JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports最新文献

Objective: To investigate patient and/or carer experiences of planning for discharge from an acute setting after a major trauma event.

Introduction: The experience of injury through major trauma is a worldwide issue that affects people of any age. These patients often experience long-lasting disability. During discharge from the acute setting, patients are at a high risk of experiencing an adverse event due to the complex nature of the process. This review aims to explore patient/carer opinion of their encounter with the discharge planning process following major trauma.

Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that include patients aged between 18 and 65 who had major traumatic central nervous system injury or were allocated an Injury Severity Score >12, with demonstrated possibility of having an ongoing disability at least one year post-injury. Qualitative studies exploring patient and/or carer experiences of their participation in discharge planning from a trauma unit, acute ward or inpatient rehabilitation to a community setting will be included.

Methods: A three-stage search will be conducted and will include unpublished and gray literature. Databases to be searched include PubMed, Embase, PyscInfo, Scopus and CINAHL. Only studies published in English will be considered. Identified studies will be screened for inclusion in the review by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted using a standardized tool and reviewers will discuss any disagreement. Data synthesis will adhere to the meta-aggregative approach to categorize findings. The categories will be synthesized into a set of findings that can be applied as evidence-based practice.

Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO CRD42019138431.

Objective: The primary question of the review is: What is known about retention of doctors in emergency medicine?

Introduction: There is a staffing crisis in emergency medicine and retention problems across healthcare. The evidence is disparate and includes healthcare research, management studies and policy documents from government and other agencies. Therefore there is a need to map the evidence on retention of emergency medicine doctors. This review is part of a wider study of the retention of doctors in emergency medicine situated in the UK.

Inclusion criteria: We will identify papers relating to emergency medicine doctors at all levels, using the different terms used internationally for these practitioners. We will exclude papers relating to other healthcare professions. We aim to include papers relating to retention; to identify these our search will include terms such as turnover and exodus. The setting is focused on the emergency department; studies focusing on working in other settings, for example, a minor injuries unit, will be excluded. Studies from any country will be included; however, we are limited to those published in English.

Methods: We will search medical literature databases including MEDLINE, Embase, HMIC, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the British Medical Journal collection. We will supplement this by searching business and management journals including Business Source Complete, ProQuest Business Database and Emerald Business and Management Journals. A structured iterative search of the gray literature will be conducted. Retrieved papers will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and a narrative summary that align with the review's objective.

Objective: The aim of this review is to identify and describe the evidence base of published primary, comparative healthcare delivery model evaluations that require the employment of additional healthcare practitioners undertaken in Australia.

Introduction: In Australia, formal processes are utilized in assessing the value of new pharmaceuticals and medical services, which inform decisions on whether to list new items on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule and Medicare Benefits Schedule, respectively. There are no formal processes to aid in decision making on the funding of new, evaluated healthcare delivery models. This imbalance undervalues the available evidence on healthcare delivery models, leading to the sub-optimal allocation of resources between new health technologies and new healthcare delivery models within the Australian health system.

Inclusion criteria: Eligible studies will evaluate healthcare delivery models that require the employment of additional healthcare practitioners (either to replace existing practitioners of another type or to provide new services). Studies must include a comparator to evaluate a condition of interest being treated using alternative healthcare delivery models, or no treatment, and will involve observation of outcomes over a similar period of time. Studies in any Australian setting will be included. Interventions aimed at primary preventions will be excluded.

Methods: PubMed, Embase and CINAHL will be searched for articles published from 2008. One reviewer will review titles, and then two reviewers will independently review abstracts to identify eligible studies. One reviewer will extract data on study characteristics and design. The results of the data extraction will be presented in a table with examples of case studies.

Objective: The objective of this review is to explore existing literature related to advanced practice nurse professional advancement programs in order to examine and map the evidence, and identify any gaps in the literature.

Introduction: Most hospital systems utilize professional advancement models for their staff to recognize and reward employees who exceed expectations. Advanced practice nurses in direct patient care were previously not included in most advancement programs because of the novelty of the role. Implementation of an advanced practice nurse advancement program in a hospital system could help alleviate burdens by increasing retention and decreasing turnover, thus improving quality outcomes and stability of the health system.

Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will consider studies that include advanced practice nurses in direct patient care roles participating in professional advancement programs. The concept is advanced practice nurse professional advancement programs and related criteria and characteristics (e.g. length of service, performance review, educational preparation) and outcomes (e.g. improved recruitment, retention or employee satisfaction). Studies that have been conducted in any setting and geographical location where advanced practice nurses are employed will be included.

Methods: Studies published in English from 1965 to present will be included. The databases to be searched include PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO. The search for unpublished evidence and gray literature will include ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, MedNar and various hospital websites. Retrieval of full-text studies and data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers. The extracted data will be presented in diagrammatic or tabular form with an accompanying narrative summary.

Objective: The objective of this review is to examine and map the reported forms, process functions, and objectives associated with private food safety standards to draw conclusions for public health nutrition.

Introduction: One pressing public health nutrition issue is the need for a healthier food supply to reduce diet-related risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Many organizations are involved in private food safety and/or nutrition standards that govern their food supply. With few published data on private nutrition standards, understanding the motivations behind enacting private food safety standards as a means of gaining authority may elucidate strategic opportunities of interest for the public health nutrition audience. This could positively affect the use of private standards and nutritional quality of packaged foods.

Inclusion criteria: Articles to be considered must focus on private food safety standards, which principally relate to the supply chain of packaged food for retail sale, in any country. In this group, the standard is largely invisible to consumers, and the dominant actors are private firms. Concepts of interest are the evolution, key drivers, regulatory form, function, objective and incentive for involvement in standard setting, adoption, implementation, conformity and enforcement of private food safety standards.

Methods: An extensive search of multiple databases and official websites to source gray literature will be undertaken to identify articles of any design, reports and conference proceedings in English from 2008 to present. Selection, screening and data synthesis will follow JBI methodology. Data extraction will be undertaken using an extraction tool developed for this scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this review is to identify and map existing knowledge on the methods and approaches used to implement Individual Placement and Support at scale in the health and welfare sectors, as well as the frameworks and methodological approaches used in implementation studies, and to identify knowledge gaps that are important for further research.

Introduction: Individual Placement and Support is an evidence-based, standardized approach designed to support people with mental health conditions to gain and maintain competitive jobs in the labor market. Translating scientific knowledge into mainstream practice is challenging, and there is insufficient knowledge of the approaches used to implement Individual Placement and Support at scale in the health and welfare sectors.

Inclusion criteria: This review will include studies reporting on the implementation of Individual Placement and Support for people with mental health conditions within a health and welfare context, from 1993 to the present. Studies that have abstracts in English, German or Scandinavian languages will be considered. Randomized controlled trials will be excluded.

Methods: The review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. We will follow a three-step search strategy to trace published studies. Search strategies are developed to fit with the databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PsycINFO, Base, OpenGrey and CINAHL. Data will be extracted from papers included in the review using data extraction tables developed by the reviewers. A qualitative content analysis will be used to facilitate the mapping of the results.

Objective: This scoping review aims to systematically identify and map the roles of primary healthcare professionals in rural and remote areas during natural, man-made and pandemic disasters.

Introduction: Disasters can be caused by natural events, man-made incidents or infective agents resulting in a pandemic. Healthcare practitioners working in primary care settings have important roles during disaster prevention, preparedness, response and recovery. When rural and remote settings are affected by disasters, there are unique challenges for healthcare professionals. This review will aim to contribute to disaster management knowledge within rural and remote primary health care, and assist in the development of practice-based disaster preparedness and future policy discussion.

Inclusion criteria: This review will consider studies that include primary healthcare professionals, defined as having first-level contact with patients in the community, in rural or remote areas only. The role of the healthcare professional will also be discussed within the paper. Research from Australia, Canada, the USA, New Zealand and the UK will be included.

Methods: Databases to be searched include CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PubMed, Scopus and Embase (Elsevier), as well as gray literature within Trove, MedNar and OpenGrey. The search will be limited to articles written in English and published from 1978 to the present. Titles and abstracts will be screened by two independent reviewers, and full-text studies will be retrieved and assessed against the inclusion criteria. Results will be recorded in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram. Data will be extracted and presented as a tabular summary with supporting narratives and figures.

Objective: This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on huddles in healthcare settings involving frontline staff.

Introduction: Team-based models are gaining prominence as the preferred method for delivering coordinated, cost-effective, high-quality health care. Huddles are a powerful method for building relationships among frontline staff members. Currently, no reviews have described huddles used among frontline staff in clinical settings. There is therefore a need to identify gaps in the literature on evidence informing this practice for a greater understanding of the resources available for frontline staff to implement huddles.

Inclusion criteria: This scoping review will consider qualitative studies, experimental and quasi-experimental studies, analytic observational studies and descriptive cross-sectional studies that explore the use of frontline staff huddles to improve quality of care in a clinical setting.

Methods: An initial limited search of PubMed and CINAHL Plus with Full Text will be performed, followed by analysis of the title, abstract and MeSH used to describe the article. Second, searches of PubMed, EBSCOhost and ProQuest will be conducted, followed by searches in reference lists of all articles that meet the inclusion criteria. Studies published in English from inception to the present will be considered. Retrieved papers will be screened for inclusion by at least two reviewers. Data will be extracted and presented in tabular form and a narrative summary that align with the review's objective.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to determine the theories of learning and methods used in teaching in postgraduate education in the health sciences. The longer-term objective was to use the information gathered to design a workshop for teachers of postgraduate students.

Introduction: Whilst undergraduate teaching in the health sciences has received considerable attention in the literature in terms of methods used, innovative ideas and outcomes, the same cannot be said of postgraduate education. A considerable amount of postgraduate teaching takes place in the workplace and often in the form of informal teaching. The increasing complexity of health problems calls for innovative teaching.

Inclusion criteria: Papers included in this review were those that considered postgraduate education in the health science disciplines, including but not limited to medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacy and dentistry, and that described theories of learning and/or teaching methods used in teaching.

Methods: Five databases were searched for the period 2001 through 2016. PubMed yielded the most records (3142). No relevant papers were identified through hand searching of the references of the included papers. A data extraction table was developed and used to extract relevant information from included papers.

Results: Sixty-one papers were included in the review. Most of the included papers were from the USA, with 17 published in 2015. Descriptive study designs were the most frequently identified study design. Most of the papers were from the medical disciplines. Twenty-seven papers did not refer to a teaching and learning theory, a further group referred to a theory but often towards the end of the paper, and seven papers had as their focus the importance of theories in medical education. The theories named were of a wide variety. Likewise, a wide range of teaching methods were identified.

Conclusions: It is clear that a range of theories and teaching methods are used in postgraduate health science education, with educators feeling the need to explore more innovative methods.