviation were subjected to classical SMR surgery. The results were assessed and analysed using the response of recovery in the nasal obstruction NOSE score and the two groups were correlated using Pearson's Correlation coefficient calculator. The R score was 0.9942, and the P value was 0.0001 (P taken as significant at < 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed by the results that deciding the type of surgery as per the direct nasal endoscopy findings whether it was anterior or posterior deviation was easy, practical, and definite final outcome results could be expected at the end.
{"title":"Decision-making in septal deviations: Septoplasty for anterior septal deviations and submucosal resection for posterior deviations: Is it a practical method?","authors":"R. Kumar, H. Dharmagadda, Kathyayani Burugula","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_178_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_178_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Classification of septal deviations is varied, but their application in selecting the type of septal surgery is not decisive. Classifying the septal deviations and using it to decide the choice of surgery was reviewed. The aim of the study is to review the use of classification of septal deviations into anterior and posterior to select septoplasty and submucosal resection (SMR), respectively. Materials and Methods: Thirty-four patients with anterior deviated nasal septum were grouped as Group A. Another 34 patients with posterior septal deviation were grouped as Group B. In Group A, patients were aged between 18 years and 47 years with a mean age of 34.28 ± 2.30 years. In Group B, they were aged between 19 and 48 years, with a mean age of 35.25 ± 3.05 years. The male-to-female ratio of the total 68 patients was 1.4:1. Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score Grade 4 and 5 was noted in 31 (45.48%) patients in Group A and 33 (48.52%) patients in Group B. Right side deviation was noted in 15 (22.05%) of the Group A patients and 20 (29.41%) of the Group B patients. Results: All patients with anterior deviation were subjected to septoplasty, and patients with posterior deviation were subjected to classical SMR surgery. The results were assessed and analysed using the response of recovery in the nasal obstruction NOSE score and the two groups were correlated using Pearson's Correlation coefficient calculator. The R score was 0.9942, and the P value was 0.0001 (P taken as significant at < 0.05). Conclusion: It was observed by the results that deciding the type of surgery as per the direct nasal endoscopy findings whether it was anterior or posterior deviation was easy, practical, and definite final outcome results could be expected at the end.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"42 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tushar Baria, Palak Anilkumar Chudasama, Milan Mehta
Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is most commonly used as a secure anaesthetic method in elective and emergency operations. Shivering is noted in 40%–70% of patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia. The study aims to compare the efficacy, haemodynamic effects and side effects of clonidine with tramadol for the control of shivering. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from April 2016 to November 2016. Using a convenient sampling technique, a total of 60 adult patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Grade I or II, aged ≥18 years, of either sex who were scheduled hysterectomy administered with clonidine vis-à-vis tramadol for spinal anaesthesia were selected for the study after informed consent. All the patients were randomly allocated into one of the two groups using computer generated random number table: Group C: Injection clonidine 75 µg slow intravenous (IV) injection and Group T: Injection tramadol 1 mg/kg slow IV injection. Results: Non-significant association was found between age, ASA grade, level of sensory block, shivering grade and mean systolic blood pressure amongst the participants of group clonidine and tramadol. Group C had significantly early control of shivering, less time for complete loss of shivering and fewer adverse events were noted compared to the tramadol group. Conclusion: Both clonidine (75 µg) and tramadol (1 mg/kg) effectively treat patients with post-spinal anaesthesia shivering, but tramadol takes longer time for complete cessation of shivering than clonidine. Clonidine offers better thermodynamics than tramadol, with fewer side effects. The more frequent incidence of the side effects of tramadol, such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness, may limit its use as an anti-shivering drug.
{"title":"The Effect of Clonidine and Tramadol on Post-spinal Anaesthesia Shivering in Hysterectomy Patients: A Comparative Study","authors":"Tushar Baria, Palak Anilkumar Chudasama, Milan Mehta","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_37_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_37_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia is most commonly used as a secure anaesthetic method in elective and emergency operations. Shivering is noted in 40%–70% of patients undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia. The study aims to compare the efficacy, haemodynamic effects and side effects of clonidine with tramadol for the control of shivering. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted from April 2016 to November 2016. Using a convenient sampling technique, a total of 60 adult patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Grade I or II, aged ≥18 years, of either sex who were scheduled hysterectomy administered with clonidine vis-à-vis tramadol for spinal anaesthesia were selected for the study after informed consent. All the patients were randomly allocated into one of the two groups using computer generated random number table: Group C: Injection clonidine 75 µg slow intravenous (IV) injection and Group T: Injection tramadol 1 mg/kg slow IV injection. Results: Non-significant association was found between age, ASA grade, level of sensory block, shivering grade and mean systolic blood pressure amongst the participants of group clonidine and tramadol. Group C had significantly early control of shivering, less time for complete loss of shivering and fewer adverse events were noted compared to the tramadol group. Conclusion: Both clonidine (75 µg) and tramadol (1 mg/kg) effectively treat patients with post-spinal anaesthesia shivering, but tramadol takes longer time for complete cessation of shivering than clonidine. Clonidine offers better thermodynamics than tramadol, with fewer side effects. The more frequent incidence of the side effects of tramadol, such as nausea, vomiting and dizziness, may limit its use as an anti-shivering drug.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"393 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136304075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Inflammation is an integral component of bronchial asthma associated with hyperresponsiveness and chest tightness. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been proven as independent inflammatory markers in various conditions. This study is an effort to evaluate the correlation between these two markers in asthma. Materials and Method: With the approval of the Ethical Committee, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, 194 subjects were enrolled for the current study. Out of which, 122 were proven asthmatics diagnosed by pulmonologist and 72 non-asthmatic healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected from all the individuals and subjected to complete blood count. NLR and PLR were calculated and analysed for each study group. The continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and Student's t-test. The correlation analysis was performed between the various groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was noted with respect to NLR and PLR between asthma patients and non-asthmatic healthy controls (P = 0.0001). NLR alone varied significantly between responders (mild asthmatics) and poor responders (moderate asthmatics) of the patient group. Further, a positive correlation was noted between NLR and PLR in all the categories, with the highest value in the poor responders. The results are indicative of strong interdependency of NLR and PLR in a condition with higher inflammation. Conclusion: Future studies are warranted to explore this relation in understanding the disease severity/drug response to monitor or to identify the better drug target.
{"title":"A correlational study on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in bronchial asthma","authors":"R. Tahseen, M. Parvez, G. Kumar, P. Jahan","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_44_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_44_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammation is an integral component of bronchial asthma associated with hyperresponsiveness and chest tightness. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been proven as independent inflammatory markers in various conditions. This study is an effort to evaluate the correlation between these two markers in asthma. Materials and Method: With the approval of the Ethical Committee, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, 194 subjects were enrolled for the current study. Out of which, 122 were proven asthmatics diagnosed by pulmonologist and 72 non-asthmatic healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected from all the individuals and subjected to complete blood count. NLR and PLR were calculated and analysed for each study group. The continuous data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and Student's t-test. The correlation analysis was performed between the various groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was noted with respect to NLR and PLR between asthma patients and non-asthmatic healthy controls (P = 0.0001). NLR alone varied significantly between responders (mild asthmatics) and poor responders (moderate asthmatics) of the patient group. Further, a positive correlation was noted between NLR and PLR in all the categories, with the highest value in the poor responders. The results are indicative of strong interdependency of NLR and PLR in a condition with higher inflammation. Conclusion: Future studies are warranted to explore this relation in understanding the disease severity/drug response to monitor or to identify the better drug target.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"68 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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