The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) serves as a crucial tool in understanding the intricate relationship between oral health and systemic conditions like type 2 Diabetes. This study delves into the comparative analysis of OHIP in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, shedding light on the nuanced impact of this metabolic disorder on oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL). By scrutinising factors such as oral discomfort, functional limitations and psychological well-being, this research aims to unearth valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by diabetic individuals in maintaining optimal oral health. Such findings hold immense significance in guiding tailored interventions and enhancing holistic healthcare approaches. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 232 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Clinical examinations were conducted, and a validated Arabic version of the OHIP-14 instrument was used. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. In total, 232 patients with and without diabetes were included in this study. A statistically significant effect was observed amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic participants (P = 0.015). The overall OHrQoL across the seven domains of participants with diabetes was significantly lower than those without diabetes (P = 0.0001). Oral lesions were more common and showed statistically significant effects amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients (P = 0.0001). Patients with type 2 diabetes have shown undesirable oral health which impacted their quality of life compared to those without diabetes. Future research focusing on developing preventive interventional strategies for diabetic patients, in addition to enhancing the awareness of oral diseases and dental care amongst those patients, is highly encouraged. Developing a standardised protocol with a unified OHrQoL instrument and methodological statistical analysis approaches that could be generalised and used worldwide periodically amongst diabetic patients may also be advocated.
{"title":"Oral Health Impact Profile in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. A. H. Alzahrani","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_47_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_47_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) serves as a crucial tool in understanding the intricate relationship between oral health and systemic conditions like type 2 Diabetes. This study delves into the comparative analysis of OHIP in patients with and without type 2 diabetes, shedding light on the nuanced impact of this metabolic disorder on oral health-related quality of life (OHrQoL). By scrutinising factors such as oral discomfort, functional limitations and psychological well-being, this research aims to unearth valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by diabetic individuals in maintaining optimal oral health. Such findings hold immense significance in guiding tailored interventions and enhancing holistic healthcare approaches.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was carried out with 232 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Clinical examinations were conducted, and a validated Arabic version of the OHIP-14 instrument was used. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In total, 232 patients with and without diabetes were included in this study. A statistically significant effect was observed amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic participants (P = 0.015). The overall OHrQoL across the seven domains of participants with diabetes was significantly lower than those without diabetes (P = 0.0001). Oral lesions were more common and showed statistically significant effects amongst diabetic compared to non-diabetic patients (P = 0.0001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients with type 2 diabetes have shown undesirable oral health which impacted their quality of life compared to those without diabetes. Future research focusing on developing preventive interventional strategies for diabetic patients, in addition to enhancing the awareness of oral diseases and dental care amongst those patients, is highly encouraged. Developing a standardised protocol with a unified OHrQoL instrument and methodological statistical analysis approaches that could be generalised and used worldwide periodically amongst diabetic patients may also be advocated.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141363508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a promising ecological approach to classifying infectious diseases based on the reservoir of the causative organism. According to this approach, all infectious diseases are classified as anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Among these three, zoonoses are the most used and known category, including diseases naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. The principal reservoir of the pathogen is often populations of certain animal species. The term “anthroponoses” denotes diseases where human hosts are central to the pathogen’s life cycle and provide its survival from an evolutionary perspective. These diseases circulate only among humans, and animals are not susceptible to them. Finally, sapronoses is an emerging concept for categorizing diseases where the causative organisms grow saprophytically in the environment and parasitically in vertebrate hosts, including humans. However, the parasitic phase usually plays a secondary role. Recognizing infectious diseases as sapronoses highlights the role of the connection between diseases among humans, animals, and the environment. This ecological approach to classifying infectious diseases is worth exploring, especially in the context of One Health, which emphasizes the interdependence between these three dimensions. Theoretical exploration focusing on the complex dynamics of pathogen-host interactions is needed to develop this classification further.
{"title":"Classification Matters: A One Health Perspective","authors":"Halyna Lugova, Kyu Kyu Win, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_77_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_77_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces a promising ecological approach to classifying infectious diseases based on the reservoir of the causative organism. According to this approach, all infectious diseases are classified as anthroponoses, zoonoses, and sapronoses. Among these three, zoonoses are the most used and known category, including diseases naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. The principal reservoir of the pathogen is often populations of certain animal species. The term “anthroponoses” denotes diseases where human hosts are central to the pathogen’s life cycle and provide its survival from an evolutionary perspective. These diseases circulate only among humans, and animals are not susceptible to them. Finally, sapronoses is an emerging concept for categorizing diseases where the causative organisms grow saprophytically in the environment and parasitically in vertebrate hosts, including humans. However, the parasitic phase usually plays a secondary role. Recognizing infectious diseases as sapronoses highlights the role of the connection between diseases among humans, animals, and the environment. This ecological approach to classifying infectious diseases is worth exploring, especially in the context of One Health, which emphasizes the interdependence between these three dimensions. Theoretical exploration focusing on the complex dynamics of pathogen-host interactions is needed to develop this classification further.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Communities across Southeast Asia face challenges posed by natural disasters, including floods, which disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. In light of the growing frequency and severity of extreme weather events attributed to climate change, there is a pressing need to explore and strengthen community flood resilience. Community resilience is pivotal in mitigating flood-related damages and fostering successful recovery efforts. This paper examines the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping community resilience in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. Socio-demographic determinants, exposure to floods, social cohesion, communication networks, socio-economic status, and cultural diversity significantly influence resilience capabilities, with disparities exacerbating socio-economic inequality. The interplay of these factors underscores the complexity of community disaster resilience, with some factors acting as moderators, mediators, or confounders in shaping outcomes. The paper highlights that understanding the dynamics of community resilience formation is imperative for informed policy interventions to enhance disaster preparedness and response in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. The contributors to flood resilience are interrelated with social determinants of health, underscoring the vital role of broader socio-economic and environmental factors in shaping community well-being. Future research should explore the relationships within these complex dynamics to guide effective resilience-building strategies tailored to local contexts.
{"title":"Dynamics of Community Resilience in Flood-prone Areas of Southeast Asia: A Key Component of the Public Health Agenda","authors":"Halyna Lugova, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_74_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_74_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Communities across Southeast Asia face challenges posed by natural disasters, including floods, which disproportionately impact vulnerable populations. In light of the growing frequency and severity of extreme weather events attributed to climate change, there is a pressing need to explore and strengthen community flood resilience. Community resilience is pivotal in mitigating flood-related damages and fostering successful recovery efforts. This paper examines the socio-economic and environmental factors shaping community resilience in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. Socio-demographic determinants, exposure to floods, social cohesion, communication networks, socio-economic status, and cultural diversity significantly influence resilience capabilities, with disparities exacerbating socio-economic inequality. The interplay of these factors underscores the complexity of community disaster resilience, with some factors acting as moderators, mediators, or confounders in shaping outcomes. The paper highlights that understanding the dynamics of community resilience formation is imperative for informed policy interventions to enhance disaster preparedness and response in flood-prone areas of Southeast Asia. The contributors to flood resilience are interrelated with social determinants of health, underscoring the vital role of broader socio-economic and environmental factors in shaping community well-being. Future research should explore the relationships within these complex dynamics to guide effective resilience-building strategies tailored to local contexts.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Nayak, Khadijah Hashim Alhussini, Bushra Ali Mohammed Asiri, Asayil Othman Saeed Alzahrani, Tala Mohammed Jali, P. Nayak, Adel Abdelsattar Elbadawy
Healthcare students are becoming increasingly concerned about self-medication (SM), which can have major health repercussions. It affects how future physicians make professional decisions about medications. Such a mindset has an indirect impact on providing their patients with appropriate counselling. The study was planned to investigate the attitude, determinants and different clinical aspects associated with SM of dental pain amongst medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted exclusively on the 400 medical students from the 1st year and interns pursuing bachelor’s degrees from various medical colleges in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A convenient non-probability sampling technique was employed, and a pre-tested/pre-validated questionnaire was loaded on Google Forms and sent to the medical students of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and nursing programmes. Qualitative characteristics were assessed using the Chi-square test. The significance level (P value) chosen for the various comparisons was P < 0.05. The results of this study show that 65.5% of students self-medicate. It was significantly more common in women (74.9%), pharmacists (76.9%) and dental students (72.7%). Students who self-medicated less often were in the 1st and 2nd years (49.2% and 57.1%). Toothache was the most common cause for which they self-medicated (79.8%). The results of the present study have shed light on the fact that SM was high amongst medical students in Jeddah. The potential problems associated with self-medication should be highlighted to students to reduce the risk of inappropriate SM, which can seriously harm both students and others to whom they prescribe medication.
医学生越来越关注可能对健康产生重大影响的自我药疗（SM）。它会影响未来的医生如何对药物做出专业决定。这种心态会间接影响到为病人提供适当的咨询。本研究计划调查沙特阿拉伯吉达医科学生对牙痛 SM 的态度、决定因素和相关的不同临床方面。 本描述性横断面研究专门针对沙特阿拉伯吉达市各医学院的 400 名一年级医学生和攻读学士学位的实习生进行。研究采用了方便的非概率抽样技术，并在谷歌表格上加载了一份预先测试/预先验证的调查问卷，然后发送给医学、牙医学、药学和护理学专业的医学生。定性特征采用卡方检验进行评估。各种比较的显著性水平（P 值）为 P <0.05。 研究结果表明，65.5% 的学生会自行用药。女生（74.9%）、药剂师（76.9%）和牙科学生（72.7%）中自我药疗的比例明显更高。自行用药较少的学生是一年级和二年级的学生（49.2% 和 57.1%）。牙痛是他们自行用药最常见的原因（79.8%）。 本研究结果揭示了吉达医学生自我药疗率较高的事实。应向学生强调与自我药疗相关的潜在问题，以降低不当自我药疗的风险，因为这可能会严重伤害学生和他们开药的其他人。
{"title":"Self-medication of Dental Pain amongst Medical Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Determinants, Attitude and Clinical Aspects","authors":"U. Nayak, Khadijah Hashim Alhussini, Bushra Ali Mohammed Asiri, Asayil Othman Saeed Alzahrani, Tala Mohammed Jali, P. Nayak, Adel Abdelsattar Elbadawy","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_42_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_42_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Healthcare students are becoming increasingly concerned about self-medication (SM), which can have major health repercussions. It affects how future physicians make professional decisions about medications. Such a mindset has an indirect impact on providing their patients with appropriate counselling. The study was planned to investigate the attitude, determinants and different clinical aspects associated with SM of dental pain amongst medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted exclusively on the 400 medical students from the 1st year and interns pursuing bachelor’s degrees from various medical colleges in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A convenient non-probability sampling technique was employed, and a pre-tested/pre-validated questionnaire was loaded on Google Forms and sent to the medical students of medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and nursing programmes. Qualitative characteristics were assessed using the Chi-square test. The significance level (P value) chosen for the various comparisons was P < 0.05.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of this study show that 65.5% of students self-medicate. It was significantly more common in women (74.9%), pharmacists (76.9%) and dental students (72.7%). Students who self-medicated less often were in the 1st and 2nd years (49.2% and 57.1%). Toothache was the most common cause for which they self-medicated (79.8%).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results of the present study have shed light on the fact that SM was high amongst medical students in Jeddah. The potential problems associated with self-medication should be highlighted to students to reduce the risk of inappropriate SM, which can seriously harm both students and others to whom they prescribe medication.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been used in the treatment of several cancer types where EGFR has a notable involvement in signalling pathways. Medicinal plants are the oldest and healthiest source of medication used in modern pharmacological therapy. Previous research indicates that the compounds found in Ficus virens stem bark have significant therapeutic properties against a range of illnesses, including cancer. Therefore, in this study, molecular docking research was conducted to determine the binding interactions and affinity of secondary metabolites predicted in F. virens methanolic extract with the target protein, EGFR. Three-dimensional (3D) conformers of the secondary metabolism products and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were collected from PubChem on 5 January 2024. The 3D structure of EGFR and its inhibitor was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) databank and ligands and proteins were converted to AutoDock-compatible format and then the energy minimisation was performed by the Open Babel in PyRx. Finally, using PyRx-Python 0.8, molecular docking was done, and using Discovery Studio, visualisation was done as well. The grid box dimensions were specified at 30 Å ×30 Å ×25 Å, and the physiochemical property evaluation was done by the SwissADME online server. In this study, molecular docking assessed 14 compounds, including phytochemicals and ATP, for their binding with EGFR (PDB Id: 1XKK). Redocking of lapatinib validated the results. Natural chemicals showed binding energies from −4.0 to −7.8 Kcal/mol, with oleic acid and iso-caryophyllene demonstrating promising interactions, sourced from F. virens. Despite some limitations, these compounds exhibit potential for EGFR-targeted drug development, despite one Lipinski’s rule violation. EGFR inhibitory activities of iso-caryophyllene and oleic acid, which were identified in the F. virens methanol extract, were remarkable and higher than that of the substrate; their potential opens up exciting new possibilities for moving forward with cancer treatment. It is encouraged to further investigate the in vivo effectiveness of iso-caryophyllene, by means of animal models and cell lines.
针对表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）的治疗已被用于多种癌症的治疗，其中表皮生长因子受体在信号通路中具有显著的参与作用。药用植物是现代药物疗法中最古老、最健康的药物来源。以前的研究表明，榕树茎皮中的化合物对包括癌症在内的一系列疾病有显著的治疗作用。因此，本研究进行了分子对接研究，以确定榕树甲醇提取物中预测的次生代谢物与靶蛋白表皮生长因子受体的结合相互作用和亲和力。 次生代谢产物和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的三维构象于 2024 年 1 月 5 日从 PubChem 收集。表皮生长因子受体及其抑制剂的三维结构是从蛋白质数据库（PDB）中获取的，配体和蛋白质被转换成与 AutoDock 兼容的格式，然后通过 PyRx 中的 Open Babel 进行能量最小化。最后，使用 PyRx-Python 0.8 完成了分子对接，并使用 Discovery Studio 完成了可视化。网格框尺寸为 30 Å ×30 Å ×25 Å，理化性质评估由 SwissADME 在线服务器完成。 在本研究中，分子对接评估了 14 种化合物（包括植物化学物质和 ATP）与表皮生长因子受体的结合（PDB Id：1XKK）。拉帕替尼的再对接验证了这一结果。天然化学物质的结合能从-4.0到-7.8 Kcal/mol不等，其中油酸和异茶叶烯显示出良好的相互作用，这两种化学物质均来自F. virens。尽管存在一些局限性，但这些化合物显示出了开发表皮生长因子受体靶向药物的潜力，尽管违反了一项利平斯基规则。 在藤黄科植物甲醇提取物中发现的异茶叶烯和油酸的表皮生长因子受体抑制活性非常显著，高于底物的抑制活性；它们的潜力为推进癌症治疗开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性。我们鼓励通过动物模型和细胞系来进一步研究异茶叶烯的体内有效性。
{"title":"Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor with Ficus virens Metabolites to Manage Cancer Progression: Molecular Docking and ADME Study","authors":"Yaser E. Alqurashi, A. Jamal","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_38_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been used in the treatment of several cancer types where EGFR has a notable involvement in signalling pathways. Medicinal plants are the oldest and healthiest source of medication used in modern pharmacological therapy. Previous research indicates that the compounds found in Ficus virens stem bark have significant therapeutic properties against a range of illnesses, including cancer. Therefore, in this study, molecular docking research was conducted to determine the binding interactions and affinity of secondary metabolites predicted in F. virens methanolic extract with the target protein, EGFR.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Three-dimensional (3D) conformers of the secondary metabolism products and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were collected from PubChem on 5 January 2024. The 3D structure of EGFR and its inhibitor was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) databank and ligands and proteins were converted to AutoDock-compatible format and then the energy minimisation was performed by the Open Babel in PyRx. Finally, using PyRx-Python 0.8, molecular docking was done, and using Discovery Studio, visualisation was done as well. The grid box dimensions were specified at 30 Å ×30 Å ×25 Å, and the physiochemical property evaluation was done by the SwissADME online server.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In this study, molecular docking assessed 14 compounds, including phytochemicals and ATP, for their binding with EGFR (PDB Id: 1XKK). Redocking of lapatinib validated the results. Natural chemicals showed binding energies from −4.0 to −7.8 Kcal/mol, with oleic acid and iso-caryophyllene demonstrating promising interactions, sourced from F. virens. Despite some limitations, these compounds exhibit potential for EGFR-targeted drug development, despite one Lipinski’s rule violation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 EGFR inhibitory activities of iso-caryophyllene and oleic acid, which were identified in the F. virens methanol extract, were remarkable and higher than that of the substrate; their potential opens up exciting new possibilities for moving forward with cancer treatment. It is encouraged to further investigate the in vivo effectiveness of iso-caryophyllene, by means of animal models and cell lines.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vino Tito V Kurien, R. Shanker, S. Hegde, V. Onisha, Siva A S Pillai
Periodontal disease is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that consists of a group of inflammatory disorders affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Saliva can be used to predict the early onset of periodontitis. Several investigations have been carried out to evaluate the salivary chemical compounds that lead to the destruction and/or protection of periodontal tissues. The present study aimed to assess and compare salivary parameters and oral health status in periodontally healthy and chronic generalised periodontitis patients. This is an in vivo study designed to compare salivary parameters (albumin, urea, total proteins, amylase, glucose and pH) of unstimulated saliva and oral health status of periodontally healthy subjects (n = 65) and chronic generalised periodontitis subjects (n = 65). Human whole unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting method with the subject seated in an upright position after refraining from oral intake for 2 h before saliva collection. Approximately 5 mL of saliva was collected and stored in graduated saliva-collecting vials and refrigerated at 4°C for 1 h. The samples were centrifuged at 2800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was separated from the substrate and stored at 20°C. Next, the sample was defrosted at room temperature and centrifuged at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was separated again to determine the concentrations of glucose, amylase, urea, total protein and albumin using the respective kits and analysed using an automated analyser. Salivary pH was estimated electrometrically with the help of a pH meter. A significant association was found between salivary parameters (amylase and albumin total proteins) and clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index) [GI], probing depth and calculus index in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects when compared to periodontally healthy subjects. The increase in salivary parameters (amylase, total proteins and albumin) was statistically significant except for salivary glucose and urea (statistically non-significant) in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects compared to the healthy subjects. As the clinical parameters (probing depth, loss of attachment, PI, GI, calculus index and decay missing filled teeth) in periodontitis subjects increased, the salivary parameters also increased, suggesting a linear relationship between the generalised chronic periodontitis and salivary parameters (total proteins, albumin and amylase).
{"title":"Evaluation of Salivary Parameters and Oral Health Status in Periodontally Healthy Subjects and Chronic Periodontitis Subjects","authors":"Vino Tito V Kurien, R. Shanker, S. Hegde, V. Onisha, Siva A S Pillai","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_3_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Periodontal disease is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that consists of a group of inflammatory disorders affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Saliva can be used to predict the early onset of periodontitis. Several investigations have been carried out to evaluate the salivary chemical compounds that lead to the destruction and/or protection of periodontal tissues. The present study aimed to assess and compare salivary parameters and oral health status in periodontally healthy and chronic generalised periodontitis patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is an in vivo study designed to compare salivary parameters (albumin, urea, total proteins, amylase, glucose and pH) of unstimulated saliva and oral health status of periodontally healthy subjects (n = 65) and chronic generalised periodontitis subjects (n = 65). Human whole unstimulated saliva was collected by spitting method with the subject seated in an upright position after refraining from oral intake for 2 h before saliva collection. Approximately 5 mL of saliva was collected and stored in graduated saliva-collecting vials and refrigerated at 4°C for 1 h. The samples were centrifuged at 2800 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant was separated from the substrate and stored at 20°C. Next, the sample was defrosted at room temperature and centrifuged at 3000 rpm. The supernatant was separated again to determine the concentrations of glucose, amylase, urea, total protein and albumin using the respective kits and analysed using an automated analyser. Salivary pH was estimated electrometrically with the help of a pH meter.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A significant association was found between salivary parameters (amylase and albumin total proteins) and clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index) [GI], probing depth and calculus index in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects when compared to periodontally healthy subjects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The increase in salivary parameters (amylase, total proteins and albumin) was statistically significant except for salivary glucose and urea (statistically non-significant) in generalised chronic periodontitis subjects compared to the healthy subjects. As the clinical parameters (probing depth, loss of attachment, PI, GI, calculus index and decay missing filled teeth) in periodontitis subjects increased, the salivary parameters also increased, suggesting a linear relationship between the generalised chronic periodontitis and salivary parameters (total proteins, albumin and amylase).\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diabetes in the Impoverished and Underserved Community: Gleanings from an Overlooked Public Health Challenge","authors":"Rudrani Kotha, Anurag Rawat, Yashoda Pokharel","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_94_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_94_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_100_23
Subhashish Das, R. Kalyani, S. Sheela, K. Kamala
Screening programs has conventional cytology such as Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) have successfully reduced cervical cancer, but newer tests like Manual Liquid-based cytology (MLBC) and Human Papillomavirus testing might enhance screening. This was a cross sectional study conducted on 175 samples was processed for CPS and MLBC. Cytobrush was used for LBC which was suspended and detached in the preservative fluid and processed by manual method. Histopathological correlation and HPV DNA testing was also done. MLBC showed higher specimen adequately, cellularity, clean background and uniform distribution of cells than CPS. MLBC showed improved specimen adequately, better cytomorphological features and higher detection of epithelial cell abnormality.
{"title":"Liquid-based Cytology as a Superior Tool Compared to Conventional Pap Smear in Detecting Cervical Cancer in Suspected Cases: A Comparative Study","authors":"Subhashish Das, R. Kalyani, S. Sheela, K. Kamala","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_100_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_100_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Screening programs has conventional cytology such as Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) have successfully reduced cervical cancer, but newer tests like Manual Liquid-based cytology (MLBC) and Human Papillomavirus testing might enhance screening.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This was a cross sectional study conducted on 175 samples was processed for CPS and MLBC. Cytobrush was used for LBC which was suspended and detached in the preservative fluid and processed by manual method. Histopathological correlation and HPV DNA testing was also done.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MLBC showed higher specimen adequately, cellularity, clean background and uniform distribution of cells than CPS.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MLBC showed improved specimen adequately, better cytomorphological features and higher detection of epithelial cell abnormality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139957971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_130_23
Jayaditya Modak, Srishti Agarwal, Richik Chakraborty, B. Manohar, S. Bhuvaneshwari
Several journals are launched every month. The authors need to stay updated regarding selecting and publishing their research work in the right journal, considering the number of predatory journals present now. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst academicians, clinicians and post-graduate students from the speciality of periodontology in India by using a valid questionnaire to understand the knowledge regarding the choice, publisher details, peer review system, indexing, archiving and publication fee guidelines. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis. The survey included academicians (n = 1832), clinicians (n = 370) and post-graduate students (n = 969) who consented to take part in the survey. Overall, the results showed that the post-graduate students had better knowledge regarding the selection and publication of articles in journals. The present findings suggest that the participants have an understanding of publication in niche speciality journals with a little ambiguity in the names of the journals.
{"title":"Publication Guideline Check! What do the Academician, Clinician and Post-graduate Student Think? A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Jayaditya Modak, Srishti Agarwal, Richik Chakraborty, B. Manohar, S. Bhuvaneshwari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_130_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_130_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Several journals are launched every month. The authors need to stay updated regarding selecting and publishing their research work in the right journal, considering the number of predatory journals present now.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst academicians, clinicians and post-graduate students from the speciality of periodontology in India by using a valid questionnaire to understand the knowledge regarding the choice, publisher details, peer review system, indexing, archiving and publication fee guidelines. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were performed for the analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The survey included academicians (n = 1832), clinicians (n = 370) and post-graduate students (n = 969) who consented to take part in the survey. Overall, the results showed that the post-graduate students had better knowledge regarding the selection and publication of articles in journals.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present findings suggest that the participants have an understanding of publication in niche speciality journals with a little ambiguity in the names of the journals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. MohanaSundaram, Atanas G Atanasov, J. Finsterer, Ashek Elahi Noor
{"title":"The Need for Measles Surveillance amidst Chikungunya Outbreak in Paraguay","authors":"A. MohanaSundaram, Atanas G Atanasov, J. Finsterer, Ashek Elahi Noor","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_91_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_91_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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