Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_148_23
S. Vasudevan, Anurag Mehta, Himanshu Rohela
Undifferentiated round cell tumours (URCTs) are rare and less researched Ewing-like mesenchymal tumours that primarily affect bones and soft tissues. Therapeutic options for advanced URCT are limited. Pazopanib, a multi-tyrosine kinase and angiogenesis inhibitor, is currently used for managing advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. However, its efficacy in the treatment of URCT remains uncertain and has not been established. In this study, we have cultured and characterised a patient-derived URCT cell line to understand the in vitro growth properties and anti-cancer agent sensitivity. Primary cell culture was performed by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of URCT tissue specimens to derive a cell line. Morphology, growth properties and immunological features characterised the cells. Further, the in vitro sensitivity for clinically used anti-cancer drugs was evaluated. The URCT cell line was established from a high-grade round-cell tumour patient. The cells had mesenchymal morphology and showed cyclin B3 (CCNB3) positivity, which was confirmed in the tissue from the patient. The cells exhibited an anchorage-independent growth property and aggregated to form spheroids in a non-adherent in vitro system. Anti-cancer agents vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide and pazopanib inhibited URCT cell proliferation. Pazopanib exhibited cytotoxic action in URCT cells, leading to cell death. This is an early report of cultured URCT cells expressing CCNB3, studied in vitro. The patient-derived model suggests the efficacy of pazopanib in URCT cells. The characterised line will be helpful to advance sarcoma studies.
{"title":"Efficacy of Pazopanib on Primary Patient-derived Undifferentiated Malignant Round Cell Sarcoma Line","authors":"S. Vasudevan, Anurag Mehta, Himanshu Rohela","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_148_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_148_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Undifferentiated round cell tumours (URCTs) are rare and less researched Ewing-like mesenchymal tumours that primarily affect bones and soft tissues. Therapeutic options for advanced URCT are limited. Pazopanib, a multi-tyrosine kinase and angiogenesis inhibitor, is currently used for managing advanced soft-tissue sarcoma. However, its efficacy in the treatment of URCT remains uncertain and has not been established. In this study, we have cultured and characterised a patient-derived URCT cell line to understand the in vitro growth properties and anti-cancer agent sensitivity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Primary cell culture was performed by mechanical and enzymatic dissociation of URCT tissue specimens to derive a cell line. Morphology, growth properties and immunological features characterised the cells. Further, the in vitro sensitivity for clinically used anti-cancer drugs was evaluated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The URCT cell line was established from a high-grade round-cell tumour patient. The cells had mesenchymal morphology and showed cyclin B3 (CCNB3) positivity, which was confirmed in the tissue from the patient. The cells exhibited an anchorage-independent growth property and aggregated to form spheroids in a non-adherent in vitro system. Anti-cancer agents vincristine, doxorubicin, etoposide and pazopanib inhibited URCT cell proliferation. Pazopanib exhibited cytotoxic action in URCT cells, leading to cell death.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is an early report of cultured URCT cells expressing CCNB3, studied in vitro. The patient-derived model suggests the efficacy of pazopanib in URCT cells. The characterised line will be helpful to advance sarcoma studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endodontic retreatment differs from initial root canal treatment. Various factors govern the success of root canal treatment, and failure to achieve any of these may lead to the failure of the therapy. Retreatment decisions differ amongst general practitioners and specialists and are dependent on several factors including educational background, work experience, knowledge and economic resources. A survey was conducted to compare the practice and knowledge regarding endodontic retreatment cases amongst general practitioners and endodontists. A questionnaire was constructed with questions based on common practice and knowledge of endodontic retreatment and was distributed to general practitioners and endodontists through electronic means and personal mail. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the responses by general dentists and specialists (endodontists). Within the limitations of this survey, it can be concluded that both the general practitioners and specialists (endodontists) have adequate knowledge and follow similar protocols when treating retreatment cases with minor differences in their approach.
{"title":"Comparison of Practice and Knowledge on Endodontic Retreatment amongst the General Practitioners and Endodontists: A Survey","authors":"Chandra Prabha, Chitharanjan Shetty, Gurmeen Kaur, S. Saji, Sunheri Bajpe, Rashi Shroff","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_35_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_35_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Endodontic retreatment differs from initial root canal treatment. Various factors govern the success of root canal treatment, and failure to achieve any of these may lead to the failure of the therapy. Retreatment decisions differ amongst general practitioners and specialists and are dependent on several factors including educational background, work experience, knowledge and economic resources. A survey was conducted to compare the practice and knowledge regarding endodontic retreatment cases amongst general practitioners and endodontists.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A questionnaire was constructed with questions based on common practice and knowledge of endodontic retreatment and was distributed to general practitioners and endodontists through electronic means and personal mail. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that there was no statistical difference in the responses by general dentists and specialists (endodontists).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Within the limitations of this survey, it can be concluded that both the general practitioners and specialists (endodontists) have adequate knowledge and follow similar protocols when treating retreatment cases with minor differences in their approach.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root coverage procedures are often carried out for compromised aesthetics, dentinal hypersensitivity, difficulty in the maintenance of plaque control, root caries and bone loss. Regenerative attempts are hindered by the root surface’s avascularity and microbiologically compromised condition. Furthermore, freshly created tissue needs to withstand the physical pressures of mastication and procedures related to the maintenance of oral hygiene by the patient. The key issues include surgical challenges, time and patients’ discomfort despite the various surgical methods that have been performed for the root coverage. The complications related to donor site, sparked interest for the development of newer innovative techniques that helps to meet patient’s aesthetic and functional needs. Pinhole surgical technique (PST) being minimally invasive is used in our study to treat gingival recession using amniotic membrane. A total of 20 participants were selected randomly with having Miller’s Class I or II recession. Each patient received thorough information on how to practice good oral hygiene. A scaling and root planning process was carried out across the entire mouth. Re-evaluation of research sites was done 1 month after phase I therapy to validate its appropriateness. PST was done randomly on the chosen sites, along with the application of amniotic membrane. All the clinical parameters i.e., recession depth (RD), recession width (RW) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were seen improving significantly at 6 months postoperatively compared to baseline except width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) (P = 0.08) and thickness of keratinized gingiva (TKG) (P = 0.14). All the clinical parameters i.e., RD (P = 0.017), RW (P = 0.017), probing depth (P = 0.03) and CAL (P = 0.05) improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively compared to baseline. However, WKG and TKG showed statistically insignificant changes at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.08, P = 0.14). Significant difference in Visual Analogue Scale score was seen postoperatively at day 1, 3 and 5. Pinhole surgical approach is used to treat Miller’s Class I–II recession. It may be a better option than the other techniques because it is less invasive, time and money efficient. For the establishment of a normal vasculature and early wound healing, the usage of amniotic membrane as an adjunct is a better alternative.
{"title":"The Pinhole Surgical Technique - A Distinct Approach for a Marginal Tissue Recession Coverage Using Amniotic Membrane","authors":"Chandni Patel, Vanraj Solanki, Vidhi Dattani, Shreya Gajjar, Gaurav Girdhar, Surabhi Joshi, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Root coverage procedures are often carried out for compromised aesthetics, dentinal hypersensitivity, difficulty in the maintenance of plaque control, root caries and bone loss. Regenerative attempts are hindered by the root surface’s avascularity and microbiologically compromised condition. Furthermore, freshly created tissue needs to withstand the physical pressures of mastication and procedures related to the maintenance of oral hygiene by the patient. The key issues include surgical challenges, time and patients’ discomfort despite the various surgical methods that have been performed for the root coverage. The complications related to donor site, sparked interest for the development of newer innovative techniques that helps to meet patient’s aesthetic and functional needs. Pinhole surgical technique (PST) being minimally invasive is used in our study to treat gingival recession using amniotic membrane.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 20 participants were selected randomly with having Miller’s Class I or II recession. Each patient received thorough information on how to practice good oral hygiene. A scaling and root planning process was carried out across the entire mouth. Re-evaluation of research sites was done 1 month after phase I therapy to validate its appropriateness. PST was done randomly on the chosen sites, along with the application of amniotic membrane.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All the clinical parameters i.e., recession depth (RD), recession width (RW) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were seen improving significantly at 6 months postoperatively compared to baseline except width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) (P = 0.08) and thickness of keratinized gingiva (TKG) (P = 0.14). All the clinical parameters i.e., RD (P = 0.017), RW (P = 0.017), probing depth (P = 0.03) and CAL (P = 0.05) improved significantly at 12 months postoperatively compared to baseline. However, WKG and TKG showed statistically insignificant changes at 12 months postoperatively (P = 0.08, P = 0.14). Significant difference in Visual Analogue Scale score was seen postoperatively at day 1, 3 and 5.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Pinhole surgical approach is used to treat Miller’s Class I–II recession. It may be a better option than the other techniques because it is less invasive, time and money efficient. For the establishment of a normal vasculature and early wound healing, the usage of amniotic membrane as an adjunct is a better alternative.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear and risk levels amongst different age groups utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) amongst the population of South West Coastal India. One hundred and sixty healthy people participated in the research (n = 32 per group). Using sextants and the BEWE, index (0–18) allowed for the evaluation of erosive tooth wear. Questionnaires supplemented clinical data. Each participant was assigned to groups based on the severity of their erosive wear: high (BEWE sum ≥ 14), moderate (BEWE sum 9–13), low (3–8) and none (0–2). There is no significant difference in the degree of erosive tooth wear across different age groups (χ2– 20.11, P – 0.067 [not-significant]). There is a significant difference in response to questions across different age groups (χ2 – 487.21, P – 0.01 [significant]). The prevalence of erosive tooth wear grows as individuals age. Older age groups, patients who are at a higher risk level require a more comprehensive form of treatment. The aetiology of dental erosion remained unknown to the patients, indicating a deficiency in their understanding of erosive tooth wear.
{"title":"Dental Erosive Wear Assessment amongst Different Age Groups Utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination: An Epidemiological Study","authors":"Anirudh Verma, D. K. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_36_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_36_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The study aims to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear and risk levels amongst different age groups utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) amongst the population of South West Coastal India.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One hundred and sixty healthy people participated in the research (n = 32 per group). Using sextants and the BEWE, index (0–18) allowed for the evaluation of erosive tooth wear. Questionnaires supplemented clinical data. Each participant was assigned to groups based on the severity of their erosive wear: high (BEWE sum ≥ 14), moderate (BEWE sum 9–13), low (3–8) and none (0–2).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is no significant difference in the degree of erosive tooth wear across different age groups (χ2– 20.11, P – 0.067 [not-significant]). There is a significant difference in response to questions across different age groups (χ2 – 487.21, P – 0.01 [significant]).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of erosive tooth wear grows as individuals age. Older age groups, patients who are at a higher risk level require a more comprehensive form of treatment. The aetiology of dental erosion remained unknown to the patients, indicating a deficiency in their understanding of erosive tooth wear.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The thorax, clavicula, scapula and humerus comprise the finite element musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism, which has been used to analyse its kinematic and dynamic behaviour. The study aims to reflect upon the analysis of the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the shoulder mechanism. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for literature published between 2000 and 2023. The scapulothoracic gliding plane’s motion restrictions, which convert the shoulder girdle into a closed-chain mechanism, are represented in the model along with 16 muscles, 3 joints and 3 extracapsular ligaments. The locations of the humerus and shoulder girdle that were recorded in ten subjects during loaded and unloaded humeral abduction and anteflexion are the input variables. The length dependence of electromyography (EMG) amplitude and the unknown force-length relationship makes it difficult to compare muscle force predictions and EMG measurements. The conclusion is that complicated musculoskeletal models cannot be validated using EMG amplitude. The force and moment balance of the three joints are used to examine the function of the muscles. This model allows for an investigation of the function of morphological components and offers useful insight into the mechanics of the shoulder mechanism.
{"title":"Assessment of Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Shoulder Mechanism","authors":"Mohammad Rehan Asad","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_40_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_40_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The thorax, clavicula, scapula and humerus comprise the finite element musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism, which has been used to analyse its kinematic and dynamic behaviour. The study aims to reflect upon the analysis of the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the shoulder mechanism.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for literature published between 2000 and 2023.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The scapulothoracic gliding plane’s motion restrictions, which convert the shoulder girdle into a closed-chain mechanism, are represented in the model along with 16 muscles, 3 joints and 3 extracapsular ligaments. The locations of the humerus and shoulder girdle that were recorded in ten subjects during loaded and unloaded humeral abduction and anteflexion are the input variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The length dependence of electromyography (EMG) amplitude and the unknown force-length relationship makes it difficult to compare muscle force predictions and EMG measurements. The conclusion is that complicated musculoskeletal models cannot be validated using EMG amplitude. The force and moment balance of the three joints are used to examine the function of the muscles. This model allows for an investigation of the function of morphological components and offers useful insight into the mechanics of the shoulder mechanism.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_143_23
Kaksha B. Choksi, Megha C Patel, Rohan K Bhatt, Saumya Goyal, Foram C Patel, Nasrin A Gori
Effective tooth isolation is a key factor affecting the retention and, in turn, the clinical success of fissure sealants. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of fissure sealants, patients’ preferences and gingival damage following cotton roll isolation, rubber dam isolation and Mr. Thirsty isolation system in children. In this in vivo, split-mouth randomised clinical trial, participants aged 6–11 years requiring sealants on the first permanent molars were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant received sealants on three random first permanent molars using three isolation techniques. The method of choosing which tooth to seal using which isolation system was randomly carried out using a computer allocation system. The time required for sealant placement was recorded for each technique. Following sealant placement, participants were given an interview-based questionnaire to evaluate their preference regarding the isolation techniques. The evaluation of clinical success using USPHS criteria was recorded at baseline and followed up for 3, 6 and 9 months. These data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25 for Windows statistical software. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison, and for quantitative data between three groups, analyses were done using the Chi-square test with multiple comparison tests. For all statistical analyses, probability levels of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant. A total of 93 teeth were clinically evaluated at the end of 9 months; of these, significantly higher retention rates were seen in the rubber dam group, where 71% had completely retained sealants and 29% had a partial loss of sealants. The mean chair side times were 1.94 ± 0.31, 3.28 ± 0.32 and 2.44 ± 0.32 for cotton roll, rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation, respectively. Approximately 60% of participants preferred cotton roll isolation over rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation system. (P = 0.02). Cotton roll isolation was the most preferred technique; however, sealant retention was reported to be the best using rubber dam isolation. Mr. Thirsty can be used as a viable alternative in patients where cotton rolls and a rubber dam are contraindicated.
{"title":"Evaluation of Clinical Success of Fissure Sealant, Patients’ Preference and Gingival Damage Following Different Isolation Methods in Children: A Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Trial","authors":"Kaksha B. Choksi, Megha C Patel, Rohan K Bhatt, Saumya Goyal, Foram C Patel, Nasrin A Gori","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_143_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_143_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Effective tooth isolation is a key factor affecting the retention and, in turn, the clinical success of fissure sealants. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success of fissure sealants, patients’ preferences and gingival damage following cotton roll isolation, rubber dam isolation and Mr. Thirsty isolation system in children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this in vivo, split-mouth randomised clinical trial, participants aged 6–11 years requiring sealants on the first permanent molars were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Each participant received sealants on three random first permanent molars using three isolation techniques. The method of choosing which tooth to seal using which isolation system was randomly carried out using a computer allocation system. The time required for sealant placement was recorded for each technique. Following sealant placement, participants were given an interview-based questionnaire to evaluate their preference regarding the isolation techniques. The evaluation of clinical success using USPHS criteria was recorded at baseline and followed up for 3, 6 and 9 months. These data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 25 for Windows statistical software. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison, and for quantitative data between three groups, analyses were done using the Chi-square test with multiple comparison tests. For all statistical analyses, probability levels of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 93 teeth were clinically evaluated at the end of 9 months; of these, significantly higher retention rates were seen in the rubber dam group, where 71% had completely retained sealants and 29% had a partial loss of sealants. The mean chair side times were 1.94 ± 0.31, 3.28 ± 0.32 and 2.44 ± 0.32 for cotton roll, rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation, respectively. Approximately 60% of participants preferred cotton roll isolation over rubber dam and Mr. Thirsty isolation system. (P = 0.02).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cotton roll isolation was the most preferred technique; however, sealant retention was reported to be the best using rubber dam isolation. Mr. Thirsty can be used as a viable alternative in patients where cotton rolls and a rubber dam are contraindicated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Mehta, Bhupesh Patel, B. R. Kamlesh, Hiren Patel
There is growing interest in identifying genetic predispositions to dental caries using non-invasive tools. Dermatoglyphics, examining dermal ridge patterns on the hands and feet, is linked to genetic foundations. Galton’s theory asserts fingerprint constancy. In dentistry, dermatoglyphics gains attention for its correlation with students pathologies. This study evaluates the association of dental caries in students with dermatoglyphics. The research at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dharmsinh Desai University, involved 50 subjects (28 females and 22 males) with normal fingerprints. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute’s Ethics Committee. Fingerprints were recorded using the conventional method, employing ink, paper, roller, glass slab and sponging pad. The prints were examined, classified and analysed through the Cummins method, categorising them into whorls, loops and arches. The dental caries were assessed through the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) scores of the participants. The DMFT score was tested for association and difference according to the type of fingerprint pattern. Females commonly exhibit loop patterns, while males show an equal distribution between loops and whorls. The connection between fingerprint patterns and DMFT scores is notable. A Chi-square test for left-side patterns (Chi-square = 27.74, P = 0.002) reveals a strong association, linking specific patterns to distinct DMFT scores. Similarly, for right-side patterns (Chi-square = 11.349, P = 0.045), there is significance, emphasising the relationship between fingerprint types and dental caries. The study examined the connection between fingerprint patterns and dental caries in children, discovering a positive correlation. Specific patterns such as arch, loop and whorl were linked to caries presence or absence, suggesting their potential as an early detection tool, although accuracy might vary based on genetic factors.
{"title":"Unraveling the Enigma of Dental Caries through Conventional Analysis using Finger Print Forensics among the Students of Nadiad City, Gujarat","authors":"R. Mehta, Bhupesh Patel, B. R. Kamlesh, Hiren Patel","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_18_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_18_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 There is growing interest in identifying genetic predispositions to dental caries using non-invasive tools. Dermatoglyphics, examining dermal ridge patterns on the hands and feet, is linked to genetic foundations. Galton’s theory asserts fingerprint constancy. In dentistry, dermatoglyphics gains attention for its correlation with students pathologies. This study evaluates the association of dental caries in students with dermatoglyphics.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The research at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dharmsinh Desai University, involved 50 subjects (28 females and 22 males) with normal fingerprints. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute’s Ethics Committee. Fingerprints were recorded using the conventional method, employing ink, paper, roller, glass slab and sponging pad. The prints were examined, classified and analysed through the Cummins method, categorising them into whorls, loops and arches. The dental caries were assessed through the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) scores of the participants. The DMFT score was tested for association and difference according to the type of fingerprint pattern.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Females commonly exhibit loop patterns, while males show an equal distribution between loops and whorls. The connection between fingerprint patterns and DMFT scores is notable. A Chi-square test for left-side patterns (Chi-square = 27.74, P = 0.002) reveals a strong association, linking specific patterns to distinct DMFT scores. Similarly, for right-side patterns (Chi-square = 11.349, P = 0.045), there is significance, emphasising the relationship between fingerprint types and dental caries.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study examined the connection between fingerprint patterns and dental caries in children, discovering a positive correlation. Specific patterns such as arch, loop and whorl were linked to caries presence or absence, suggesting their potential as an early detection tool, although accuracy might vary based on genetic factors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant bacterium commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections. The rapid spread of A. baumannii has raised concerns, as it has been linked to the emergence of clones in healthcare facilities worldwide. The challenges of treating and controlling infections caused by this bacterium in hospital settings are exacerbated by its resistance profile. The proliferation of clones worldwide highlights the need for careful infection control procedures and new tactics to fight illnesses caused by drug-resistant A. baumannii strains. Between January 2019 and December 2020, a total of 26,250 specimens were collected by personnel from the Department of Microbiology at King Fahad Specialist Hospital. Our study highlights a significant surge in antimicrobial resistance, indicating a relative increase in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Despite extensive resistance, azithromycin, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, penicillin, piperacillin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin and aztreonam showed 91.2%–100% efficacy against these strains. This study emphasises the critical need for stringent infection control measures and judicious antibiotic strategies to curb multidrug-resistant A. baumannii outbreaks in healthcare settings. The identification of alternative therapies is imperative for improved management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
{"title":"Emergence of Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A Growing Health Concern in the Qassim Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"Saeed S. Banawas","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_39_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_39_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Acinetobacter baumannii is a multidrug-resistant bacterium commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections. The rapid spread of A. baumannii has raised concerns, as it has been linked to the emergence of clones in healthcare facilities worldwide. The challenges of treating and controlling infections caused by this bacterium in hospital settings are exacerbated by its resistance profile. The proliferation of clones worldwide highlights the need for careful infection control procedures and new tactics to fight illnesses caused by drug-resistant A. baumannii strains.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Between January 2019 and December 2020, a total of 26,250 specimens were collected by personnel from the Department of Microbiology at King Fahad Specialist Hospital.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study highlights a significant surge in antimicrobial resistance, indicating a relative increase in multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates. Despite extensive resistance, azithromycin, cefoxitin, norfloxacin, penicillin, piperacillin, tetracycline, ceftriaxone, nitrofurantoin and aztreonam showed 91.2%–100% efficacy against these strains.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study emphasises the critical need for stringent infection control measures and judicious antibiotic strategies to curb multidrug-resistant A. baumannii outbreaks in healthcare settings. The identification of alternative therapies is imperative for improved management of infections caused by multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely applied for periodontal regeneration due to its simplicity, autologous nature and economics. This study aims to evaluate the variations in the fibrin network patterns of the PRF clot, which was isolated from chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). This study included 90 participants undergoing periodontal treatment therapy. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients without Type 2 DM; Group B (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], 6.5%–6.9%) and Group C (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (HbA1c ≥ 7%). The clinical parameters and blood samples were collected, and PRF preparation was done. Histological slide analysis was done in the stained section of the PRF clot and examined for the presence of dense and loose fibrin network patterns with the entrapments of platelets. There was a significant difference in the dense and loose fibrin framework between chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 DM, chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of 6.5–6.9 HbA1c and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of >7 HbA1c. Within the limitations of this study, future studies are needed to find the clinical outcomes of various PRF preparations in diabetic patients and other systemic factors that influence the fibrin network pattern, so that better regenerative outcomes can be achieved in patients with systemic diseases.
{"title":"Fibrin Network Pattern Changes of Platelet-rich Fibrin in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Swathi Priya, G. Elangovan, Gopinath Vivekanandan, Settu Saranya, Duraisamy Surya, Ahila Elumalai","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_31_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_31_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely applied for periodontal regeneration due to its simplicity, autologous nature and economics. This study aims to evaluate the variations in the fibrin network patterns of the PRF clot, which was isolated from chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study included 90 participants undergoing periodontal treatment therapy. The patients were divided into three groups: Group A (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients without Type 2 DM; Group B (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (haemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], 6.5%–6.9%) and Group C (n = 30), chronic periodontitis patients with Type 2 DM (HbA1c ≥ 7%). The clinical parameters and blood samples were collected, and PRF preparation was done. Histological slide analysis was done in the stained section of the PRF clot and examined for the presence of dense and loose fibrin network patterns with the entrapments of platelets.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a significant difference in the dense and loose fibrin framework between chronic periodontitis patients without type 2 DM, chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of 6.5–6.9 HbA1c and chronic periodontitis patients with type 2 DM of >7 HbA1c.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Within the limitations of this study, future studies are needed to find the clinical outcomes of various PRF preparations in diabetic patients and other systemic factors that influence the fibrin network pattern, so that better regenerative outcomes can be achieved in patients with systemic diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are promising applications of four-dimensional (4D) printing in the medical field. The need is to identify the research status and explore where this new set of technologies effectively can be deployed. Research articles are searched from Scopus by keywords as ‘4D printing’, ‘medical’, ‘dental’ and undertaken a bibliometric analysis of the identified papers. This study states that 4D printing is the latest technology that creates innovation and addresses complex medical problems. The paper briefly describes the 4D printing and details its difference from three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The paper identified that research is carried out on 4D printing, but decidedly less publication is available in the medical field reporting the application of this technology. The main limitation is that it requires extensive investment and support for transformation. 4D printing is to provide benefits to medical practitioners especially in the areas not covered by 3D printing technologies. 4D printing helps to create a 3D physical object by adding smart material layer by layer through computer-operated computer-aided design data. It adds a dimension of transformation over time where printed products are sensitive to parameters such as temperature, humidity and time. This technology can provide extensive support in the medical field, especially with better and smart medical implants, tools and devices. Now, doctors and researchers can explore with 4D printing technology to provide better service to the patient.
{"title":"Four-dimensional Printing: An Evolution in Making","authors":"Anirudh Verma, D. K. Prasad","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_26_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_26_24","url":null,"abstract":"There are promising applications of four-dimensional (4D) printing in the medical field. The need is to identify the research status and explore where this new set of technologies effectively can be deployed. Research articles are searched from Scopus by keywords as ‘4D printing’, ‘medical’, ‘dental’ and undertaken a bibliometric analysis of the identified papers. This study states that 4D printing is the latest technology that creates innovation and addresses complex medical problems. The paper briefly describes the 4D printing and details its difference from three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The paper identified that research is carried out on 4D printing, but decidedly less publication is available in the medical field reporting the application of this technology. The main limitation is that it requires extensive investment and support for transformation. 4D printing is to provide benefits to medical practitioners especially in the areas not covered by 3D printing technologies. 4D printing helps to create a 3D physical object by adding smart material layer by layer through computer-operated computer-aided design data. It adds a dimension of transformation over time where printed products are sensitive to parameters such as temperature, humidity and time. This technology can provide extensive support in the medical field, especially with better and smart medical implants, tools and devices. Now, doctors and researchers can explore with 4D printing technology to provide better service to the patient.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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