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Numerical Simulation on Electrical-Thermal Properties of Gallium-Nitride-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Embedded in Board 氮化镓基板内嵌式发光二极管电热特性的数值模拟
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-10-24 DOI: 10.1155/2012/495981
X. Long, R. Liao, Jing Zhou
The electrical-thermal characteristics of gallium-nitride- (GaN-) based light-emitting diodes (LED), packaged by chips embedded in board (EIB) technology, were investigated using a multiphysics and multiscale finite element code, COMSOL. Three-dimensional (3D) finite element model for packaging structure has been developed and optimized with forward-voltage-based junction temperatures of a 9-chip EIB sample. The sensitivity analysis of the simulation model has been conducted to estimate the current and temperature distribution changes in EIB LED as the blue LED chip (substrate, indium tin oxide (ITO)), packaging structure (bonding wire and chip numbers), and system condition (injection current) changed. This method proved the reliability of simulated results in advance and useful material parameters. Furthermore, the method suggests that the parameter match on Shockley's equation parameters, , , and , is a potential method to reduce the current crowding effect for the EIB LED. Junction temperature decreases by approximately 3 K to 10 K can be achieved by substrate thinning, ITO, and wire bonding. The nonlinear-decreasing characteristics of total thermal resistance that decrease with an increase in chip numbers are likely to improve the thermal performance of EIB LED modules.
采用多物理场和多尺度有限元软件COMSOL,研究了采用芯片嵌入板(EIB)技术封装的氮化镓(GaN)基发光二极管(LED)的电-热特性。建立并优化了封装结构的三维(3D)有限元模型,该模型基于基于正向电压的9片EIB样品结温。通过对仿真模型的灵敏度分析,估算出蓝光LED芯片(衬底、氧化铟锡(ITO))、封装结构(键合线和芯片数量)、系统状态(注入电流)发生变化时EIB LED内部电流和温度分布的变化。该方法预先验证了模拟结果的可靠性和有用的材料参数。此外,该方法表明,参数匹配肖克利方程参数,,和,是降低EIB LED电流拥挤效应的潜在方法。结温降低约3k至10k可以实现衬底减薄,ITO,和线键合。总热阻随芯片数量的增加而减小的非线性减小特性可能会改善EIB LED模块的热性能。
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引用次数: 5
Recent advances in multiband printed antennas based on metamaterial loading 基于超材料加载的多波段印刷天线研究进展
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-10-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/968780
F. Paredes, G. Zamora, S. Zufanelli, F. Herraiz-Martínez, J. Bonache, F. Martín
It is shown that printed antennas loaded with metamaterial resonators can be designed to exhibit multiband functionality. Two different antenna types and metamaterial loading are considered: (i) printed dipoles or monopoles loaded with open complementary split ring resonators (OCSRRs) and (ii) meander line or folded dipole antennas loaded with split ring resonators (SRRs) or spiral resonators (SRs). In the first case, multiband operation is achieved by series connecting one or more OCSRRs within the dipole/monopole. Such resonators force opens at their positions, and by locating them at a quarter wavelength (at the required operating frequencies) from the feeding point, it is possible to achieve multiple radiation bands. In the second case, dual-band functionality is achieved through the perturbation of the antenna characteristics caused by the presence of the metamaterial resonators. This latter strategy is specially suited to achieve conjugate matching between the antenna and the chip in radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags at two of the regulated UHF-RFID bands.
结果表明,加载超材料谐振器的印刷天线可以设计成具有多频段功能。考虑了两种不同的天线类型和超材料加载:(i)印刷偶极子或单极子加载开放互补分裂环谐振器(OCSRRs)和(ii)弯曲线或折叠偶极子天线加载分裂环谐振器(SRRs)或螺旋谐振器(SRs)。在第一种情况下,通过在偶极子/单极子内串联连接一个或多个ocsrr来实现多波段操作。这样的谐振器在它们的位置上强制打开,并且通过将它们定位在距离馈电点的四分之一波长(在所需的工作频率上),可以实现多个辐射带。在第二种情况下,双频功能是通过由超材料谐振器的存在引起的天线特性的扰动来实现的。后一种策略特别适用于实现射频识别(RFID)标签中天线和芯片在两个被调节的超高频射频识别(UHF-RFID)频段之间的共轭匹配。
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引用次数: 11
Dirac dispersion in two-dimensional photonic crystals 二维光子晶体中的狄拉克色散
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-10-22 DOI: 10.1155/2012/313984
C. Chan, Z. Hang, Xueqin Huang
We show how one may obtain conical (Dirac) dispersions in photonic crystals, and in some cases, such conical dispersions can be used to create a metamaterial with an effective zero refractive index. We show specifically that in two-dimensional photonic crystals with symmetry, we can adjust the system parameters to obtain accidental triple degeneracy at Γ point, whose band dispersion comprises two linear bands that generate conical dispersion surfaces and an additional flat band crossing the Dirac-like point. If this triply degenerate state is formed by monopole and dipole excitations, the system can be mapped to an effective medium with permittivity and permeability equal to zero simultaneously, and this system can transport wave as if the refractive index is effectively zero. However, not all the triply degenerate states can be described by monopole and dipole excitations and in those cases, the conical dispersion may not be related to an effective zero refractive index. Using multiple scattering theory, we calculate the Berry phase of the eigenmodes in the Dirac-like cone to be equal to zero for modes in the Dirac-like cone at the zone center, in contrast with the Berry phase of for Dirac cones at the zone boundary.
我们展示了如何在光子晶体中获得锥形(狄拉克)色散,并且在某些情况下,这种锥形色散可以用来创建具有有效零折射率的超材料。具体地说,在二维对称光子晶体中,我们可以调整系统参数,在Γ点处获得偶然的三重简并,其能带色散包括两个产生锥形色散面的线性带和一个穿过狄拉克点的额外平坦带。如果这种三重简并态是由单极子和偶极子激发形成的,则该系统可以映射到介电常数和磁导率同时为零的有效介质中,并且该系统可以像折射率为零一样传输波。然而,并不是所有的三重简并态都可以用单极子和偶极子激发来描述,在这些情况下,锥形色散可能与有效零折射率无关。利用多重散射理论,我们计算出类狄拉克锥在区中心处的特征模的Berry相位等于零,而在区边界处狄拉克锥的Berry相位等于零。
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引用次数: 63
Metaoptics with Nonrelativistic Matter Waves 非相对论物质波的元光学
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-23 DOI: 10.1155/2012/734306
T. Taillandier-Loize, J. Baudon, M. Hamamda, G. Dutier, V. Bocvarski, M. Boustimi, F. Péralès, M. Ducloy
The counterpart of metamaterials in light optics for nonrelativistic matter waves governed by the Schrodinger equation can be found by transiently reversing the group velocity using a so called comoving potential. Possible applications to wave-packet dynamics, atom interferometry, and atom deceleration are described.
光光学中由薛定谔方程控制的非相对论性物质波的对应物可以通过使用所谓的共移动势瞬时逆转群速度来找到。描述了在波包动力学、原子干涉测量和原子减速方面的可能应用。
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引用次数: 0
The Performance of Active Coated Nanoparticles Based on Quantum-Dot Gain Media 基于量子点增益介质的活性包覆纳米颗粒性能研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-20 DOI: 10.1155/2012/368786
S. Campbell, R. Ziolkowski
Quantum-dots (QDs) provide an exciting option for the gain media incorporated in active coated nanoparticles (CNPs) because they possess large gain coefficients resulting from their extreme confinement effects. The optical properties of core/shell QDs can be tuned by changing the relative size of the core/shell, that is, by effectively changing its band gap structure. Similarly, the resonance of a CNP can be adjusted by changing the relative sizes of its layers. It is demonstrated here that by optimally locating the QDs inside a resonant CNP structure it is possible to greatly enhance the intrinsic amplifying behavior of the combined QD-CNP system.
量子点(QDs)为活性包覆纳米粒子(CNPs)的增益介质提供了一个令人兴奋的选择,因为它们具有巨大的增益系数,导致它们的极端限制效应。通过改变核/壳的相对尺寸,即有效地改变其带隙结构,可以调节核/壳量子点的光学性质。同样,CNP的共振可以通过改变其层的相对大小来调节。本文证明,通过在共振CNP结构内优化定位量子点,可以大大增强组合QD-CNP系统的固有放大行为。
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引用次数: 15
Homogeneous Hyperbolic Systems for Terahertz and Far-Infrared Frequencies 太赫兹和远红外频率的齐次双曲系统
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-20 DOI: 10.1155/2012/267564
L. Alekseyev, V. Podolskiy, V. Podolskiy, E. Narimanov
We demonstrate that homogeneous naturally-occurring materials can form hyperbolic media, and can be used for nonmagnetic negative refractive index systems. We present specific realizations of the proposed approach for the THz and far-IR frequencies. The proposed structures operate away from resonance, thereby promising the capacity for low-loss devices.
我们证明了均质天然材料可以形成双曲介质,并可用于非磁性负折射率体系。我们提出了对太赫兹和远红外频率提出的方法的具体实现。所提出的结构在远离共振的情况下运行,从而有望实现低损耗器件的容量。
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引用次数: 50
Nonlinear Scattering by Anisotropic Dielectric Periodic Structures 各向异性介电周期结构的非线性散射
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-19 DOI: 10.1155/2012/154847
O. Shramkova, A. Schuchinsky
The combinatorial frequency generation by the periodic stacks of binary layers of anisotropic nonlinear dielectrics is examined. The products of nonlinear scattering are characterised in terms of the three-wave mixing processes. It is shown that the intensity of the scattered waves of combinatorial frequencies is strongly influenced by the constitutive and geometrical parameters of the anisotropic layers, and the frequency ratio and angles of incidence of pump waves. The enhanced efficiency of the frequency conversion at Wolf-Bragg resonances has been demonstrated for the lossless and lossy-layered structures.
研究了各向异性非线性电介质二元层周期叠加产生的组合频率。用三波混频过程来描述非线性散射的产物。结果表明,各向异性层的本构参数和几何参数以及泵浦波的频率比和入射角对组合频率散射波的强度有很大的影响。在无损和有损层状结构中,提高了Wolf-Bragg共振的频率转换效率。
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引用次数: 19
Laser Writing of Multiscale Chiral Polymer Metamaterials 多尺度手性高分子超材料的激光书写
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-10 DOI: 10.1155/2012/861569
E. Furlani, H. Jee, H. Oh, A. Baev, P. Prasad
A new approach to metamaterials is presented that involves laser-based patterning of novel chiral polymer media, wherein chirality is realized at two distinct length scales, intrinsically at the molecular level and geometrically at a length scale on the order of the wavelength of the incident field. In this approach, femtosecond-pulsed laser-induced two-photon lithography (TPL) is used to pattern a photoresist-chiral polymer mixture into planar chiral shapes. Enhanced bulk chirality can be realized by tuning the wavelength-dependent chiral response at both the molecular and geometric level to ensure an overlap of their respective spectra. The approach is demonstrated via the fabrication of a metamaterial consisting of a two-dimensional array of chiral polymer-based L-structures. The fabrication process is described and modeling is performed to demonstrate the distinction between molecular and planar geometric-based chirality and the effects of the enhanced multiscale chirality on the optical response of such media. This new approach to metamaterials holds promise for the development of tunable, polymer-based optical metamaterials with low loss.
提出了一种基于激光的新型手性聚合物介质的新方法,其中手性在两个不同的长度尺度上实现,本质上是在分子水平上,几何上是在入射场波长顺序上的长度尺度上。在这种方法中,飞秒脉冲激光诱导双光子光刻(TPL)用于将光阻-手性聚合物混合物图案成平面手性形状。增强体手性可以通过在分子和几何水平上调整波长相关的手性响应来实现,以确保它们各自的光谱重叠。该方法通过制造由二维手性聚合物基l结构阵列组成的超材料来证明。描述了制造过程并进行了建模,以证明分子和基于几何的平面手性之间的区别以及增强的多尺度手性对此类介质的光学响应的影响。这种研究超材料的新方法有望开发出可调谐、低损耗的聚合物基光学超材料。
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引用次数: 15
3D Photonic Nanostructures via Diffusion-Assisted Direct fs Laser Writing 通过扩散辅助直接激光书写的三维光子纳米结构
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-09-04 DOI: 10.1155/2012/927931
G. Bickauskaite, Maria Manousidaki, K. Terzaki, Elmina Kambouraki, I. Sakellari, N. Vasilantonakis, D. Gray, C. Soukoulis, C. Fotakis, M. Vamvakaki, M. Kafesaki, M. Farsari, A. Pikulin, N. Bityurin
We present our research into the fabrication of fully three-dimensional metallic nanostructures using diffusion-assisted direct laser writing, a technique which employs quencher diffusion to fabricate structures with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. We have made dielectric 3D nanostructures by multiphoton polymerization using a metal-binding organic-inorganic hybrid material, and we covered them with silver using selective electroless plating. We have used this method to make spirals and woodpiles with 600 nm intralayer periodicity. The resulting photonic nanostructures have a smooth metallic surface and exhibit well-defined diffraction spectra, indicating good fabrication quality and internal periodicity. In addition, we have made dielectric woodpile structures decorated with gold nanoparticles. Our results show that diffusion-assisted direct laser writing and selective electroless plating can be combined to form a viable route for the fabrication of 3D dielectric and metallic photonic nanostructures.
我们介绍了利用扩散辅助直接激光书写技术制造全三维金属纳米结构的研究,这种技术利用淬灭扩散来制造分辨率超过衍射极限的结构。我们利用一种金属结合的有机-无机杂化材料,通过多光子聚合制备了介电三维纳米结构,并用选择性化学镀的方法在其表面镀上银。我们利用这种方法制备了具有600 nm层内周期性的螺旋和木桩。所得的光子纳米结构具有光滑的金属表面和清晰的衍射光谱,表明良好的制造质量和内部周期性。此外,我们还制作了以金纳米粒子装饰的介电木桩结构。我们的研究结果表明,扩散辅助直接激光写入和选择性化学镀可以形成一个可行的路线,为三维介质和金属光子纳米结构的制造。
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引用次数: 9
Design of matched absorbing layers for surface plasmon-polaritons 表面等离子体极化子匹配吸收层的设计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2012-08-29 DOI: 10.1155/2012/598213
S. Cruz, E. Méndez, A. Maradudin
We describe a procedure for designing metal-metal boundaries for the strong attenuation of surface plasmon-polaritons without the introduction of reflections or scattering effects. Solutions associated with different sets of matching materials are found. To illustrate the results and the consequences of adopting different solutions, we present calculations based on an integral equation formulation for the scattering problem and the use of a nonlocal impedance boundary condition.
我们描述了在不引入反射或散射效应的情况下,为表面等离子体极化子的强衰减设计金属-金属边界的过程。找到了与不同匹配材料集相关联的解。为了说明采用不同解的结果和后果,我们提出了基于散射问题的积分方程公式和使用非局部阻抗边界条件的计算。
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引用次数: 1
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Advances in Optoelectronics
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