Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22
Bhagyashree H Dave, S. Mehta, Shreyansh P. Sutaria, P. Sutariya
Introduction: Correcting tooth size discrepancies are essential in achieving good dental and facial aesthetic in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Hence, dental biometrics will be the most important key for an aesthetic restoration. This study aimed to analyse the width, length and width/length ratio related to the clinical crown of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines in adult Gujarati individuals. This study also aimed to check whether a correlation exists between the optimal tooth dimension guidelines for planning aesthetic restorations and natural tooth dimensions. Materials and Methods: Type III dental plaster casts were made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of 68 healthy adult participants. These casts were used to measure maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines' maximum mesiodistal width and crown-root length with a digital vernier calliper (0.01 mm). The width/length ratio for each and every tooth was calculated. Results: The sample used in the study was 61.76% female and 38.24% male, with an age range of 18–30 years. 8.53 mm was the mean width value for the central incisors, lateral incisors 6.88 mm and canines 7.64 mm. The mean length was 9.80 mm for the central incisors, 8.25 mm for the lateral incisors and 9.29 mm for the canines. The average width/length ratio was 87% for the central incisors and 84% for the laterals and 83% for canines. Conclusion: The data received from the population studied are similar to previous research studies having similar methodology. However, great discrepancies in the absolute values were found when compared with other studies related to ideal tooth dimension guidelines on the aesthetic perception of dentists and personal preferences. The perception of what is considered natural seems to differ from what is considered aesthetically perfect.
{"title":"Analysis of width/length ratio in maxillary anterior teeth among Gujarati young individuals: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Bhagyashree H Dave, S. Mehta, Shreyansh P. Sutaria, P. Sutariya","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_186_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Correcting tooth size discrepancies are essential in achieving good dental and facial aesthetic in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Hence, dental biometrics will be the most important key for an aesthetic restoration. This study aimed to analyse the width, length and width/length ratio related to the clinical crown of maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines in adult Gujarati individuals. This study also aimed to check whether a correlation exists between the optimal tooth dimension guidelines for planning aesthetic restorations and natural tooth dimensions. Materials and Methods: Type III dental plaster casts were made from irreversible hydrocolloid impressions of 68 healthy adult participants. These casts were used to measure maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines' maximum mesiodistal width and crown-root length with a digital vernier calliper (0.01 mm). The width/length ratio for each and every tooth was calculated. Results: The sample used in the study was 61.76% female and 38.24% male, with an age range of 18–30 years. 8.53 mm was the mean width value for the central incisors, lateral incisors 6.88 mm and canines 7.64 mm. The mean length was 9.80 mm for the central incisors, 8.25 mm for the lateral incisors and 9.29 mm for the canines. The average width/length ratio was 87% for the central incisors and 84% for the laterals and 83% for canines. Conclusion: The data received from the population studied are similar to previous research studies having similar methodology. However, great discrepancies in the absolute values were found when compared with other studies related to ideal tooth dimension guidelines on the aesthetic perception of dentists and personal preferences. The perception of what is considered natural seems to differ from what is considered aesthetically perfect.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"59 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22
K. Sudarshan, Subhashis Das, A. Hemalatha, K. Raju
Introduction: Laboratory results play an essential role in both medical decision-making and inpatient management. In many clinical scenarios, laboratory test results are essential to make the right diagnosis or choosing the suitable treatment regimen. The aims and objectives were to study 13 National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)-specific common quality indicators (QIs) in the haematology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: NABL accredited a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study done in the haematology laboratory of NABH-recognised tertiary care teaching hospital over 5 years from January 2017 to April 2022 with a sample size of 1586,096. Quality parameters studied include sample rejection rates, sample redo rates, routine turnaround time (TAT), critical reports and their TAT, corrected reports, staining quality etc. The QI rates were calculated on a monthly basis, and trends were analysed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common error was clotted sample 634 (0.04%), followed by rejection due to the misidentification of sample 128 (0.008%). Several monthly critical alerts showed an upward trend (P = 0.045) which could be attributed to increased awareness amongst laboratory staff. Redo rates showed no significant change in trend over the study period. Conclusion: Updating the knowledge on laboratory services, adequate training of the staff and sensitisation about the importance of the QIs in all three phases will help minimise errors.
{"title":"Quality audit of haematology laboratory: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"K. Sudarshan, Subhashis Das, A. Hemalatha, K. Raju","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_197_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Laboratory results play an essential role in both medical decision-making and inpatient management. In many clinical scenarios, laboratory test results are essential to make the right diagnosis or choosing the suitable treatment regimen. The aims and objectives were to study 13 National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)-specific common quality indicators (QIs) in the haematology laboratory of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: NABL accredited a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study done in the haematology laboratory of NABH-recognised tertiary care teaching hospital over 5 years from January 2017 to April 2022 with a sample size of 1586,096. Quality parameters studied include sample rejection rates, sample redo rates, routine turnaround time (TAT), critical reports and their TAT, corrected reports, staining quality etc. The QI rates were calculated on a monthly basis, and trends were analysed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most common error was clotted sample 634 (0.04%), followed by rejection due to the misidentification of sample 128 (0.008%). Several monthly critical alerts showed an upward trend (P = 0.045) which could be attributed to increased awareness amongst laboratory staff. Redo rates showed no significant change in trend over the study period. Conclusion: Updating the knowledge on laboratory services, adequate training of the staff and sensitisation about the importance of the QIs in all three phases will help minimise errors.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"75 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22
Nancy Joshi, B. Dave, Viral Thakker, A. Dave, Mahendrakumar Katariya, Kandarp Raj
Introduction: This study aimed to clinically and radiographically compare the regenerative effects of open flap debridement alone and in combination with concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the treatment of periodontal three-walled infrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected from the outpatient department of periodontology. A split-mouth study was conducted and bilateral or contralateral defects were divided into two groups using computer-generated randomisation sheets-control site (open flap debridement alone) and case site (open flap debridement with CGF). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters as compared to the control group. At 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed improved bone fill as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Present study indicates that CGF, as a biological material has the property to enhance wound healing and result in mean pocket depth reduction of periodontal infrabony defects. In addition, long-term, multicentered randomised, controlled clinical researches will be required to better understand the clinical and radiographic effects of CGF on periodontal regeneration.
{"title":"Comparison of clinical parameters between the treatment of infrabony defects with and without concentrated growth factors in open flap debridement: In vivo study","authors":"Nancy Joshi, B. Dave, Viral Thakker, A. Dave, Mahendrakumar Katariya, Kandarp Raj","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to clinically and radiographically compare the regenerative effects of open flap debridement alone and in combination with concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the treatment of periodontal three-walled infrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected from the outpatient department of periodontology. A split-mouth study was conducted and bilateral or contralateral defects were divided into two groups using computer-generated randomisation sheets-control site (open flap debridement alone) and case site (open flap debridement with CGF). Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Radiographic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months postoperatively. Results: At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed statistically significant improvement in clinical parameters as compared to the control group. At 6 months postoperatively, the test group showed improved bone fill as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Present study indicates that CGF, as a biological material has the property to enhance wound healing and result in mean pocket depth reduction of periodontal infrabony defects. In addition, long-term, multicentered randomised, controlled clinical researches will be required to better understand the clinical and radiographic effects of CGF on periodontal regeneration.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"38 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45788687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22
Namrata Dagli, Rushabh J Dagli, L. Thangavelu
Fifth-generation mobile technology is supposed to revolutionise the world. It has many features which can benefit humankind, but at the same time, it will expose us to much radiation. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and ill effects of 5 G technology. An online literature search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases from April 2021 to May 2021, using the Boolean operators OR, AND and NOT and the keywords '5G Network', 'Human tissues', and 'Animal tissues'. The literature is very scarce in studies on the effects of millimetre waves on various tissues. A total of 1269 studies were identified, and 24 were selected for qualitative evidence synthesis. Randomised control trials, laboratory studies, in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies and ex-vivo studies were included. Data from the studies were collected using the data extraction form, and all the relevant information was summarized. Five of 24 studies were done on animals, four on humans, five on models, and ten on various cells. Ten of 24 studies demonstrated the harmful effects of millimetre waves. Results are ambivalent, and no association is found between particular frequency and impact on tissue, animals or humans. Pathophysiological effects observed in most studies were mild, reversible, and limited to the cellular level. Available evidence reported temperature rise after millimetre wave exposure, which was within safety limits. Any biological impact on a cellular level noticed due to radiation's thermal effects were insignificant and did not affect the organ level. However, only a few studies have mentioned non-thermal impact, but those effects should not be overlooked. Clinical trials on a large population and for a longer duration are required to establish the safety of millimetre waves before deploying a 5G network worldwide.
{"title":"Interaction of millimetre waves used in 5G network with cells and tissues of head-and-neck region: A literature review","authors":"Namrata Dagli, Rushabh J Dagli, L. Thangavelu","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_133_22","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth-generation mobile technology is supposed to revolutionise the world. It has many features which can benefit humankind, but at the same time, it will expose us to much radiation. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and ill effects of 5 G technology. An online literature search was conducted through PubMed and Scopus databases from April 2021 to May 2021, using the Boolean operators OR, AND and NOT and the keywords '5G Network', 'Human tissues', and 'Animal tissues'. The literature is very scarce in studies on the effects of millimetre waves on various tissues. A total of 1269 studies were identified, and 24 were selected for qualitative evidence synthesis. Randomised control trials, laboratory studies, in-vitro studies, in-vivo studies and ex-vivo studies were included. Data from the studies were collected using the data extraction form, and all the relevant information was summarized. Five of 24 studies were done on animals, four on humans, five on models, and ten on various cells. Ten of 24 studies demonstrated the harmful effects of millimetre waves. Results are ambivalent, and no association is found between particular frequency and impact on tissue, animals or humans. Pathophysiological effects observed in most studies were mild, reversible, and limited to the cellular level. Available evidence reported temperature rise after millimetre wave exposure, which was within safety limits. Any biological impact on a cellular level noticed due to radiation's thermal effects were insignificant and did not affect the organ level. However, only a few studies have mentioned non-thermal impact, but those effects should not be overlooked. Clinical trials on a large population and for a longer duration are required to establish the safety of millimetre waves before deploying a 5G network worldwide.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"168 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22
Pragati Sisodia, H. Khan, N. Shukla, Richa Rathoria, Ekansh Rathoria, Utkarsh Bansal, Ram Shukla
Introduction: The admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful predicament for parents. This study aims to evaluate parental stress levels and the factors impacting them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary care centre for 3 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics of parents, neonates and Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) to measure parental stress. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Results: P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the parents reported medium stress levels (3–3.9). The mean total parental stress score of parents was 3.31 (0.36). Amongst the PSS: NICU subscales, the NICU sight and sound caused maximum stress to the parents (mean = 3.35 [0.48]) followed by the relationship with the baby and parental role (mean = 3.34 [0.44]). Mothers felt more stressed as compared to fathers (mean = 3.60 [0.23] vs. 3.08 [0.28]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher parental stress levels were seen in lower age group (18–25 years), less than high school education, unemployed and previous history of neonatal death, outborn deliveries, pre-term (gestational age <37 weeks), birth weight <1500 g, longer duration of respiratory support (>3 days), intubated with ventilatory support, not started on feeds and not given kangaroo mother care. Parents of NICU-admitted neonates are under significant stress, and there is a necessity to provide family-centred care.
{"title":"Estimation of stress amongst the parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit","authors":"Pragati Sisodia, H. Khan, N. Shukla, Richa Rathoria, Ekansh Rathoria, Utkarsh Bansal, Ram Shukla","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_132_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The admission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can be a stressful predicament for parents. This study aims to evaluate parental stress levels and the factors impacting them. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the NICU of a tertiary care centre for 3 months. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics of parents, neonates and Parental Stressor Scale: NICU (PSS: NICU) to measure parental stress. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an independent t-test. Results: P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Most of the parents reported medium stress levels (3–3.9). The mean total parental stress score of parents was 3.31 (0.36). Amongst the PSS: NICU subscales, the NICU sight and sound caused maximum stress to the parents (mean = 3.35 [0.48]) followed by the relationship with the baby and parental role (mean = 3.34 [0.44]). Mothers felt more stressed as compared to fathers (mean = 3.60 [0.23] vs. 3.08 [0.28]; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Higher parental stress levels were seen in lower age group (18–25 years), less than high school education, unemployed and previous history of neonatal death, outborn deliveries, pre-term (gestational age <37 weeks), birth weight <1500 g, longer duration of respiratory support (>3 days), intubated with ventilatory support, not started on feeds and not given kangaroo mother care. Parents of NICU-admitted neonates are under significant stress, and there is a necessity to provide family-centred care.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"205 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43868070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foram Patel, Megha Patel, Rohan Bhatt, Kaushal Joshi
Introduction: Multiple systems are available for chemo-mechanical preparation during pulpectomy, but an evolution of the exclusive paediatric rotary single file system has opened new doors in paediatric endodontics. The aim was primarily to compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time and secondarily to report pain perception between manual files and rotary file systems in deciduous molars. Materials and Methods: Pulpectomy was performed in 60 carious mandibular primary molars indicated for pulpectomy in children aged 4–8 years after considering the selection criteria. These teeth were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each, wherein canals were prepared using Hand K files in Group 1, HeroShaper Rotary File System in Group 2 and Kedo S Square single paediatric rotary file in Group 3. The quality of obturation was assessed using intraoral radiographs, and instrumentation time was recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Pain during instrumentation was assessed using Wong Baker's FACES Pain Scale. Collected data were subjected to analysis using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Mean instrumentation time was least for the Kedo-S Square file system (57.47 ± 9.26), followed by the HeroShaper group (99.6 ± 23.62), and maximum time was recorded for Hand files (255.99 ± 46.20), and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00), whereas there was no significant difference regarding the quality of obturation and pain perception between the three groups. Conclusion: As the Kedo S Square system showed the fastest canal preparation, it can be recommended for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth because the length of appointment is directly proportional to the behaviour of the child.
引言：牙髓切除术期间有多种系统可用于化学机械制备，但独家儿科旋转单文件系统的发展为儿科牙髓病学打开了新的大门。目的主要是比较闭孔质量和器械时间，其次报告乳牙手动锉和旋转锉系统之间的疼痛感知。材料和方法：在考虑选择标准后，对60颗适合4-8岁儿童牙髓切除术的下颌龋性第一磨牙进行了牙髓切除术。将这些牙齿随机分为三组，每组20颗，其中使用第1组中的Hand K锉、第2组中的HeroShaper旋转锉系统和第3组中的Kedo S Square单儿科旋转锉制备牙管。使用口腔内射线照片评估充填质量，并使用秒表记录仪器时间（以秒为单位）。使用Wong Baker的FACES疼痛量表评估器械过程中的疼痛。使用卡方检验、单因素方差分析和诚实显著性差异事后检验对收集的数据进行分析。结果：Kedo-S Square文件系统的平均器械时间最少（57.47±9.26），其次是HeroShaper组（99.6±23.62），Hand文件记录的最长器械时间为（255.99±46.20），这一差异具有统计学意义（P=0.00），而三组之间在闭孔质量和疼痛感知方面没有显著差异。结论：由于Kedo S Square系统显示出最快的牙髓管预备，因此可以推荐用于乳牙的牙髓切除术，因为预约时间与儿童的行为直接成正比。
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of quality of obturation and instrumentation time using different file systems in deciduous molars: A randomised clinical trial","authors":"Foram Patel, Megha Patel, Rohan Bhatt, Kaushal Joshi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_22_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_22_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multiple systems are available for chemo-mechanical preparation during pulpectomy, but an evolution of the exclusive paediatric rotary single file system has opened new doors in paediatric endodontics. The aim was primarily to compare the quality of obturation and instrumentation time and secondarily to report pain perception between manual files and rotary file systems in deciduous molars. Materials and Methods: Pulpectomy was performed in 60 carious mandibular primary molars indicated for pulpectomy in children aged 4–8 years after considering the selection criteria. These teeth were divided randomly into three groups of 20 each, wherein canals were prepared using Hand K files in Group 1, HeroShaper Rotary File System in Group 2 and Kedo S Square single paediatric rotary file in Group 3. The quality of obturation was assessed using intraoral radiographs, and instrumentation time was recorded in seconds using a stopwatch. Pain during instrumentation was assessed using Wong Baker's FACES Pain Scale. Collected data were subjected to analysis using the Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA and Honestly Significant Difference post hoc test. Results: Mean instrumentation time was least for the Kedo-S Square file system (57.47 ± 9.26), followed by the HeroShaper group (99.6 ± 23.62), and maximum time was recorded for Hand files (255.99 ± 46.20), and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00), whereas there was no significant difference regarding the quality of obturation and pain perception between the three groups. Conclusion: As the Kedo S Square system showed the fastest canal preparation, it can be recommended for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth because the length of appointment is directly proportional to the behaviour of the child.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"211 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49025306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. L. Lateef Junaid, W. Sami, Hamad Aldhafiri, Jehad Alabdulmonyem, Abdulkarim Alenazi, A. Kaseb
Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all prospective of life have been affected by the situation. As a result of which, many universities adopted the online way of teaching instead of the traditional classroom teaching or by blending both together. This study was carried out with the objective to assess the perception of teachers and students regarding classes taken online versus those taken in the classroom. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students and faculty members of the medical college at Majmaah University, KSA, from October 2020 to April 2021. Results: The study found that the majority of teachers have disagreed (91%) that online classes were more effective than classroom mode, and regarding the overall perception of teachers for classes taken online and in the classroom, 62% of teachers agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, whereas 38% disagreed; 61% of students agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, and 39% disagreed. Conclusion: Educational institutions should be ready to handle pandemic-like situations without disrupting educational activities and to achieve this, appropriate training of the faculty members and students should be carried out to make online teaching effective and also to minimise any associated disturbing factors.
{"title":"Impact of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students and faculty members: A cross-sectional study from Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"M. L. Lateef Junaid, W. Sami, Hamad Aldhafiri, Jehad Alabdulmonyem, Abdulkarim Alenazi, A. Kaseb","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_49_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_49_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all prospective of life have been affected by the situation. As a result of which, many universities adopted the online way of teaching instead of the traditional classroom teaching or by blending both together. This study was carried out with the objective to assess the perception of teachers and students regarding classes taken online versus those taken in the classroom. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among students and faculty members of the medical college at Majmaah University, KSA, from October 2020 to April 2021. Results: The study found that the majority of teachers have disagreed (91%) that online classes were more effective than classroom mode, and regarding the overall perception of teachers for classes taken online and in the classroom, 62% of teachers agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, whereas 38% disagreed; 61% of students agreed that online classes were better than classroom mode, and 39% disagreed. Conclusion: Educational institutions should be ready to handle pandemic-like situations without disrupting educational activities and to achieve this, appropriate training of the faculty members and students should be carried out to make online teaching effective and also to minimise any associated disturbing factors.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"218 - 222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The accumulative consequence of all antioxidants that exist in the blood and body fluids is called total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The major objective of this investigation is to determine the correlation between TAOC and pathology results in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: Based on the cross-sectional method, 35 patients with NMIBC and 35 controls (healthy characters) were studied. Biochemical and haematological variables were achieved and noted for each individual. Two blood samples (n = 5 ml) from each patient were obtained and analysed using Trolox standard immunoassay kit. Three groups were made according to the pathology results. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were not any significant differences (P = 0.12) between the mean age of patients and controls (60.7 vs. 59.5 years old) correspondingly. The mean value of TAOC (μmol/L) was significantly (P = 0.005) lower in patients when compared to controls (24.5 μmol/L vs. 94 μmol/L), respectively. In patients with NMIBC, sodium, magnesium, calcium, albumin, MCH, MCHC, VHCO3, haemoglobin, haematocrit and lymph were lower than the normal range. Blood sugar, creatinine, prothrombin time and white blood cells were higher than the normal range. The mean TAOC was as follows: papillary cell carcinoma (26.3 μmol/L), radical cystectomy (19 μmol/L) and high-grade bladder cancer (15.9 μmol/L). Conclusion: As deregulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence is two important components, in this study, there was high variation in TAOC according to pathology results. Combing individual TAOC and pathology results might be able to contribute to the advanced management of NMIBC. Further studies in this direction seem to be advantageous.
{"title":"Determination of total antioxidant capacity in patients with bladder cancer and its correlation with the results of pathology","authors":"Z. Tolou_Ghamari, H. Mazdak","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_68_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The accumulative consequence of all antioxidants that exist in the blood and body fluids is called total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The major objective of this investigation is to determine the correlation between TAOC and pathology results in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: Based on the cross-sectional method, 35 patients with NMIBC and 35 controls (healthy characters) were studied. Biochemical and haematological variables were achieved and noted for each individual. Two blood samples (n = 5 ml) from each patient were obtained and analysed using Trolox standard immunoassay kit. Three groups were made according to the pathology results. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were not any significant differences (P = 0.12) between the mean age of patients and controls (60.7 vs. 59.5 years old) correspondingly. The mean value of TAOC (μmol/L) was significantly (P = 0.005) lower in patients when compared to controls (24.5 μmol/L vs. 94 μmol/L), respectively. In patients with NMIBC, sodium, magnesium, calcium, albumin, MCH, MCHC, VHCO3, haemoglobin, haematocrit and lymph were lower than the normal range. Blood sugar, creatinine, prothrombin time and white blood cells were higher than the normal range. The mean TAOC was as follows: papillary cell carcinoma (26.3 μmol/L), radical cystectomy (19 μmol/L) and high-grade bladder cancer (15.9 μmol/L). Conclusion: As deregulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence is two important components, in this study, there was high variation in TAOC according to pathology results. Combing individual TAOC and pathology results might be able to contribute to the advanced management of NMIBC. Further studies in this direction seem to be advantageous.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"223 - 226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47294213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_126_21
Vaibhav Khare, R. Rastogi, Amit Mishra, N. Verma, V. Bhandari, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Sunil Kumar, Vijai Pratap, Nitishkumar Yeshlawat, Aditi Khare
Introduction: Modern society is experiencing a noticeable increase in the prevalence of colorectal disease due to a variety of causes, including changes in lifestyle and dietary habits as well as increased use of a variety of chemicals in the form of preservatives flavouring agents and stabilisers. Colorectal diseases are a cause of significant morbidity, hence, often gaining attention early in the disease. Although colonoscopy is a standard, the preferred tool for diagnosis and at times for management is often uncomfortable for the patient besides being incomplete in a significant percentage of patients. Hence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in recent years for the evaluation of colorectal diseases not only due to its non-invasive nature but also due to lack of radiation, a boon over computed tomography, which is considered a standard imaging tool. Hence, we planned this pilot study to evaluate the role of MRI in our tertiary care, medical college and hospital. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with signs and symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated by 1.5T MRI followed by conventional, flexible, fibreoptic colonoscopy on the same day after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and after obtaining written informed consent using strict criteria. Appropriate statistical methods and tools were used to evaluate the results from the data of MRI and colonoscopy that was recorded in predesigned pro forma and compared with the final tissue diagnosis. Results: Both the median and mean age of patients in our study were 40–45 years with male predominance (M:F = 4:1). Altered bowel habits followed by bleeding per rectum were the most common presentations seen in more than 90% of patients. Both MRI and colonoscopy misdiagnosed the lesions as malignant with higher errors by MRI. MRI had high sensitivity and negative predictive value in diagnosing a malignant lesion with moderate accuracy approaching 70%. In contrast, colonoscopy was superior in specificity and positive predictive value with higher accuracy of 80%. Conclusion: Although conventional colonoscopy is the standard tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases, several shortcomings of colonoscopy, including its invasive nature, several contraindications and risk of complications coupled with low yield limits, are used as a screening tool. However, non-invasive and radiation-free MRI with its high sensitivity and negative predictive value for malignant lesions make it preferable as a screening tool in the evaluation of colorectal diseases.
{"title":"Role of magnetic resonance imaging in colorectal diseases","authors":"Vaibhav Khare, R. Rastogi, Amit Mishra, N. Verma, V. Bhandari, Ashutosh Kumar Singh, Sunil Kumar, Vijai Pratap, Nitishkumar Yeshlawat, Aditi Khare","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_126_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_126_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Modern society is experiencing a noticeable increase in the prevalence of colorectal disease due to a variety of causes, including changes in lifestyle and dietary habits as well as increased use of a variety of chemicals in the form of preservatives flavouring agents and stabilisers. Colorectal diseases are a cause of significant morbidity, hence, often gaining attention early in the disease. Although colonoscopy is a standard, the preferred tool for diagnosis and at times for management is often uncomfortable for the patient besides being incomplete in a significant percentage of patients. Hence, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained importance in recent years for the evaluation of colorectal diseases not only due to its non-invasive nature but also due to lack of radiation, a boon over computed tomography, which is considered a standard imaging tool. Hence, we planned this pilot study to evaluate the role of MRI in our tertiary care, medical college and hospital. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with signs and symptoms of colorectal disease were evaluated by 1.5T MRI followed by conventional, flexible, fibreoptic colonoscopy on the same day after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee and after obtaining written informed consent using strict criteria. Appropriate statistical methods and tools were used to evaluate the results from the data of MRI and colonoscopy that was recorded in predesigned pro forma and compared with the final tissue diagnosis. Results: Both the median and mean age of patients in our study were 40–45 years with male predominance (M:F = 4:1). Altered bowel habits followed by bleeding per rectum were the most common presentations seen in more than 90% of patients. Both MRI and colonoscopy misdiagnosed the lesions as malignant with higher errors by MRI. MRI had high sensitivity and negative predictive value in diagnosing a malignant lesion with moderate accuracy approaching 70%. In contrast, colonoscopy was superior in specificity and positive predictive value with higher accuracy of 80%. Conclusion: Although conventional colonoscopy is the standard tool for the diagnosis of colorectal diseases, several shortcomings of colonoscopy, including its invasive nature, several contraindications and risk of complications coupled with low yield limits, are used as a screening tool. However, non-invasive and radiation-free MRI with its high sensitivity and negative predictive value for malignant lesions make it preferable as a screening tool in the evaluation of colorectal diseases.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"181 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21
Rekha Roat, Hemant Jingar, R. Verma, Mamta Damor
Introduction: Laparoscopic procedures have many advantages over open procedures, such as less haemorrhage, better cosmetic results, less post-operative pain and shorter recovery time, leading to a shorter hospital stay and less expenditure. Hence, the present study was undertaken for comparing the effect of intraperitoneal installation of levobupivacaine (L-B) plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized study conducted in our hospital on 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade I or II patients of either sex, aged 18–55 years, scheduled to undergo LC surgery under general anaesthesia. All patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each: Group 1: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% L-B plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal, and Group 2: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal. Post-operatively, the patients were assessed for pain utilizing a visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS was graded on a scale of 0–10. VAS was recorded at 0, 1, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively and compared. Results: Mean time to first analgesic requirement among patients of Group 1 and Group 2 was 365.1 min and 297.2 min, respectively, which shows a statistically significant longer post-operative analgesic effect in Group 1 patients. While comparing VAS at different time intervals in between the two study groups, all the readings were comparable. The difference was found to be non-significant in the two groups (P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were seen in two patients in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2. Complications were noted in <10% of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetic solution in LC provides effective post-operative analgesia, and analgesia provided by L-B plus dexmedetomidine is better than ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine.
腹腔镜手术比开放手术有许多优点，如出血少，美容效果好，术后疼痛少，恢复时间短，住院时间短，费用少。因此，本研究旨在比较左布比卡因(L-B)联合右美托咪定与罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定在腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)患者术后镇痛中的效果。材料与方法:本研究是在我院进行的一项前瞻性随机研究，对象为60例在全身麻醉下行LC手术的美国麻醉学会I级或II级患者，年龄18-55岁，男女均可。所有患者随机分为两组，每组30人，第1组:胆囊切除后腹腔给予0.5% L-B 20 ml + 0.25 μg/kg右美托咪定;第2组:胆囊切除后腹腔给予0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml + 0.25 μg/kg右美托咪定。术后，使用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估患者的疼痛。VAS评分为0-10分。分别于术后0、1、8、12、24 h进行VAS记录并比较。结果:第1组和第2组患者到达首次需要镇痛药的平均时间分别为365.1 min和297.2 min，第1组患者术后镇痛效果较长，差异有统计学意义。在比较两个研究组在不同时间间隔的VAS时，所有读数都具有可比性。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。1组2例恶心呕吐，2组3例恶心呕吐。两组患者并发症发生率均<10%。结论:LC腹腔注射局麻液能有效地实现术后镇痛，且L-B联合右美托咪定的镇痛效果优于罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定。
{"title":"Intraperitoneal instillation of levobupivacaine plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy","authors":"Rekha Roat, Hemant Jingar, R. Verma, Mamta Damor","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_123_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Laparoscopic procedures have many advantages over open procedures, such as less haemorrhage, better cosmetic results, less post-operative pain and shorter recovery time, leading to a shorter hospital stay and less expenditure. Hence, the present study was undertaken for comparing the effect of intraperitoneal installation of levobupivacaine (L-B) plus dexmedetomidine versus ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective randomized study conducted in our hospital on 60 American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade I or II patients of either sex, aged 18–55 years, scheduled to undergo LC surgery under general anaesthesia. All patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each: Group 1: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% L-B plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal, and Group 2: Patients were given 20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine plus 0.25-μg/kg dexmedetomidine intraperitoneally after gallbladder removal. Post-operatively, the patients were assessed for pain utilizing a visual analogue scale (VAS). VAS was graded on a scale of 0–10. VAS was recorded at 0, 1, 8, 12 and 24 h post-operatively and compared. Results: Mean time to first analgesic requirement among patients of Group 1 and Group 2 was 365.1 min and 297.2 min, respectively, which shows a statistically significant longer post-operative analgesic effect in Group 1 patients. While comparing VAS at different time intervals in between the two study groups, all the readings were comparable. The difference was found to be non-significant in the two groups (P > 0.05). Nausea and vomiting were seen in two patients in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2. Complications were noted in <10% of the patients in both groups. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetic solution in LC provides effective post-operative analgesia, and analgesia provided by L-B plus dexmedetomidine is better than ropivacaine plus dexmedetomidine.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"177 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47059516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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