Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_144_23
Rahnuma Ahmad, Mainul Haque
{"title":"Rethinking the Efficacy of Natural and Synthetic Folic Acid on Human Health and Looking into a Better Alternative","authors":"Rahnuma Ahmad, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_144_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_144_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"141 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dengue Dynamics: A Global Update","authors":"R. Yousuf, Md Wasek Salam, Shaima Akter, Susmita Sinha, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_135_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_135_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"94 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-26DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_23
Tiyani Milta Sono, Vanda Marković-Peković, Brian Godman
{"title":"Effective Programmes to Reduce Inappropriate Dispensing of Antibiotics in Community Pharmacies Especially in Developing Countries","authors":"Tiyani Milta Sono, Vanda Marković-Peković, Brian Godman","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_128_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"19 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Embryonic stem cells are candidates for the treatment of regenerative medicine, but their use is faced with limitations due to ethical issues. The human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are appropriate options because the cells have no ethical difficulties and have self-renewal. Senescence is known as a gradual functional loss that heterogeneously occurs in multiple organ systems. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular senescence process in human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells. Materials and Methods: Umbilical cord was obtained from healthy newborns at the General Hospital of Tabriz. Under sterile conditions, Wharton's jelly was removed from the blood vessels and minced into small pieces of about 0.5 mm. These were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (MSC medium). Real-time polymerase chain reaction for p16INK4a and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to investigate the cellular senescence process. Results: The results showed the different expressions in the different passages, but it was significantly increased from the fifth passage compared to the first passage. SA-β-gal staining also showed increased colour intensity in the fifth passage compared to the first passage. Conclusion: SA-β-gal is not a specific marker for senescence, while p16INK4a is a specific marker. Further studies are required for the investigation of the senescence mechanism, such as the evaluation of genes involved in the senescence.
{"title":"Study of the cellular senescence process in human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells","authors":"S. Hejazi, M. Maleki, Morteza Rasekh","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Embryonic stem cells are candidates for the treatment of regenerative medicine, but their use is faced with limitations due to ethical issues. The human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are appropriate options because the cells have no ethical difficulties and have self-renewal. Senescence is known as a gradual functional loss that heterogeneously occurs in multiple organ systems. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular senescence process in human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal cells. Materials and Methods: Umbilical cord was obtained from healthy newborns at the General Hospital of Tabriz. Under sterile conditions, Wharton's jelly was removed from the blood vessels and minced into small pieces of about 0.5 mm. These were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (MSC medium). Real-time polymerase chain reaction for p16INK4a and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was performed to investigate the cellular senescence process. Results: The results showed the different expressions in the different passages, but it was significantly increased from the fifth passage compared to the first passage. SA-β-gal staining also showed increased colour intensity in the fifth passage compared to the first passage. Conclusion: SA-β-gal is not a specific marker for senescence, while p16INK4a is a specific marker. Further studies are required for the investigation of the senescence mechanism, such as the evaluation of genes involved in the senescence.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"361 - 366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70643802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Prostate cancer is primarily a disease that occurs in the elderly age group amongst men above 65 years of age. The relationship between the Bcl-2 and Bax genes and the Gleason staging of prostate cancer has not been studied in depth, and there is a dearth of published Indian research on the subject. Hence, this study aims to comprehend how the apoptotic mechanism relates to prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion (expression) of Bcl-2 and BAX genes in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and to observe the correlation of Bcl-2 and BAX gene association with Gleason scoring in PCa. Materials and Methods: Transurethral resected prostatic Chips positive for PCa and paraffin blocks were evaluated for the study. H-score system was used based on the cytoplasmic staining into negative mild, moderate and strong cytoplasmic staining. Results: Fifty cases were analysed. There was a notable relationship between Gleason grade and tumour size, and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were in an increasing manner with Gleason's grade except at Grade 3, with the majority of cases falling into Gleason grade 5 (42%) and PSA levels falling into the range of 90–99 (28%), tumour size falling into the range of 3.1–6 cm (44%), T4 stage (34%) and metastasis (80%). Conclusion: This study concluded that PSA levels in cases of prostate cancer patients were showing an increasing trend with Gleason grade. This demonstrated a striking correlation between Gleason grade and H score BCL2, but not one that was particularly significant for the BAX gene.
{"title":"Expression of BAX and Bcl-2 gene in prostate carcinoma and its correlation with Gleason score","authors":"Subhashis Das, Aiswarya Unnithan, S. Nadipanna","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_46_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_46_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Prostate cancer is primarily a disease that occurs in the elderly age group amongst men above 65 years of age. The relationship between the Bcl-2 and Bax genes and the Gleason staging of prostate cancer has not been studied in depth, and there is a dearth of published Indian research on the subject. Hence, this study aims to comprehend how the apoptotic mechanism relates to prostate cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the proportion (expression) of Bcl-2 and BAX genes in prostate carcinoma (PCa) and to observe the correlation of Bcl-2 and BAX gene association with Gleason scoring in PCa. Materials and Methods: Transurethral resected prostatic Chips positive for PCa and paraffin blocks were evaluated for the study. H-score system was used based on the cytoplasmic staining into negative mild, moderate and strong cytoplasmic staining. Results: Fifty cases were analysed. There was a notable relationship between Gleason grade and tumour size, and levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were in an increasing manner with Gleason's grade except at Grade 3, with the majority of cases falling into Gleason grade 5 (42%) and PSA levels falling into the range of 90–99 (28%), tumour size falling into the range of 3.1–6 cm (44%), T4 stage (34%) and metastasis (80%). Conclusion: This study concluded that PSA levels in cases of prostate cancer patients were showing an increasing trend with Gleason grade. This demonstrated a striking correlation between Gleason grade and H score BCL2, but not one that was particularly significant for the BAX gene.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"344 - 349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70645247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_158_22
Hemal Joshi, Neelampari Parikh, C. Nandini, G. Bhatt, Sandeep Jain, Ashwini Parmar
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. Recent work indicates that morphological and molecular characteristics of tumour cells at invasive tumor fronts (ITF) underlie the biological aggressiveness of OSCC. The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of invasion (POI) (Type I to V) at tumour–host interface in 150 primary and 50 secondary OSCC cases. Materials and Methods: Both pre-dominant POI and worst POI was evaluated in all cases. Pre-dominant pattern of invasion and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) were compared with Broder's grading system. Statistical analysis was done using a statistical software package (SPSS) and Fisher's exact test. Results: Results showed that the WPOI pattern also moves towards higher scores as the grade increases. Conclusion: We thus conclude that POI could serve as an individual prognostic marker irrespective of the histologic differentiation of the tumour.
{"title":"Evaluation of invasive tumour front in primary and secondary oral squamous cell carcinoma – A reliable prognostic parameter","authors":"Hemal Joshi, Neelampari Parikh, C. Nandini, G. Bhatt, Sandeep Jain, Ashwini Parmar","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_158_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_158_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant epithelial neoplasm affecting the oral cavity. Recent work indicates that morphological and molecular characteristics of tumour cells at invasive tumor fronts (ITF) underlie the biological aggressiveness of OSCC. The aim of the study was to compare the pattern of invasion (POI) (Type I to V) at tumour–host interface in 150 primary and 50 secondary OSCC cases. Materials and Methods: Both pre-dominant POI and worst POI was evaluated in all cases. Pre-dominant pattern of invasion and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) were compared with Broder's grading system. Statistical analysis was done using a statistical software package (SPSS) and Fisher's exact test. Results: Results showed that the WPOI pattern also moves towards higher scores as the grade increases. Conclusion: We thus conclude that POI could serve as an individual prognostic marker irrespective of the histologic differentiation of the tumour.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"322 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70643466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_206_22
Parisa Zeynali, Vahid Tambrchi, Emad Behboudi
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 encodes ORF8a as viroporin and ORF8b as NLRP3 activator?","authors":"Parisa Zeynali, Vahid Tambrchi, Emad Behboudi","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_206_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_206_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"293 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46047098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for one-third of the nosocomial infections. As drug repurposing is an excellent method to develop new antimicrobials, the present study is a trial to repurpose the anti-depression drug sertraline against two of the major CAUTI causing, biofilm forming bacteria viz., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used in repurposing sertraline against E. faecalis and E. coli, to find out the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug. The anti-biofilm activity of the drug was also studied. Results: Sertraline (concentrations given within brackets) produced growth inhibition zones against E. faecalis as: 23 mm (125 μg), 24 mm (150 μg) and 26 mm (200 μg) and against E. coli as: 14 mm (125 μg), 15 mm (150 μg) and 17 mm (200 μg), respectively. Against both of the pathogens, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug was found to be 75 μg/ml, and at this concentration, the drug prevented the colony formation by these bacteria on polystyrene surfaces. The drug reduced the biofilms of E. faecalis and E. coli by 62% and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: When repurposed against E. faecalis and E. coli sertraline showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-adhesive activities, repurposing being one of the easiest ways to develop new drugs against bacterial pathogens, the authors suggest for further studies on repurposing sertraline for its clinical applications.
导读:导尿管相关性尿路感染(CAUTIs)占院内感染的三分之一。由于药物再利用是开发新型抗菌素的一种极好的方法，本研究是一项将抗抑郁药物舍曲林用于两种主要引起CAUTI的生物膜形成细菌即粪肠球菌和大肠杆菌的试验。材料与方法:采用琼脂扩散法和微量稀释法对舍曲林对粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌进行复配，测定其抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度。并对其抗生物膜活性进行了研究。结果:舍曲林(括号内给出的浓度)对粪肠杆菌的生长抑制区分别为23 mm (125 μg)、24 mm (150 μg)和26 mm (200 μg)，对大肠杆菌的生长抑制区分别为14 mm (125 μg)、15 mm (150 μg)和17 mm (200 μg)。对这两种病原菌，药物的最低抑制浓度为75 μg/ml，在此浓度下，药物可以阻止这些细菌在聚苯乙烯表面形成菌落。该药物使粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的生物膜分别减少62%和69%。结论:舍曲林重新利用后对粪肠杆菌和大肠杆菌具有良好的抗菌、抗生物膜和抗黏附活性，是开发抗细菌病原菌新药的最简便途径之一，值得进一步研究其重新利用的临床应用。
{"title":"Repurposing the anti-depression drug sertraline against catheter-associated urinary tract infections","authors":"M. Poyil, Mohammed Khan, Meiyazhagan Gowri","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_9_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_9_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for one-third of the nosocomial infections. As drug repurposing is an excellent method to develop new antimicrobials, the present study is a trial to repurpose the anti-depression drug sertraline against two of the major CAUTI causing, biofilm forming bacteria viz., Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution methods were used in repurposing sertraline against E. faecalis and E. coli, to find out the antibacterial activity and the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug. The anti-biofilm activity of the drug was also studied. Results: Sertraline (concentrations given within brackets) produced growth inhibition zones against E. faecalis as: 23 mm (125 μg), 24 mm (150 μg) and 26 mm (200 μg) and against E. coli as: 14 mm (125 μg), 15 mm (150 μg) and 17 mm (200 μg), respectively. Against both of the pathogens, the minimal inhibitory concentration of the drug was found to be 75 μg/ml, and at this concentration, the drug prevented the colony formation by these bacteria on polystyrene surfaces. The drug reduced the biofilms of E. faecalis and E. coli by 62% and 69%, respectively. Conclusion: When repurposed against E. faecalis and E. coli sertraline showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-adhesive activities, repurposing being one of the easiest ways to develop new drugs against bacterial pathogens, the authors suggest for further studies on repurposing sertraline for its clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"271 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The vital role of forensic medicine as a 'hidden curriculum' in medical education: Current perspectives","authors":"Mainul Haque, N. Razak","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_61_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"229 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45582366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Wet-fixed smear study routinely used to identify several pre-cancerous and cancerous tumours. By contrasting cellular preservation and staining quality in rehydration smears with wet-fixed smears, the current study aims to establish the effects of rehydration on air-dried smears. Materials and Methods: One hundred paired samples are compared. Wet fixing was done in the first place. Air-dried samples are rehydrated for 30 s with regular saline and then placed in 95% ethanol for 30 min. Both smears will undergo screening, evaluation and grading for numerous cytomorphological factors after Pap staining. The 2014 Bethesda system was used to report the cervical smear results. Results: When evaluated for numerous cellular properties, statistically significant similarities can be seen between two groups, one with wet-fixed smears and the other with rehydrated air-dried smears. The results of the cytological diagnosis comparison between the two groups can be shown in the agreement. Rehydrated air-dried smear interpretation and staining quality are significantly superior to traditional wet smears. Conclusions: Rehydration air-dried techniques can be used instead of traditional wet fixation methods and are as effective when used alone or with traditional wet-fixed smears.
{"title":"Pros and cons of air-dried and conventional wet-fixed Pap smears: An institutional study","authors":"A. Mary, Subhashish Das, S. Sheela","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Wet-fixed smear study routinely used to identify several pre-cancerous and cancerous tumours. By contrasting cellular preservation and staining quality in rehydration smears with wet-fixed smears, the current study aims to establish the effects of rehydration on air-dried smears. Materials and Methods: One hundred paired samples are compared. Wet fixing was done in the first place. Air-dried samples are rehydrated for 30 s with regular saline and then placed in 95% ethanol for 30 min. Both smears will undergo screening, evaluation and grading for numerous cytomorphological factors after Pap staining. The 2014 Bethesda system was used to report the cervical smear results. Results: When evaluated for numerous cellular properties, statistically significant similarities can be seen between two groups, one with wet-fixed smears and the other with rehydrated air-dried smears. The results of the cytological diagnosis comparison between the two groups can be shown in the agreement. Rehydrated air-dried smear interpretation and staining quality are significantly superior to traditional wet smears. Conclusions: Rehydration air-dried techniques can be used instead of traditional wet fixation methods and are as effective when used alone or with traditional wet-fixed smears.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"277 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42067240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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