Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for one-third of the nosocomial infections. As drug repurposing is an excellent method to develop new antimicrobials, the present study is a trial to repurpose the anti-depression drug sertraline against two of the major CAUTI causing, biofilm forming bacteria viz., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used in repurposing sertraline against E. faecalis and E. coli, to find out the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug. The anti-biofilm activity of the drug was also studied. Results: Sertraline (concentrations given within brackets) produced growth inhibition zones against E. faecalis as: 23 mm (125 μg), 24 mm (150 μg) and 26 mm (200 μg) and against E. coli as: 14 mm (125 μg), 15 mm (150 μg) and 17 mm (200 μg), respectively. Against both of the pathogens, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug was found to be 75 μg/ml, and at this concentration, the drug prevented the colony formation by these bacteria on polystyrene surfaces. The drug reduced the biofilms of E. faecalis and E. coli by 62% and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: When repurposed against E. faecalis and E. coli sertraline showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-adhesive activities, repurposing being one of the easiest ways to develop new drugs against bacterial pathogens, the authors suggest for further studies on repurposing sertraline for its clinical applications.
导读:导尿管相关性尿路感染(CAUTIs)占院内感染的三分之一。由于药物再利用是开发新型抗菌素的一种极好的方法，本研究是一项将抗抑郁药物舍曲林用于两种主要引起CAUTI的生物膜形成细菌即粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌的试验。材料与方法:采用琼脂扩散法和微量稀释法对舍曲林对粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌进行复配，测定其抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度。并对其抗生物膜活性进行了研究。结果:舍曲林(括号内给出的浓度)对粪肠杆菌的生长抑制区分别为23 mm (125 μg)、24 mm (150 μg)和26 mm (200 μg)，对大肠杆菌的生长抑制区分别为14 mm (125 μg)、15 mm (150 μg)和17 mm (200 μg)。对这两种病原菌，药物的最低抑制浓度为75 μg/ml，在此浓度下，药物可以阻止这些细菌在聚苯乙烯表面形成菌落。该药物使粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的生物膜分别减少62%和69%。结论:舍曲林重新利用后对粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗黏附活性，是开发抗细菌病原菌新药的最简便途径之一，值得进一步研究其重新利用的临床应用。
{"title":"Repurposing the anti-depression drug sertraline against catheter-associated urinary tract infections","authors":"M. Poyil, Mohammed Khan, Meiyazhagan Gowri","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for one-third of the nosocomial infections. As drug repurposing is an excellent method to develop new antimicrobials, the present study is a trial to repurpose the anti-depression drug sertraline against two of the major CAUTI causing, biofilm forming bacteria viz., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used in repurposing sertraline against E. faecalis and E. coli, to find out the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug. The anti-biofilm activity of the drug was also studied. Results: Sertraline (concentrations given within brackets) produced growth inhibition zones against E. faecalis as: 23 mm (125 μg), 24 mm (150 μg) and 26 mm (200 μg) and against E. coli as: 14 mm (125 μg), 15 mm (150 μg) and 17 mm (200 μg), respectively. Against both of the pathogens, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug was found to be 75 μg/ml, and at this concentration, the drug prevented the colony formation by these bacteria on polystyrene surfaces. The drug reduced the biofilms of E. faecalis and E. coli by 62% and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: When repurposed against E. faecalis and E. coli sertraline showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-adhesive activities, repurposing being one of the easiest ways to develop new drugs against bacterial pathogens, the authors suggest for further studies on repurposing sertraline for its clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Razak, Faridah Nor, Mohamed Shafie, Mainul Haque
Background: Fatal neck pressure may arise from hanging, ligature strangulation and manual strangulation. The analysis aimed to evaluate the demographic profiles of deadly neck pressure concerning ligature material, its position on the neck and the pattern of neck injuries with the manner of death in autopsied cases at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Materials and Methods: A 20-year retrospective analysis was conducted at UKMMC, where 287 cases were sampled; out of which 267 cases were suicidal hanging, and four were accidental hanging. Only 11 cases of ligature strangulation and five cases were due to manual strangulation. The details were obtained from the autopsy report and IBM SPSS Statistics 28 analysis. Results: This study showed that 210 (73.2%) males and 77 (26. 8%) females with a ratio of 2.7:1 had died of fatal neck pressure. Male dominance (74.5%) was displayed in suicidal hanging, and there was no sex difference in ligature and/or manual strangulation. Ligature and manual strangulation were common in the younger age group. Accidental strangulation in young adults was most probably due to auto-erotic asphyxia. In this study, the youngest was 1 year, while the oldest was 85 years. The most common ligature used in suicidal hanging and homicidal ligature strangulation was hard material. The most typical pattern of the neck finding was facial congestion (71.1%), followed by petechial haemorrhages, neck muscle contusion, hyoid bone fracture, thyroid cartilage fracture and carotid injury (1.7%). Conclusion: Forensic pathologists' experience and autopsy techniques are fundamental in explaining the injury pattern and its correlation with fatality.
{"title":"A 20-year study of fatal pressure on the neck in autopsied cases at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center","authors":"N. Razak, Faridah Nor, Mohamed Shafie, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_62_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_62_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fatal neck pressure may arise from hanging, ligature strangulation and manual strangulation. The analysis aimed to evaluate the demographic profiles of deadly neck pressure concerning ligature material, its position on the neck and the pattern of neck injuries with the manner of death in autopsied cases at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC). Materials and Methods: A 20-year retrospective analysis was conducted at UKMMC, where 287 cases were sampled; out of which 267 cases were suicidal hanging, and four were accidental hanging. Only 11 cases of ligature strangulation and five cases were due to manual strangulation. The details were obtained from the autopsy report and IBM SPSS Statistics 28 analysis. Results: This study showed that 210 (73.2%) males and 77 (26. 8%) females with a ratio of 2.7:1 had died of fatal neck pressure. Male dominance (74.5%) was displayed in suicidal hanging, and there was no sex difference in ligature and/or manual strangulation. Ligature and manual strangulation were common in the younger age group. Accidental strangulation in young adults was most probably due to auto-erotic asphyxia. In this study, the youngest was 1 year, while the oldest was 85 years. The most common ligature used in suicidal hanging and homicidal ligature strangulation was hard material. The most typical pattern of the neck finding was facial congestion (71.1%), followed by petechial haemorrhages, neck muscle contusion, hyoid bone fracture, thyroid cartilage fracture and carotid injury (1.7%). Conclusion: Forensic pathologists' experience and autopsy techniques are fundamental in explaining the injury pattern and its correlation with fatality.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48075175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Wet-fixed smear study routinely used to identify several pre-cancerous and cancerous tumours. By contrasting cellular preservation and staining quality in rehydration smears with wet-fixed smears, the current study aims to establish the effects of rehydration on air-dried smears. Materials and Methods: One hundred paired samples are compared. Wet fixing was done in the first place. Air-dried samples are rehydrated for 30 s with regular saline and then placed in 95% ethanol for 30 min. Both smears will undergo screening, evaluation and grading for numerous cytomorphological factors after Pap staining. The 2014 Bethesda system was used to report the cervical smear results. Results: When evaluated for numerous cellular properties, statistically significant similarities can be seen between two groups, one with wet-fixed smears and the other with rehydrated air-dried smears. The results of the cytological diagnosis comparison between the two groups can be shown in the agreement. Rehydrated air-dried smear interpretation and staining quality are significantly superior to traditional wet smears. Conclusions: Rehydration air-dried techniques can be used instead of traditional wet fixation methods and are as effective when used alone or with traditional wet-fixed smears.
{"title":"Pros and cons of air-dried and conventional wet-fixed Pap smears: An institutional study","authors":"A. Mary, Subhashish Das, S. Sheela","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Wet-fixed smear study routinely used to identify several pre-cancerous and cancerous tumours. By contrasting cellular preservation and staining quality in rehydration smears with wet-fixed smears, the current study aims to establish the effects of rehydration on air-dried smears. Materials and Methods: One hundred paired samples are compared. Wet fixing was done in the first place. Air-dried samples are rehydrated for 30 s with regular saline and then placed in 95% ethanol for 30 min. Both smears will undergo screening, evaluation and grading for numerous cytomorphological factors after Pap staining. The 2014 Bethesda system was used to report the cervical smear results. Results: When evaluated for numerous cellular properties, statistically significant similarities can be seen between two groups, one with wet-fixed smears and the other with rehydrated air-dried smears. The results of the cytological diagnosis comparison between the two groups can be shown in the agreement. Rehydrated air-dried smear interpretation and staining quality are significantly superior to traditional wet smears. Conclusions: Rehydration air-dried techniques can be used instead of traditional wet fixation methods and are as effective when used alone or with traditional wet-fixed smears.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42067240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The vital role of forensic medicine as a 'hidden curriculum' in medical education: Current perspectives","authors":"Mainul Haque, N. Razak","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45582366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_200_22
Dimple Gupta, Ashok Vala, Abhinav Ankur, Chirag Ambaliya, K. Unadkat, B. Panchal
Introduction: Rotatory shift work is quite prevalent in the general population. The knowledge that effect does not depend on a single cause, but rather, diseases are multifactorial in origin, resulting in widespread interest towards the preventive aspect and focussing on the causative factors that directly or indirectly influence the health and well-being of shift workers. Materials and Methods: We analysed data from an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, interview-based study of a total of 100 shift workers working in Sir T Hospital in Bhavnagar conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. The study was performed via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. We used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. To diagnose depression, anxiety and burnout, we used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI), respectively. Statistical data were analysed using R software version 4.0.5 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results: A total of 100 participants were interviewed. The respondents are almost symmetric in terms of male and female, married and unmarried and rural and urban residence. The mean age of our sample is 36.98 ± 9.37 years. Around 15% of participants showed moderate/severe levels of depression (18%) and moderate/severe levels of anxiety (9%) using HAM-D and HAM-A, respectively. Using CBI subscales, 27% of respondents showed personal burnout, 54% showed work-related burnout and 20% showed client-related burnout. Sleep quality was poor among shift workers (45%) using the PSQI scale. Significant positive correlations are found between HAM D and personal burnout (r = 0.206, P = 0.040), work burnout with personal burnout (r = 0.243, P = 0.015) and client burnout (r = 0.246, P = 0.013). Furthermore, personal and client burnout shows a positive correlation (r = 0.271, P = 0.006). Although these correlations are still significant, they indicate low positive nature of the relationship between such variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, burnout and poor sleep quality was high. The effect on shift work mental health is multifaceted, dealing with several aspects of personal characteristics and working and living conditions. Further research is needed to support the mental well-being of shift workers and minimise workplace-related psychiatric disorders by developing short- and long-term strategies.
简介:轮班工作在一般人群中相当普遍。认识到影响不取决于单一原因，而是疾病的起源是多因素的，这导致人们对预防方面的广泛兴趣，并关注直接或间接影响轮班工人健康和福祉的致病因素。材料和方法:我们分析了一项观察性、横断面、单中心、基于访谈的研究数据，该研究对2020年7月至2021年12月期间在巴夫纳格尔Sir T医院工作的100名轮班工人进行了研究。该研究采用结构化问卷，通过面对面访谈的方式进行。我们采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评价睡眠质量。为了诊断抑郁、焦虑和倦怠，我们分别使用了汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表(HAM-D)、汉密尔顿焦虑评定量表(HAM-A)和哥本哈根倦怠量表(CBI)。统计数据分析使用R软件版本4.0.5 (R开发核心团队，维也纳，奥地利)。结果:共访谈100名参与者。受访者在男女、已婚和未婚、农村和城市居住方面几乎是对称的。样本平均年龄为36.98±9.37岁。使用HAM-D和HAM-A测试，大约15%的参与者分别表现出中度/重度抑郁(18%)和中度/重度焦虑(9%)。使用CBI子量表，27%的受访者表现为个人倦怠，54%的受访者表现为工作倦怠，20%的受访者表现为客户倦怠。在PSQI量表中，轮班工作者的睡眠质量较差(45%)。HAM D与个人倦怠(r = 0.206, P = 0.040)、工作倦怠与个人倦怠(r = 0.243, P = 0.015)、客户倦怠(r = 0.246, P = 0.013)呈显著正相关。此外，个人与客户倦怠呈显著正相关(r = 0.271, P = 0.006)。尽管这些相关性仍然显著，但它们表明这些变量之间关系的低正性。结论:抑郁、焦虑、倦怠、睡眠质量差的发生率较高。轮班工作对心理健康的影响是多方面的，涉及个人特征和工作和生活条件的几个方面。需要进一步的研究来支持轮班工人的心理健康，并通过制定短期和长期战略来最大限度地减少与工作场所相关的精神疾病。
{"title":"A cross sectional study of quality of sleep, burnouts, anxiety and depression in rotatory shift workers of sir T Hospital Bhavnagar","authors":"Dimple Gupta, Ashok Vala, Abhinav Ankur, Chirag Ambaliya, K. Unadkat, B. Panchal","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_200_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_200_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rotatory shift work is quite prevalent in the general population. The knowledge that effect does not depend on a single cause, but rather, diseases are multifactorial in origin, resulting in widespread interest towards the preventive aspect and focussing on the causative factors that directly or indirectly influence the health and well-being of shift workers. Materials and Methods: We analysed data from an observational, cross-sectional, single-centred, interview-based study of a total of 100 shift workers working in Sir T Hospital in Bhavnagar conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. The study was performed via face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires. We used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) to evaluate sleep quality. To diagnose depression, anxiety and burnout, we used the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Copenhagen burnout inventory (CBI), respectively. Statistical data were analysed using R software version 4.0.5 (R Development Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Results: A total of 100 participants were interviewed. The respondents are almost symmetric in terms of male and female, married and unmarried and rural and urban residence. The mean age of our sample is 36.98 ± 9.37 years. Around 15% of participants showed moderate/severe levels of depression (18%) and moderate/severe levels of anxiety (9%) using HAM-D and HAM-A, respectively. Using CBI subscales, 27% of respondents showed personal burnout, 54% showed work-related burnout and 20% showed client-related burnout. Sleep quality was poor among shift workers (45%) using the PSQI scale. Significant positive correlations are found between HAM D and personal burnout (r = 0.206, P = 0.040), work burnout with personal burnout (r = 0.243, P = 0.015) and client burnout (r = 0.246, P = 0.013). Furthermore, personal and client burnout shows a positive correlation (r = 0.271, P = 0.006). Although these correlations are still significant, they indicate low positive nature of the relationship between such variables. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, burnout and poor sleep quality was high. The effect on shift work mental health is multifaceted, dealing with several aspects of personal characteristics and working and living conditions. Further research is needed to support the mental well-being of shift workers and minimise workplace-related psychiatric disorders by developing short- and long-term strategies.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48882005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nileshwariba Jadeja, Neelampari Parikh, C. Nandini
Introduction: Metastasis in oral epidermoid carcinoma oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur differently. Lymph nodes and lymphatics which drain the tumour site, serve as the most common pathway for metastasis. Lymph nodes serve as a marker of the immune status of the patient, which in response to a metastatic event, may facilitate or resist the homing of tumour cells. This host immune response is identified by examining various immunoreactive patterns in the lymph node. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of OSCC underwent radical neck dissection and were assessed for grading of tumour histology, immunomorphological patterns (IMPs) in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes as well as the pattern of tumour involvement in positive lymph nodes. All the lymph nodes were histologically evaluated and were grouped as metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, showing four different patterns lymphocyte predominance (LP) pattern, germinal centre predominance (GCP) pattern, sinus histiocytosis (SH) pattern and lymphocyte depleted pattern. Metastatic positive nodes were further evaluated for the pattern of tumour cell invasion within the lymph node. Results: A total number of 1167 lymph nodes were histologically evaluated. Out of all, 239 lymph nodes were positive for metastasis and 928 were non-metastatic nodes. The most frequently encountered lymph node pattern was of LP (854 nodes), followed by GCP (157 nodes), SH (120 nodes) and lymphocyte depleted (36 nodes), respectively. Out of 1167, 239 nodes were positive for metastasis, indicating that as the stage advances, the GCP type predominates (the predominant IMP shifts from LP to GCP), so that facilitating or favouring metastasis. Moreover, the most common pattern seen in metastatic deposits observed was islands/sheets followed by strands/cords. Conclusion: IMPs of regional lymph nodes of OSCCs seem to be an essential factor in serving as a prognostic indicator. Whereas the cell-mediated immune response represented by LP and SH resist the metastasis process, the humoral reflected by GCP favours metastasis.
{"title":"Assessment of immunomorphological patterns in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients","authors":"Nileshwariba Jadeja, Neelampari Parikh, C. Nandini","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Metastasis in oral epidermoid carcinoma oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur differently. Lymph nodes and lymphatics which drain the tumour site, serve as the most common pathway for metastasis. Lymph nodes serve as a marker of the immune status of the patient, which in response to a metastatic event, may facilitate or resist the homing of tumour cells. This host immune response is identified by examining various immunoreactive patterns in the lymph node. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 cases of OSCC underwent radical neck dissection and were assessed for grading of tumour histology, immunomorphological patterns (IMPs) in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes as well as the pattern of tumour involvement in positive lymph nodes. All the lymph nodes were histologically evaluated and were grouped as metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes, showing four different patterns lymphocyte predominance (LP) pattern, germinal centre predominance (GCP) pattern, sinus histiocytosis (SH) pattern and lymphocyte depleted pattern. Metastatic positive nodes were further evaluated for the pattern of tumour cell invasion within the lymph node. Results: A total number of 1167 lymph nodes were histologically evaluated. Out of all, 239 lymph nodes were positive for metastasis and 928 were non-metastatic nodes. The most frequently encountered lymph node pattern was of LP (854 nodes), followed by GCP (157 nodes), SH (120 nodes) and lymphocyte depleted (36 nodes), respectively. Out of 1167, 239 nodes were positive for metastasis, indicating that as the stage advances, the GCP type predominates (the predominant IMP shifts from LP to GCP), so that facilitating or favouring metastasis. Moreover, the most common pattern seen in metastatic deposits observed was islands/sheets followed by strands/cords. Conclusion: IMPs of regional lymph nodes of OSCCs seem to be an essential factor in serving as a prognostic indicator. Whereas the cell-mediated immune response represented by LP and SH resist the metastasis process, the humoral reflected by GCP favours metastasis.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46242828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Digumarthi, R. Prakash, Hemanth S Egalapati, Manojna Sanapala
Introduction: Adolescence is a period of affirmation of certain beliefs, including those related to the perception of one's aesthetics as related to what is perceived to be the standard norm within a community. Certain aspects of clinically ascertained malocclusion by a practitioner may, in fact, be aspects not considered an issue by the adolescent. Of interest was the evaluation of aesthetic insecurity amongst a group of school-going tribal adolescents with no access to orthodontic treatment and hence no prior history of orthodontic treatments within the community. Materials and Methods: 2016 tribal adolescents belonging to the Revenue divisions of Paderu (Visakhapatnam), in the age group of 13–19 years, with normal growth and development, who had no nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disorders or craniofacial anomalies, were enrolled in this study. Necessary permissions and consent were obtained from the parents or guardians, the school and tribal authorities and the institutional ethical clearance committee. The orthodontic screening was performed under natural daylight in compliance with infection prevention protocol. The students were categorised into those with either ideal occlusion or Angle's Class I, II and III malocclusions. A 'simplified malocclusion index for layperson evaluation' (SMILE) index was verbally assigned in Telugu, the vernacular language, during the orthodontic screening interaction. Aesthetic insecurity noted amongst the responses was subjected to a Chi-square statistical analysis to determine gender bias. Results: Thirty-two per cent of the tribal adolescents screened at Paderu (Visakhapatnam) presented with ideal occlusion and sixty-eight per cent with malocclusion. The verbally assigned SMILE index revealed that 78.24% of the boys and 81.85% of the girls exhibited orthodontic awareness. The percentage distribution of aesthetic insecurity had the boys at 19.04% and the girls at 31.86%. The Chi-square statistical analysis of this data revealed a gender bias (X2 [1, N = 1371] =4.44, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Aesthetic insecurity negatively impacts the perceived oral health-related quality of life. The use of the SMILE index proposed by the authors in this study allows for a candid assessment of any such insecurity and an assessment of orthodontic awareness and perceived treatment needs without the individual feeling coerced. The study results reveal a good level of orthodontic awareness with a statically significant gender bias of aesthetic insecurity.
{"title":"An insight into aesthetic insecurity related to malocclusion amongst tribal adolescents and extent of orthodontic awareness","authors":"U. Digumarthi, R. Prakash, Hemanth S Egalapati, Manojna Sanapala","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescence is a period of affirmation of certain beliefs, including those related to the perception of one's aesthetics as related to what is perceived to be the standard norm within a community. Certain aspects of clinically ascertained malocclusion by a practitioner may, in fact, be aspects not considered an issue by the adolescent. Of interest was the evaluation of aesthetic insecurity amongst a group of school-going tribal adolescents with no access to orthodontic treatment and hence no prior history of orthodontic treatments within the community. Materials and Methods: 2016 tribal adolescents belonging to the Revenue divisions of Paderu (Visakhapatnam), in the age group of 13–19 years, with normal growth and development, who had no nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disorders or craniofacial anomalies, were enrolled in this study. Necessary permissions and consent were obtained from the parents or guardians, the school and tribal authorities and the institutional ethical clearance committee. The orthodontic screening was performed under natural daylight in compliance with infection prevention protocol. The students were categorised into those with either ideal occlusion or Angle's Class I, II and III malocclusions. A 'simplified malocclusion index for layperson evaluation' (SMILE) index was verbally assigned in Telugu, the vernacular language, during the orthodontic screening interaction. Aesthetic insecurity noted amongst the responses was subjected to a Chi-square statistical analysis to determine gender bias. Results: Thirty-two per cent of the tribal adolescents screened at Paderu (Visakhapatnam) presented with ideal occlusion and sixty-eight per cent with malocclusion. The verbally assigned SMILE index revealed that 78.24% of the boys and 81.85% of the girls exhibited orthodontic awareness. The percentage distribution of aesthetic insecurity had the boys at 19.04% and the girls at 31.86%. The Chi-square statistical analysis of this data revealed a gender bias (X2 [1, N = 1371] =4.44, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Aesthetic insecurity negatively impacts the perceived oral health-related quality of life. The use of the SMILE index proposed by the authors in this study allows for a candid assessment of any such insecurity and an assessment of orthodontic awareness and perceived treatment needs without the individual feeling coerced. The study results reveal a good level of orthodontic awareness with a statically significant gender bias of aesthetic insecurity.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46577813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence and progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus: A matter of global concern","authors":"Rahnuma Ahmad, M. Narwaria, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_65_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_65_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45691214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_222_22
Unwaniah Rahim, Nur Aishah Che Roos, Marami Mustapa, Armania Nurdin, Nursiati Taridi, Yasmin Mohd Yusof
Background: Cervical cancer has accounted for the top-four cancer incidences occurring among females worldwide. Despite the availability of anticancer drugs as one of its treatment modalities, they are not without adverse effects. It has come to researchers' attention that natural bioactive compounds have anticancer properties, as reported in many pre-clinical studies. Materials and Methods: This systematic review protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols-P guideline and Population, Intervention, Comparison Outcome and Study framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, will be searched from inception until May 2022 for articles published in English. Only studies that investigate the effects of curcumin, gingerol, shogaol and/or their combination in human cervical cancer cell lines and/or rodent animal models implanted with cervical cancer xenografts will be included. A customised risk-of-bias tool (RoB) and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's RoB will be used to assess the quality of in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan version 5.4. Conclusions: Findings obtained from this review may be used as valuable evidence to guide and direct future studies pertaining chemopreventive effects of bioactive compounds in cervical cancer. This protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022334940).
{"title":"Anticancer effects of gingerol, shogaol and curcumin in cervical cancer: A systematic review protocol","authors":"Unwaniah Rahim, Nur Aishah Che Roos, Marami Mustapa, Armania Nurdin, Nursiati Taridi, Yasmin Mohd Yusof","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_222_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_222_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cervical cancer has accounted for the top-four cancer incidences occurring among females worldwide. Despite the availability of anticancer drugs as one of its treatment modalities, they are not without adverse effects. It has come to researchers' attention that natural bioactive compounds have anticancer properties, as reported in many pre-clinical studies. Materials and Methods: This systematic review protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols-P guideline and Population, Intervention, Comparison Outcome and Study framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect, will be searched from inception until May 2022 for articles published in English. Only studies that investigate the effects of curcumin, gingerol, shogaol and/or their combination in human cervical cancer cell lines and/or rodent animal models implanted with cervical cancer xenografts will be included. A customised risk-of-bias tool (RoB) and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's RoB will be used to assess the quality of in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Where appropriate, a meta-analysis will be performed using RevMan version 5.4. Conclusions: Findings obtained from this review may be used as valuable evidence to guide and direct future studies pertaining chemopreventive effects of bioactive compounds in cervical cancer. This protocol is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022334940).","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_217_22
M. Saghiri, Dhruvi Desai, Julia Vakhnovetsky, Elham Samadi
Anxiety and depression are some of the most common mental disorders associated with a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and elevated cortisol levels in the saliva. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize all of the current information about the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression as well as address some of the shortcomings in prior research to explore its potential applications in diagnosing depression. In late July 2022, records from 2012-2022 were identified using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Unique abstracts were screened using the following criteria: (1) depression and saliva; (2) anxiety and saliva; (3) age and salivary cortisol and depression; (4) sex and salivary cortisol and depression. 4,869 records were identified across all three databases; resulting in 90 unique abstracts. 11 articles met all inclusion criteria. On balance, most studies associated the dysregulation of the HPA with depression and anxiety disorders, with a cofactor being the cortisol awakening response. Several studies also presented sex and age-related differences in salivary cortisol measures. However, there were several inconsistencies with some studies showing no age and/or sex-related differences. Furthermore, several studies also emphasized the importance of testing morning salivary cortisol as an effective method to diagnose depression and anxiety disorders. The oral microbiome may play a role in mental health disorders through changes in inflammation and cortisol levels in saliva. Our review contributes to the existing literature on the topic, highlighting gaps and strategizing the next steps.
焦虑和抑郁是一些与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA)失调和唾液中皮质醇水平升高有关的最常见的精神障碍。本综述的目的是综合目前关于唾液皮质醇与抑郁症之间关系的所有信息，并解决先前研究中的一些不足，以探索其在抑郁症诊断中的潜在应用。在2022年7月下旬，使用Web of Science, PubMed和Scopus确定了2012-2022年的记录。采用以下标准筛选独特的摘要:(1)抑郁和唾液;(2)焦虑和唾液;(3)年龄与唾液皮质醇与抑郁的关系;(4)性与唾液皮质醇与抑郁。在所有三个数据库中确定了4,869条记录;产生了90个独特的摘要。11篇文章符合所有纳入标准。总的来说，大多数研究将HPA失调与抑郁症和焦虑症联系起来，辅因子是皮质醇唤醒反应。几项研究也显示了唾液皮质醇测量的性别和年龄相关差异。然而，一些研究显示没有年龄和/或性别相关的差异，这与一些研究存在一些不一致之处。此外，一些研究也强调了早晨唾液皮质醇测试作为诊断抑郁和焦虑障碍的有效方法的重要性。口腔微生物群可能通过改变唾液中的炎症和皮质醇水平在精神健康障碍中发挥作用。我们的审查有助于现有文献的主题，突出差距和战略的下一步。
{"title":"Scoping review of the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression","authors":"M. Saghiri, Dhruvi Desai, Julia Vakhnovetsky, Elham Samadi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_217_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_217_22","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety and depression are some of the most common mental disorders associated with a dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and elevated cortisol levels in the saliva. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize all of the current information about the relationship between salivary cortisol and depression as well as address some of the shortcomings in prior research to explore its potential applications in diagnosing depression. In late July 2022, records from 2012-2022 were identified using Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Unique abstracts were screened using the following criteria: (1) depression and saliva; (2) anxiety and saliva; (3) age and salivary cortisol and depression; (4) sex and salivary cortisol and depression. 4,869 records were identified across all three databases; resulting in 90 unique abstracts. 11 articles met all inclusion criteria. On balance, most studies associated the dysregulation of the HPA with depression and anxiety disorders, with a cofactor being the cortisol awakening response. Several studies also presented sex and age-related differences in salivary cortisol measures. However, there were several inconsistencies with some studies showing no age and/or sex-related differences. Furthermore, several studies also emphasized the importance of testing morning salivary cortisol as an effective method to diagnose depression and anxiety disorders. The oral microbiome may play a role in mental health disorders through changes in inflammation and cortisol levels in saliva. Our review contributes to the existing literature on the topic, highlighting gaps and strategizing the next steps.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43073087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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