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Redeploying appendices in L2 phonology 在第二语言音系中重新部署附录
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.20388
J. Archibald, Marziyeh Yousef, Amjad Alhemaid
In this paper, we explore aspects of the production and perception of certain consonant clusters (in particular s + C clusters) in second language learners. We administered perception tasks (ABX and non-word transcription) and production tasks (reading, picture-based discussion, and elicited imitation) to native speakers of Persian and Arabic, and compare their results to those in previously published studies of other L1s. We will arrive at two broad conclusions. The first is that many subjects who demonstrate non-targetlike production of consonantal sequences by producing epenthetic vowels between the consonants are not hearing an illusory vowel in perception tasks. Thus, non-nativelike production is not always reflective of non-nativelike perception; non-nativelike production is not always caused by non-nativelike perception. Our second conclusion is that the locus of explanation for the accurate perception in subjects whose L1s lack s + C clusters is the presence or absence in the L1 of right-edge syllabic appendices. L1s which do not license appendices (Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese) will have difficulty perceiving L2 English s + C sequences, while L1s which do license appendices (Persian, Arabic) will not have difficulty perceiving L2 English s + C strings.
在本文中,我们探讨了某些辅音集群(特别是s + C集群)在第二语言学习者中产生和感知的各个方面。我们对以波斯语和阿拉伯语为母语的人进行感知任务(ABX和非单词转录)和生产任务(阅读、基于图片的讨论和诱导模仿),并将其结果与先前发表的其他外语研究结果进行比较。我们将得出两个广泛的结论。首先,在感知任务中,许多通过在辅音之间发出假元音而表现出非目标性的辅音序列的受试者并没有听到一个虚幻的元音。因此,非原生生产并不总是反映非原生感知;非原生生产并不总是由非原生感知引起的。我们的第二个结论是,对于缺乏s + C聚类的被试,其准确感知的解释点是在L1中是否存在右边缘音节附录。不允许附录(日语,巴西葡萄牙语)的l1在理解L2英语s + C序列方面有困难,而允许附录(波斯语,阿拉伯语)的l1在理解L2英语s + C字符串方面没有困难。
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引用次数: 1
Prevalence, severity and risk factors for speech disorders in US children 美国儿童语言障碍的患病率、严重程度和危险因素
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.20879
A. Choo, S. A. Smith, Hongli Li
Data from the US National Survey of Children’s Health for years 2007, 2011–2012, 2016 and 2017, based on parent report, were analysed to determine the prevalence, severity and specific risk factors (bilingualism, comorbidity, age, sex) for speech disorders. The prevalence of speech disorders was lower for children who are bilingual, without comorbidity, older and females. Parents of children who are bilingual, with comorbidity and in the youngest and oldest age groups were more likely to report moderate or severe symptoms. Unlike prior reports based on smaller samples, findings indicate that bilingual children are not at higher risk for speech disorders.
根据家长报告,分析了2007年、2011-2012年、2016年和2017年美国全国儿童健康调查的数据,以确定语言障碍的患病率、严重程度和特定风险因素(双语、合并症、年龄、性别)。双语儿童、无合并症、老年人和女性的语言障碍患病率较低。双语儿童、有合并症以及年龄最小和最大的儿童的父母更有可能报告中度或重度症状。与之前基于小样本的报告不同,研究结果表明,双语儿童患语言障碍的风险并不高。
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引用次数: 2
influence of age of acquisition, language proficiency and language use on Singapore English consonant perception 习得年龄、语言熟练程度和语言使用对新加坡英语辅音感知的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.19174
K. Kalaivanan, Firqin Sumartono, Ying‐Ying Tan
The present study investigates the extent to which age of acquisition (AoA), English language proficiency and use influence consonant perception in Singapore English (SgE). Consonantal pairs of interest were presented in a gating paradigm to determine the amount of linguistic information participants required for accurate consonant identification as a measure of perceptual acuity. Only the [th]–[?] and [t]–[?] phonetic contrasts emerged sensitive to differences in AoA of English, with the early AoA group outperforming the late AoA group. Language proficiency and use did not significantly influence consonant perception. The findings are discussed in light of how AoA may interact with the universal difficulty and distributional regularities of speech contrasts to affect speech processing. Future studies should investigate a wider range of SgE speakers and identify distributional regularities of speech sounds to gain a more comprehensive picture of the factors that influence consonant perception in SgE.
本研究探讨习得年龄(AoA)、英语语言熟练程度和使用对新加坡英语(SgE)辅音感知的影响程度。在门控范式中提出了感兴趣的辅音对,以确定参与者需要多少语言信息来准确识别辅音,作为感知灵敏度的衡量标准。只有[th] - [?]和[t] - [?]语音对比对英语语音识别的差异很敏感,早期语音识别组的表现优于晚期语音识别组。语言熟练程度和使用对辅音感知无显著影响。讨论了AoA如何与语音对比的普遍难度和分布规律相互作用,从而影响语音处理。未来的研究应在更大范围内调查SgE说话者,识别语音的分布规律,以更全面地了解影响SgE辅音感知的因素。
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引用次数: 1
Developmental language disorders in Cyprus 塞浦路斯的发展性语言障碍
Pub Date : 2022-06-22 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.20329
Elena Theodorou, M. Kambanaros, K. Petinou
The term developmental language disorder (DLD) refers to the condition in which a child fails to achieve the speech and language milestones that are expected for his/her chronological age. The disorder is often linked to a series of add-on effects such as learning difficulties, trouble with socializing, problematic behaviour and low self-esteem. According to the international literature, DLD affects approximately 7% of school children in mainstream education. This paper reports on research conducted in Cyprus aiming to map the services provided by speech and language therapists (SLTs) to children with DLD. A questionnaire containing key areas of enquiry was developed and distributed to professionals working with DLD in Cyprus. A total of 44 responses were submitted by SLTs who provide services to individuals with DLD. The findings showed that the majority of children with DLD are diagnosed with a mixed receptive/expressive language disorder and are, on average, 7 years of age. The speech therapy interventions provided by professionals were twice a week and were most often on an individual basis. The maximum number of sessions was not pre-determined. Findings underscored the need for further research in defining service provision issues for children with DLD in Cyprus. 
发展性语言障碍(DLD)是指儿童未能达到其实际年龄所期望的言语和语言里程碑的情况。这种障碍通常与一系列附加效应有关,如学习困难、社交困难、问题行为和自卑。根据国际文献,DLD影响了主流教育中约7%的学龄儿童。本文报告了在塞浦路斯进行的研究,旨在将语音和语言治疗师(slt)提供的服务映射到患有DLD的儿童。编制了一份载有主要调查领域的调查表,并分发给在塞浦路斯与民联合作的专业人员。为残疾人士提供服务的专业服务机构共提交了44份回应。研究结果表明,大多数患有DLD的儿童被诊断为混合的接受/表达语言障碍,平均年龄为7岁。由专业人士提供的言语治疗干预每周两次,大多数情况下以个人为基础。日志含义未预先设定最大会话数。调查结果强调需要进一步研究确定塞浦路斯残疾儿童的服务提供问题。
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引用次数: 1
Complexity and cross-linguistic transfer in intervention for Spanish-English bilingual children with speech sound disorder. 复杂性与跨语言迁移在西英双语儿童语音障碍干预中的作用。
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.23445
Philip Combiths, Alicia Escobedo, Jessica A Barlow, Sonja Pruitt-Lord

With bilingual children, intervention for speech sound disorders must consider both of the child's phonological systems, which are known to interact with each other in development. Further, cross-linguistic generalization following intervention for bilingual children with speech sound disorders (i.e., the impact of treatment in one language on the other) has been documented to varying degrees in some prior studies. However, none to date have documented the cross-linguistic impact of treatment with complex targets (e.g., consonant clusters) for bilingual children. Because complex phonological targets have been shown to induce system-wide generalization within a single language, the potential for bilingual children to generalize learning across languages could impact the efficiency of intervention in this population. This pilot intervention study examines the system-wide, cross-linguistic effects of treatment targeting consonant clusters in Spanish for two Spanish-English bilingual children with phonological disorder. Treatment was provided with 45-minute sessions in Spanish via teletherapy, three times per week for six weeks. Comprehensive phonological probes were administered in English and Spanish prior to intervention and across multiple baselines. Pre-intervention data were compared to data from probes administered during and after intervention to generate qualitative and quantitative measures of treatment outcomes and cross-linguistic generalization. Results indicate a medium effect size for system-wide generalization in Spanish (the language of treatment) and English (not targeted in treatment), for both participants (mean effect size in Spanish: 3.6; English 4.3). These findings have implications for across-language transfer and system-wide generalization in treatment for bilingual children.

对于双语儿童,言语障碍的干预必须考虑到儿童的语音系统,这两个系统在发展过程中是相互作用的。此外,先前的一些研究在不同程度上记录了对双语儿童语音障碍干预后的跨语言推广(即一种语言治疗对另一种语言的影响)。然而,到目前为止,还没有文献记载复杂目标(如辅音集群)治疗对双语儿童的跨语言影响。由于复杂的语音目标已被证明可以在单一语言中诱导系统范围的泛化,因此双语儿童跨语言泛化学习的潜力可能会影响对这一人群的干预效率。这项试点干预研究考察了针对两名有语音障碍的西英双语儿童的西班牙语辅音簇治疗的全系统、跨语言效果。治疗通过远程治疗提供45分钟的西班牙语疗程,每周三次,持续六周。在干预前用英语和西班牙语进行全面的语音探测,并跨越多个基线。将干预前数据与干预期间和干预后使用的探针数据进行比较,以产生治疗结果和跨语言推广的定性和定量测量。结果表明,对两名参与者来说,西班牙语(治疗语言)和英语(非治疗目标语言)的全系统泛化效应量为中等(西班牙语平均效应量:3.6;英语4.3)。这些发现对双语儿童的跨语言迁移和全系统推广治疗具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes towards code-switching among young and middle-aged Kannada–English-speaking adults 中青年说卡纳那语的成年人对语码转换的态度
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.18542
M. Niharika, Suresh Suman, S. Aishwarya, H. N. Gurkar Harshitha
Code-switching (CS) is a natural sociolinguistic phenomenon in bilingualism. This study investigated the attitudes of young and middle-aged Kannada–English-speaking adults towards CS. A total of 254 participants (143 young and 111 middle-aged) participated in this online survey. The survey included four components: demographic characteristics, proficiency, attitude and sentence acceptability task. Further, the study examined the relationship between age, proficiency, acceptability judgments and attitudes toward code-switching. Frequency analyses estimated the number and percentage of occurrences of the categorical variables. Chi-square test of association assessed the relationship between sociolinguistic variables such as age and language proficiency. Results revealed that participants generally had a positive attitude towards code-switching. The effects of age on attitudes towards CS are discussed. Overall, the study intended to draw insights regarding attitudes towards CS in India.
语码转换是一种自然的双语社会语言现象。本研究调查了说卡纳那语的中青年成年人对计算机科学的态度。共有254名参与者(143名年轻人和111名中年人)参加了此次在线调查。调查内容包括人口统计学特征、熟练程度、态度和句子可接受性任务四个部分。进一步研究了年龄、熟练程度、可接受性判断与语码转换态度的关系。频率分析估计了分类变量出现的数量和百分比。卡方关联检验评估了年龄和语言能力等社会语言学变量之间的关系。结果显示,参与者普遍对语码转换持积极态度。讨论了年龄对计算机科学态度的影响。总的来说,这项研究旨在了解印度人对CS的态度。
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引用次数: 0
First person singular subject pronoun expression in Equatoguinean Spanish 赤道几内亚西班牙语第一人称单数主语代词表达
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.18453
Lillie Padilla
The present study examines the linguistic and social factors that affect first person singular subject pronoun expression (SPE) in Equatoguinean Spanish. It also questions whether first person singular SPE in Equatoguinean Spanish supports or contradicts the tenets of the interface hypothesis. The data were analysed with the mixed effect software Rbrul. It consisted of transcriptions of audio recordings of 30 Equatoguinean participants in Malabo. The overt pronoun rate found in these data is 25.1%. The linguistic factors that also influence first person singular SPE are ambiguity, verb class and reference, whereas the social factors are education and speaker. Due to the low ranking of reference, the prediction of the interface hypothesis is supported in this study.
本研究考察了影响赤道几内亚西班牙语第一人称单数主语代词表达(SPE)的语言和社会因素。它还质疑赤道几内亚西班牙语中的第一人称单数SPE是否支持或反对界面假说的原则。采用混合效应软件Rbrul对数据进行分析。它包括30名赤道几内亚人在马拉博的录音的抄本。在这些数据中发现的显性代词率为25.1%。影响第一人称单数SPE的语言因素有歧义、动词类和指称,社会因素有教育程度和说话人。由于参考排序较低,本研究支持界面假设的预测。
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引用次数: 4
Reaction times to morphologically inflected nonwords 对词形变化的非词的反应时间
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.19485
L. Cilibrasi, Lucie Jiránková
Previous work has shown that monolingual speakers of English are sensitive to the presence of inflectional morphology when it is applied to nonwords. For example, when a nonword ends in a sequence of phonemes that respect the morphophonological rules regulating tense inflection, speakers are slower in recognising it. In this study, we investigated whether a similar pattern applies to second language learners as well. 91 learners of English with Czech as L1 where presented with a same/different minimal pairs task containing nonwords with various endings (in one condition, a sequence of phonemes that could be interpreted as an inflectional morpheme). Consistently with research on monolingual participants, the study showed that also second language learners are slower in processing nonwords that contain potential inflectional morphemes. The pattern was observed from low levels of proficiency, suggesting that learners are sensitive to these rules from early stages of learning.
先前的研究表明,单语英语使用者在使用非单词时对屈折形态的存在很敏感。例如,当一个非单词以一系列音素结尾时,这些音素尊重调节时态变化的语音学规则,说话者识别它的速度就会变慢。在这项研究中,我们调查了类似的模式是否也适用于第二语言学习者。91名以捷克语为母语的英语学习者被要求完成包含不同词尾的非词的相同/不同最小对任务(在一种条件下,一组音素序列可以被解释为屈折语素)。与对单语参与者的研究一致,该研究表明,第二语言学习者在处理包含潜在屈折语素的非单词时也较慢。这种模式是从低水平的熟练程度观察到的,这表明学习者从学习的早期阶段就对这些规则很敏感。
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引用次数: 0
Being in bilingual speech 说双语
Pub Date : 2021-12-10 DOI: 10.1558/jmbs.19374
Osmer Balam, M. C. P. Couto, Mia Amanda Chen
In the present study, we investigated estar constructions in the Spanish/English code-switching variety of northern Belize, which is well known for its prolific use of hacer bilingual compound verbs in code-switched speech. To this end, we extracted and analysed 364 unilingual Spanish and 158 bilingual estar constructions from naturalistic speech in order (i) to examine the occurrence of estar with predicative adjectives, present participles, and past participles in both unilingual and code-switched discourse; and (ii) to determine how type of bilingualism (emergent versus dynamic) and frequency of use of hacer bilingual compound verbs, influence the naturalistic production of estar constructions. Results revealed that the production of estar with English predicative adjectives and English past participles was favoured in bilingual discourse. Importantly, the use of ‘estar + English past participle’ constructions was favoured by dynamic bilinguals who more frequently employed hacer ‘do’ bilingual compound verbs. Our findings highlight the important role that bilingual competence plays in the naturalistic production of congruent structures in code-switched speech. 
在本研究中,我们调查了伯利兹北部的西班牙语/英语语码转换变体中的星形结构,该变体以其在语码转换言语中大量使用hacer双语复合动词而闻名。为此,我们从自然主义语篇中提取并分析了364个单语西班牙语和158个双语星形结构,目的是:(1)研究星形结构在单语语篇和语码转换语篇中与谓语形容词、现在分词和过去分词一起出现的情况;(ii)确定双语类型(突现与动态)和hacer双语复合动词的使用频率如何影响星形结构的自然产生。结果表明,英语谓语形容词和英语过去分词在双语语篇中更倾向于产生estar。重要的是,动态双语者更喜欢使用“star +英语过去分词”结构,他们更频繁地使用“do”双语复合动词。我们的研究结果强调了双语能力在语码转换言语中自然产生一致结构中的重要作用。
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引用次数: 2
Early grammatical development in Cypriot Greek 塞浦路斯希腊语的早期语法发展
Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI: 10.1558/JMBS.15450
Loukia Taxitari
The current study investigates the grammatical development of toddlers acquiring Cypriot Greek as their first language. The MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) was used to collect data from parents of children between 18 and 30 months of age. This is the first large-scale study presenting information on the grammatical development of children in Cyprus, as well as comparisons between grammatical development and other aspects of language development, such as lexical development. The data included information on several grammatical features, such as the formation of plural in nouns, or person in verbs, as well as children’s utterance length (MLU3-w) as a measure of morphosyntactic abilities. The analysis showed a significant increase with age in children’s grammatical complexity (the number of grammatical features produced by children), length of utterance as well as children’s lexicons, with an overall advantage of girls over boys. Additionally, the different grammatical features were shown to develop at different times and pace, with an interesting increase at the end of the second and the beginning of the third year. Overall grammatical development is shown to be ‘piecemeal’, supporting usage-based accounts of morphological development.
目前的研究调查了以塞浦路斯希腊语为第一语言的幼儿的语法发展。麦克阿瑟-贝茨交际发展量表(CDI)用于收集18至30个月大儿童的父母的数据。这是第一次大规模的研究,提供了关于塞浦路斯儿童语法发展的信息,以及语法发展与语言发展的其他方面,如词汇发展之间的比较。这些数据包括一些语法特征的信息,比如名词中的复数形式,动词中的人称形式,以及儿童的话语长度(MLU3-w),作为形态句法能力的衡量标准。分析显示,随着年龄的增长,儿童的语法复杂性(儿童产生的语法特征的数量)、话语长度和词汇量都有显著增加,总体上女孩比男孩有优势。此外,不同的语法特征以不同的时间和速度发展,在第二年末和第三年初有一个有趣的增长。整体的语法发展被证明是“零碎的”,支持基于用法的形态学发展。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of monolingual and bilingual speech
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