Mei-Wei Chang, J. Pek, Duane T. Wegener, Jessica Page Sherman
Background: Physical activity promotes health benefits. Yet, low-income overweight or obese mothers with young children have been significantly underrepresented in prior lifestyle intervention studies that include healthy eating and physical activity. The study aimed to evaluate an intervention effect on physical activity among these women participated in a community-based randomized controlled lifestyle behavior intervention study. Methods: Participants (N = 612) were randomly assigned to a 16-week lifestyle behavior intervention or comparison group. All participants self-reported self-efficacy, emotional coping, social support, autonomous motivation, and leisure time physical activity. We applied a general linear mixed model to test the intervention effect on physical activity at the end of the intervention (T2, 338 participants) and at 3-month follow-up (T3, 311 participants). Results: At T2, the intervention group reported a statistically significant higher score in self-efficacy (d = 0.38), emotional coping (d = 0.21), autonomous motivation (d = 0.26), and vigorous physical activity (d = 0.28) than the comparison group. However, there was no group difference in social support. At T3, the intervention group reported a statistically significant higher score in self-efficacy (d = 0.24) than the comparison group, but there were no group differences in other measures. Conclusion: The 16-week lifestyle behavior intervention yielded short and long-term effects on self-efficacy but only short-term effects on emotional coping, autonomous motivation, and vigorous physical activity.
{"title":"Lifestyle Behavior Intervention Effect on Physical Activity in Low-Income Overweight or Obese Mothers of Young Children","authors":"Mei-Wei Chang, J. Pek, Duane T. Wegener, Jessica Page Sherman","doi":"10.26502/jppch.74050119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppch.74050119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical activity promotes health benefits. Yet, low-income overweight or obese mothers with young children have been significantly underrepresented in prior lifestyle intervention studies that include healthy eating and physical activity. The study aimed to evaluate an intervention effect on physical activity among these women participated in a community-based randomized controlled lifestyle behavior intervention study. Methods: Participants (N = 612) were randomly assigned to a 16-week lifestyle behavior intervention or comparison group. All participants self-reported self-efficacy, emotional coping, social support, autonomous motivation, and leisure time physical activity. We applied a general linear mixed model to test the intervention effect on physical activity at the end of the intervention (T2, 338 participants) and at 3-month follow-up (T3, 311 participants). Results: At T2, the intervention group reported a statistically significant higher score in self-efficacy (d = 0.38), emotional coping (d = 0.21), autonomous motivation (d = 0.26), and vigorous physical activity (d = 0.28) than the comparison group. However, there was no group difference in social support. At T3, the intervention group reported a statistically significant higher score in self-efficacy (d = 0.24) than the comparison group, but there were no group differences in other measures. Conclusion: The 16-week lifestyle behavior intervention yielded short and long-term effects on self-efficacy but only short-term effects on emotional coping, autonomous motivation, and vigorous physical activity.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69350729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-08-28DOI: 10.26502/jppch.74050130
Hakem Alomani, Ahmed Ramadan, Gehad Omran, Mohamed Elbiomy, Mahmoud Elzonfly, Asma Alenazi, Njood AlBarrak, Ali A Alakhfash, Ramesh K Vishwakarma, Fawaz Alanzi, Yousef Alotaibi
Objective: To examine the accuracy of our national Life-Saving Protocol (LSP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study addressing this issue in Saudi Arabia.
Background: LSP was created to facilitate triaging patients with LIFE or LIMB threatening conditions in peripheral hospitals with limited services to large regional hospitals to receive definitive care.
Method: This is a retrospective single-center observational study over 12 months studying the patients who arrived via LSP to our Emergency room (ED), at the only regional pediatric hospital. For the subgroup of patients who were admitted to PICU through LSP, we further assessed their outcomes like mortality and length of stay (LOS) through a matched case-control study of 1:1 with similar patients who were admitted to our PICU via other routes rather than LSP. The primary outcome is to assess the accuracy of the LSP in triaging pediatric patients with LIFE of LIMB conditions. Secondary outcomes include assessing the association between LSP and (mortality, LOS) for those who were admitted to the regional PICU via LSP compared to patients admitted to PICU via other sources of admission.
Results: During the study period, 118 patients arrived at our ED via LSP. Only 43 patients (36 %) were admitted to the PICU with LIFE or LIMB conditions. A total of 64 patients (54%) of the patients were admitted directly to the general pediatric ward from ED level due to absence of LIFE of LIMB threatening condition and 8% (n=9) were discharged immediately home from the ED level due to lack of any significant illness. One patient died at ED level, and one was referred to another hospital with a minor orthopedic injury. For those who were admitted to the PICU via LSP, the mortality rate was (13.9%) (6/43), and the control group was (4.6%) (2/43) with a p-value of 0.08.
Conclusion: LSP is an excellent initiative and essential tool in our healthcare system; however, our study showed huge variation in the ability of the system to recognize true pediatric patients with LIFE or LIMB conditions. Our study might form a stepping-stone in future studies assessing the LSP at the national level.
{"title":"Assessing Pediatric Inter-Hospital Transfer: A single-center, Retrospective, Observational Study of Saudi Arabia's National Life-Saving Protocol.","authors":"Hakem Alomani, Ahmed Ramadan, Gehad Omran, Mohamed Elbiomy, Mahmoud Elzonfly, Asma Alenazi, Njood AlBarrak, Ali A Alakhfash, Ramesh K Vishwakarma, Fawaz Alanzi, Yousef Alotaibi","doi":"10.26502/jppch.74050130","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jppch.74050130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the accuracy of our national Life-Saving Protocol (LSP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study addressing this issue in Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>LSP was created to facilitate triaging patients with LIFE or LIMB threatening conditions in peripheral hospitals with limited services to large regional hospitals to receive definitive care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a retrospective single-center observational study over 12 months studying the patients who arrived via LSP to our Emergency room (ED), at the only regional pediatric hospital. For the subgroup of patients who were admitted to PICU through LSP, we further assessed their outcomes like mortality and length of stay (LOS) through a matched case-control study of 1:1 with similar patients who were admitted to our PICU via other routes rather than LSP. The primary outcome is to assess the accuracy of the LSP in triaging pediatric patients with LIFE of LIMB conditions. Secondary outcomes include assessing the association between LSP and (mortality, LOS) for those who were admitted to the regional PICU via LSP compared to patients admitted to PICU via other sources of admission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 118 patients arrived at our ED via LSP. Only 43 patients (36 %) were admitted to the PICU with LIFE or LIMB conditions. A total of 64 patients (54%) of the patients were admitted directly to the general pediatric ward from ED level due to absence of LIFE of LIMB threatening condition and 8% (n=9) were discharged immediately home from the ED level due to lack of any significant illness. One patient died at ED level, and one was referred to another hospital with a minor orthopedic injury. For those who were admitted to the PICU via LSP, the mortality rate was (13.9%) (6/43), and the control group was (4.6%) (2/43) with a p-value of 0.08.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LSP is an excellent initiative and essential tool in our healthcare system; however, our study showed huge variation in the ability of the system to recognize true pediatric patients with LIFE or LIMB conditions. Our study might form a stepping-stone in future studies assessing the LSP at the national level.</p>","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"6 4","pages":"452-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9879325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10646833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relation Streptococcus Mutans’ Count between Mother and their Neonates within Two Life: An Ex Vivo Study. Health 6 (2022): Abstract Background: Human infants are considered germ free before birth. Immediately after birth, the infant is exposed to millions of microorganisms. During birth and shortly after the birth, epithelial lining of the mouths of neonates are colonized by different microbial species. Objective: To Determine The Co-relation of Salivary Streptococcu s Mutans’ Count Between Mother and their Neonates within Two Days of Life. Study Design: It was an ex-vivo, microbial, double blinded, interventional, comparative study. Participants: 42-mothers aged 22-40 years and their 42-neonates born through vaginal delivery. Intervention: Oral screening of participant mothers was performed to record DMFT/DMFS and Periodontal index. Participants were divided into two groups based on high caries status (DMFT score ≥6) and low caries status (DMFT score≤1). Samples were taken from mothers’ oral cavity, neonates mouth on day one and within 48 hours by swabbing the tip of Journal of Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health mucosa on left side. Mutans streptococci (MS) were cultivated on Mutans Sanguis Agar. Outcome: After 48 hours MS count in neonates from Group A was higher than Neonates in Group B which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Results: Mothers in group A showed more MS count than Group B which was highly significant (p< 0.001). The MS count in neonates remained zero immediately after birth irrespective of the MS count in mothers of both the Groups. Conclusion: As evidence of bacterial transmission has been identified within two days of birth, it can be characterized as two crucial days for oral bacterial infection.
{"title":"The Co-relation of Salivary Streptococcus Mutans’ Count between Mother and their Neonates within Two Days of Life: An Ex Vivo Microbial Study","authors":"Susmita S Shah, Bhavna H Dave","doi":"10.26502/jppch.74050094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppch.74050094","url":null,"abstract":"The relation Streptococcus Mutans’ Count between Mother and their Neonates within Two Life: An Ex Vivo Study. Health 6 (2022): Abstract Background: Human infants are considered germ free before birth. Immediately after birth, the infant is exposed to millions of microorganisms. During birth and shortly after the birth, epithelial lining of the mouths of neonates are colonized by different microbial species. Objective: To Determine The Co-relation of Salivary Streptococcu s Mutans’ Count Between Mother and their Neonates within Two Days of Life. Study Design: It was an ex-vivo, microbial, double blinded, interventional, comparative study. Participants: 42-mothers aged 22-40 years and their 42-neonates born through vaginal delivery. Intervention: Oral screening of participant mothers was performed to record DMFT/DMFS and Periodontal index. Participants were divided into two groups based on high caries status (DMFT score ≥6) and low caries status (DMFT score≤1). Samples were taken from mothers’ oral cavity, neonates mouth on day one and within 48 hours by swabbing the tip of Journal of Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health mucosa on left side. Mutans streptococci (MS) were cultivated on Mutans Sanguis Agar. Outcome: After 48 hours MS count in neonates from Group A was higher than Neonates in Group B which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Results: Mothers in group A showed more MS count than Group B which was highly significant (p< 0.001). The MS count in neonates remained zero immediately after birth irrespective of the MS count in mothers of both the Groups. Conclusion: As evidence of bacterial transmission has been identified within two days of birth, it can be characterized as two crucial days for oral bacterial infection.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69350162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The satisfaction of external jobs and education, which can be substituted for those of child-rearing, have a significant impact on women's working status, which is inversely associated with fertility. The aim of this study is to find out the factors influencing the number of children of working women. Methods: This study examined a total of 18861 working women in Bangladesh, using a nationally representative survey. This study considered working women and the number of children as the dependent variable and various respondents and their husband education, age at first marriage, wealth index, contraceptive use, place of residence and religion were considered as the independent variable. Multiple classification analysis with the number of children is the dependent variable and a set of independent variables was used to determine the influential factors on working women. Results: The number of children is most influenced by the respondent's education and another influence is the age of the first marriage and wealth index. Rural women have greater fertility than urban women, and Muslim respondents had a higher number of births than non-Muslim respondents. The number of children is significantly negative effects on both respondents and their husband education, age at first marriage and wealth index in both three models. Conclusion: Greater involvement of women in working/employment/ labor force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Bangladesh. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider women’s education, husband education, age at first marriage and wealth index should be influential factors of the number of children of working women. Finally, it may conclude that improving the educational status of both wife and husband and reducing early marriage and same time marriageable age should be increased for both males and females.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Number of Children Born to Working Women in Bangladesh: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Md. Rashedul Alam, M. Rahman, Y. Sawangdee","doi":"10.26502/jppch.74050133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jppch.74050133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The satisfaction of external jobs and education, which can be substituted for those of child-rearing, have a significant impact on women's working status, which is inversely associated with fertility. The aim of this study is to find out the factors influencing the number of children of working women. Methods: This study examined a total of 18861 working women in Bangladesh, using a nationally representative survey. This study considered working women and the number of children as the dependent variable and various respondents and their husband education, age at first marriage, wealth index, contraceptive use, place of residence and religion were considered as the independent variable. Multiple classification analysis with the number of children is the dependent variable and a set of independent variables was used to determine the influential factors on working women. Results: The number of children is most influenced by the respondent's education and another influence is the age of the first marriage and wealth index. Rural women have greater fertility than urban women, and Muslim respondents had a higher number of births than non-Muslim respondents. The number of children is significantly negative effects on both respondents and their husband education, age at first marriage and wealth index in both three models. Conclusion: Greater involvement of women in working/employment/ labor force is not the main reason for fertility decline in Bangladesh. These findings illustrate how important it is to consider women’s education, husband education, age at first marriage and wealth index should be influential factors of the number of children of working women. Finally, it may conclude that improving the educational status of both wife and husband and reducing early marriage and same time marriageable age should be increased for both males and females.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69350419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-05DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-944734/v1
C. Gewa, A. Onyango, R. Opiyo, J. Gittelsohn, LawrenceJ Cheskin
Introduction : Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children. Methods Six public schools, with children from low-, medium- and high-income households in Nairobi and Kisumu cities were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was collected on randomly-selected students aged 10–12 years at each school. Students’ weights, heights, waist circumferences, and tricep, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were measured. Body-mass-index-for-age z-scores were used to classify students into underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese categories. Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. Parents, with the help of their children, completed questionnaires on student’s dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviors. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were available for 390 students. We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity. Results Overall, 21% of the students were overweight or obese and 9% of them had abdominal obesity. Median total skinfold measurements was 32.5 mm. Prevalence of unhealthful behaviors varied significantly by student’s age, gender, school income levels, city, and frequency of consumption of restaurant foods. Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption. Conclusion We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa.
{"title":"Association Between Primary School Students’ Unhealthful Behaviors and Overweight/Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Urban Kenya","authors":"C. Gewa, A. Onyango, R. Opiyo, J. Gittelsohn, LawrenceJ Cheskin","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-944734/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-944734/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction\u0000\u0000: Although obesity prevalence is known to be rising in East Africa, research on childhood obesity is still minimal. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of unhealthful dietary patterns, physical activity and sleep behaviors among primary school children in two urban settings in Kenya and explored the association between the behaviors and overweight/obesity among the children.\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000Six public schools, with children from low-, medium- and high-income households in Nairobi and Kisumu cities were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was collected on randomly-selected students aged 10–12 years at each school. Students’ weights, heights, waist circumferences, and tricep, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac skinfolds were measured. Body-mass-index-for-age z-scores were used to classify students into underweight, healthy weight, overweight and obese categories. Waist-circumference-to-height ratio above 0.5 was used to define abdominal obesity and the total amount of body fat was estimated from the sum of skinfold measures. Parents, with the help of their children, completed questionnaires on student’s dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviors. Anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were available for 390 students. We utilized prevalence ratio analysis to examine the association between socio-economic/demographic characteristics, unhealthful behaviors and overweight/obesity.\u0000Results\u0000\u0000Overall, 21% of the students were overweight or obese and 9% of them had abdominal obesity. Median total skinfold measurements was 32.5 mm. Prevalence of unhealthful behaviors varied significantly by student’s age, gender, school income levels, city, and frequency of consumption of restaurant foods. Students who consumed less than recommended amount of fruit servings had 1.68 times the risk of being overweight/obese, 2.49 times the risk of having abdominal obesity and 1.47 times the risk of having high total skinfold values compared to students with adequate fruit intake. Students with high frequency of consumption of red/processed meats had 1.50 times the risk of being overweight/obesity compared to students with less-frequent consumption.\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000We found a rather high prevalence of unhealthful dietary behaviors among primary school students in Kenya, identified their determinants, and the association between specific behaviors and overweight/obesity. These results can guide childhood obesity prevention measures in Kenya and other nations in East Africa.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41829926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-782334/v1
Hussain Sadeq, Entesar H. Husain, Farah Almutawa, W. Al-Qabandi, Talal AlSaleem
BackgroundCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 2020. Several measures have been attempted to contain the spread of the virus including school closures and lockdown. These measures have resulted in children staying at home with potential hazard exposure such as accidental drug or foreign body ingestions. In this study, we want to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related measures on admissions of children with accidental foreign body or drug ingestion. Methods All accidental ingestion admissions to pediatric wards at Al-Amiri hospital during the pandemic from March 2020 till February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. They were compared with admission data from the pre-pandemic period from March 2019 till February 2020. Results There were 90 admission with accidental ingestion during the Pandemic compared to 138 admissions in the pre pandemic period. The mean age of admission during non-COVID-19 period was 3.9 ± 2.6 years, and 4.1 ± 2.9 years during pandemic period. The most common cause of accidental ingestion in children in both periods was medication ingestion. Coin ingestion was the second common cause during the pandemic compared to detergent in the pre-pandemic period. ConclusionsDespite children’s stay at home during COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in hospitalization with accidental ingestion. This emphasizes the significance of family availability and constant observation of children at home as an important safety measure.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic On Accidental Ingestions In Children: Observational Study","authors":"Hussain Sadeq, Entesar H. Husain, Farah Almutawa, W. Al-Qabandi, Talal AlSaleem","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-782334/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-782334/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundCoronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on March 2020. Several measures have been attempted to contain the spread of the virus including school closures and lockdown. These measures have resulted in children staying at home with potential hazard exposure such as accidental drug or foreign body ingestions. In this study, we want to investigate the impact of COVID-19-related measures on admissions of children with accidental foreign body or drug ingestion. Methods All accidental ingestion admissions to pediatric wards at Al-Amiri hospital during the pandemic from March 2020 till February 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. They were compared with admission data from the pre-pandemic period from March 2019 till February 2020. Results There were 90 admission with accidental ingestion during the Pandemic compared to 138 admissions in the pre pandemic period. The mean age of admission during non-COVID-19 period was 3.9 ± 2.6 years, and 4.1 ± 2.9 years during pandemic period. The most common cause of accidental ingestion in children in both periods was medication ingestion. Coin ingestion was the second common cause during the pandemic compared to detergent in the pre-pandemic period. ConclusionsDespite children’s stay at home during COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reduction in hospitalization with accidental ingestion. This emphasizes the significance of family availability and constant observation of children at home as an important safety measure.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67969279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-751147/v1
T. Ramdin, R. Bandini, R. Saggers, M. Radomsky, Mphelekedzeni C. Mulaudzi, S. Bhoora, D. Ballot
Background: The global spread of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been sudden shock to the world and resulted in many questions that remain unanswered. Limited data has been published in low-middle-income country settings (LMICS) Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of mothers and neonates delivered from COVID-19 positive mothers, and to identify the incidence of COVID-19 positive neonates.Methods: A prospective, descriptive study, from 1 August 2020 to 31 March 2021 conducted at a tertiary hospital, in JohannesburgAll neonates born to mothers that were COVID-19 positive and that required admission to the neonatal unit were included. Informed consent was obtained from mothers prior to enrolment.Results: A total of 111 COVID-19 positive pregnant women delivered neonates at the tertiary hospital. In this study, only 28 of the 111 (25%) neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were admitted. The majority of the COVID-19 pregnant mothers were asymptomatic or had mild symptomatic disease (80%). Two (2/111 (2%) mothers required ICU admission and three (3/111 (3%) of them demised. In relation to neonatal outcomes, the majority of the neonates were delivered at a gestational age of 35 weeks with a birth weight of 2400 grams .The most common symptom was respiratory distress (89 %). The one (3%) neonate that tested positive for COVID-19 was born moderately preterm with a low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome. Two (2/28 (7%) neonates demised, however the cause of death was not related to COVID-19. All the remaining (26/28 (93%) neonates were discharged and were well on follow up. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the risk of neonatal transmission from pregnant COVID-19 mothers is relatively low, and the majority of neonatal disease ranged from asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic disease. Further research efforts are essential to improve neonatal care in LMICS.
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics, Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes of COVID-19 Positive Pregnant Mothers at a Tertiary Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa","authors":"T. Ramdin, R. Bandini, R. Saggers, M. Radomsky, Mphelekedzeni C. Mulaudzi, S. Bhoora, D. Ballot","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-751147/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-751147/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The global spread of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been sudden shock to the world and resulted in many questions that remain unanswered. Limited data has been published in low-middle-income country settings (LMICS) Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of mothers and neonates delivered from COVID-19 positive mothers, and to identify the incidence of COVID-19 positive neonates.Methods: A prospective, descriptive study, from 1 August 2020 to 31 March 2021 conducted at a tertiary hospital, in JohannesburgAll neonates born to mothers that were COVID-19 positive and that required admission to the neonatal unit were included. Informed consent was obtained from mothers prior to enrolment.Results: A total of 111 COVID-19 positive pregnant women delivered neonates at the tertiary hospital. In this study, only 28 of the 111 (25%) neonates born to COVID-19 positive mothers were admitted. The majority of the COVID-19 pregnant mothers were asymptomatic or had mild symptomatic disease (80%). Two (2/111 (2%) mothers required ICU admission and three (3/111 (3%) of them demised. In relation to neonatal outcomes, the majority of the neonates were delivered at a gestational age of 35 weeks with a birth weight of 2400 grams .The most common symptom was respiratory distress (89 %). The one (3%) neonate that tested positive for COVID-19 was born moderately preterm with a low birth weight and respiratory distress syndrome. Two (2/28 (7%) neonates demised, however the cause of death was not related to COVID-19. All the remaining (26/28 (93%) neonates were discharged and were well on follow up. Conclusion: Our study has shown that the risk of neonatal transmission from pregnant COVID-19 mothers is relatively low, and the majority of neonatal disease ranged from asymptomatic to mildly symptomatic disease. Further research efforts are essential to improve neonatal care in LMICS.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-660796/V1
U. Vickos, G. Gaiera, N. Cotugno, Christelle Luce Bobossi Gadia, Ornella Anne Sibiro Demi, A. Sala, M. Sampaolo, A. Faou, E. Boeri
Introduction: The emergence of HIV-1 recombinant forms and Drug combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) resistance are frequent in the therapeutic course of HIV-infected children in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) precisely in Central African Republic (CAR) as evidenced by studies carried out in the Bangui capital. Vertical transmission rate including during breastfeeding is 12.4. The aim of study is to analyze retrospectively the molecular characterization of sequencing results and mutation detected in HIV infected children who have received cART initiated since infancy. Methods: The 2019 retrospective review of the clinical, therapeutical, and immunological-molecular records of six children who were performed the genome sequencing, followed in Bouar, at the St Michel IST and HIV Center, in the north-west of the CAR. These children infected with HIV perinatally had their seropositive test performed at a median age of 6 years and initiated cARTs at an average age of 7 years as part of treatment regimens also used for the prevention of vertical transmission and the initiation of treatment for HIV infection in CAR. Results: We analyzed results from viral RNA extracted amplification and sequencing of 6 children plasma samples collected under first line antiretroviral therapy. Persistent opportunist infections confirmed Immunosuppression in all patients. Sequencing of viral genomes revealed high level resistance mutations to NRTIs (ABC, FTC and 3TC) in five patients and to NNRTIs (EFV, NVP used locally and DOR, ETR and RPV unused) for all with ambiguous positions in amino-acids comparison and deletion. The HIV-1 group M found in these patients were sub-type A (1) and G-J (1), and CRF02_AG (4), respectively. Three CRF02_AG strains formed a variant cluster by strongly detaching from other CAR and worldwide strains with robust boostrap at 91. Retention and adherence were complicated by the cART limited number and laboratory tests, the irregular supply, and the remoteness of patients from the Center. Conclusions: The genomes sequencing showed that resistance mutations made the treatment inefficient confirming the observed virological and immunological failure. The CRF02_AG genotype is an emerging variant, probably of foreign origin. This discovery clearly highlights the importance and the necessity of ART genetic resistance testing and personalized medicine.
{"title":"High Resistance Mutation To cART In HIV-1 Exposed Infected Children And Recent Emergence Of CRF02_AG Variant In Bouar, A Rural Environment of Central African Republic","authors":"U. Vickos, G. Gaiera, N. Cotugno, Christelle Luce Bobossi Gadia, Ornella Anne Sibiro Demi, A. Sala, M. Sampaolo, A. Faou, E. Boeri","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-660796/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-660796/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: The emergence of HIV-1 recombinant forms and Drug combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) resistance are frequent in the therapeutic course of HIV-infected children in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) precisely in Central African Republic (CAR) as evidenced by studies carried out in the Bangui capital. Vertical transmission rate including during breastfeeding is 12.4. The aim of study is to analyze retrospectively the molecular characterization of sequencing results and mutation detected in HIV infected children who have received cART initiated since infancy. Methods: The 2019 retrospective review of the clinical, therapeutical, and immunological-molecular records of six children who were performed the genome sequencing, followed in Bouar, at the St Michel IST and HIV Center, in the north-west of the CAR. These children infected with HIV perinatally had their seropositive test performed at a median age of 6 years and initiated cARTs at an average age of 7 years as part of treatment regimens also used for the prevention of vertical transmission and the initiation of treatment for HIV infection in CAR. Results: We analyzed results from viral RNA extracted amplification and sequencing of 6 children plasma samples collected under first line antiretroviral therapy. Persistent opportunist infections confirmed Immunosuppression in all patients. Sequencing of viral genomes revealed high level resistance mutations to NRTIs (ABC, FTC and 3TC) in five patients and to NNRTIs (EFV, NVP used locally and DOR, ETR and RPV unused) for all with ambiguous positions in amino-acids comparison and deletion. The HIV-1 group M found in these patients were sub-type A (1) and G-J (1), and CRF02_AG (4), respectively. Three CRF02_AG strains formed a variant cluster by strongly detaching from other CAR and worldwide strains with robust boostrap at 91. Retention and adherence were complicated by the cART limited number and laboratory tests, the irregular supply, and the remoteness of patients from the Center. Conclusions: The genomes sequencing showed that resistance mutations made the treatment inefficient confirming the observed virological and immunological failure. The CRF02_AG genotype is an emerging variant, probably of foreign origin. This discovery clearly highlights the importance and the necessity of ART genetic resistance testing and personalized medicine.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45954000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-419072/V1
Luke Laari, Desmond Kuupiel, Christian Makafui Boso
Background: Early detection and intervention of children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders have shown a great improvement of the child's behaviour, predominantly in language and motor skills development. We are proposing to conduct a systematic scoping review that will map all evidence available on children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa.Methods and analysis: This study will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of scoping reviews. A comprehensive literature search will be done in the following electronic databases. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Science Direct, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, Health Sources, and Google Scholar. Primary studies, published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature such as unpublished studies, studies in press and Theses that address our research question will be included. To reduce research bias two independent reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full article screening in parallel. Data extraction from the selected studies will be conducted by two independent reviewers. NVivo version 12 software will be used to assist with the extraction of relevant answers to the study questions from selected studies using content thematic analysis. The results for this planned study will be presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Mixed Methods Assessment Tool version 2018 will be used for quality appraisal of included studies.Discussion: We anticipate that the proposed mapped evidence on Children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa will reveal indicators for early detection that would facilitate strategies for intervention. We are also anticipating that this systematic scoping review will reveal gaps that can be addressed to ensure context-sensitive interventions and identify caregiver burdens of children living with Autism. This will contribute to the reduction of a scarcity of literature on children living with Autism in Africa.
{"title":"Mapping Research Evidence on Children Living With Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa: a Scoping Review Protocol.","authors":"Luke Laari, Desmond Kuupiel, Christian Makafui Boso","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-419072/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-419072/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Early detection and intervention of children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders have shown a great improvement of the child's behaviour, predominantly in language and motor skills development. We are proposing to conduct a systematic scoping review that will map all evidence available on children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa.Methods and analysis: This study will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework of scoping reviews. A comprehensive literature search will be done in the following electronic databases. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Science Direct, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, Health Sources, and Google Scholar. Primary studies, published in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature such as unpublished studies, studies in press and Theses that address our research question will be included. To reduce research bias two independent reviewers will perform title, abstract, and full article screening in parallel. Data extraction from the selected studies will be conducted by two independent reviewers. NVivo version 12 software will be used to assist with the extraction of relevant answers to the study questions from selected studies using content thematic analysis. The results for this planned study will be presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). Mixed Methods Assessment Tool version 2018 will be used for quality appraisal of included studies.Discussion: We anticipate that the proposed mapped evidence on Children living with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Africa will reveal indicators for early detection that would facilitate strategies for intervention. We are also anticipating that this systematic scoping review will reveal gaps that can be addressed to ensure context-sensitive interventions and identify caregiver burdens of children living with Autism. This will contribute to the reduction of a scarcity of literature on children living with Autism in Africa.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-08DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-277440/V1
R. López-Benítez, T. Castillo, M. Hodel, Thiago VM Lima, L. Kara, Magdalena Schmidt, J. Roos
BackgroundPlacental implantation abnormalities remain among the major causes of massive postpartum hemorrhage and maternal mortality worldwide. To avoid a hysterectomy, prophylactic management with perioperative internal iliac artery balloon occlusion (IIABO) could minimize blood loss and facilitate surgical performance through reductions in the rate of uterine perfusion. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IIABO in patients with placental implantation abnormalities.ResultsThe study group consisted of 13 patients, including three patients with placenta previa totalis, seven patients with placenta increta, and three patients with placenta percreta. Prophylactic IIABO was performed in all patients. The median estimated blood loss was 700 ml ± 598.8 ml, the median number of red blood cell transfusion units was 0 ± 0.75, and only two patients required uterine artery embolization. The uterus was preserved in eight patients (61.5%), with an average intra-hospitalary stay of 6 ± 3.2 days. The average fetal radiation dose was 4.67 mGy. No complications were attributed to IIABO placement.ConclusionsThe prophylactic use of IIABO in placental implantation abnormalities is an effective and safe method of controlling perioperative bleeding during cesarean section and hysterectomy. Indications should be strictly controlled, and interdisciplinary planning and management are mandatory.
{"title":"Perioperative Prophylactic Internal Iliac Artery Balloon Occlusion (Iiabo) in Placental Implantation Abnormalities","authors":"R. López-Benítez, T. Castillo, M. Hodel, Thiago VM Lima, L. Kara, Magdalena Schmidt, J. Roos","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-277440/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-277440/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundPlacental implantation abnormalities remain among the major causes of massive postpartum hemorrhage and maternal mortality worldwide. To avoid a hysterectomy, prophylactic management with perioperative internal iliac artery balloon occlusion (IIABO) could minimize blood loss and facilitate surgical performance through reductions in the rate of uterine perfusion. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IIABO in patients with placental implantation abnormalities.ResultsThe study group consisted of 13 patients, including three patients with placenta previa totalis, seven patients with placenta increta, and three patients with placenta percreta. Prophylactic IIABO was performed in all patients. The median estimated blood loss was 700 ml ± 598.8 ml, the median number of red blood cell transfusion units was 0 ± 0.75, and only two patients required uterine artery embolization. The uterus was preserved in eight patients (61.5%), with an average intra-hospitalary stay of 6 ± 3.2 days. The average fetal radiation dose was 4.67 mGy. No complications were attributed to IIABO placement.ConclusionsThe prophylactic use of IIABO in placental implantation abnormalities is an effective and safe method of controlling perioperative bleeding during cesarean section and hysterectomy. Indications should be strictly controlled, and interdisciplinary planning and management are mandatory.","PeriodicalId":73894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pediatrics, perinatology and child health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67960099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：