Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.001
Merab G. Tsagareli
Ivane S. Beritashvili’s doctrine of image-driven behavior was established in the late 1920s and finally extended in his books in English (1965; 1971). It bears a strong resemblance to the concepts of purposive behavior and “cognitive maps” developed in parallel by Edward C. Tolman (1932; 1948) and significantly anticipated respective modern concepts. John O’Keefe and his disciples May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser received the Nobel Prize in 2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a navigation system in the brain. The latter fact brings us to the pioneers of the study of the spatial orientation of animals that figuratively speaking, provided the giant’s shoulders on which O’Keefe and the Mosers stood to receive their award. Beritashvili and Tolman upheld the holistic and goal-directed nature of spatial behavior. A major contribution of Beritashvili to the science of animal behavior was the demonstration of the universality of learning following a single presentation of an object vitally important to the animal: either a food object or a noxious signal. Beritashvili showed that such “image-driven” behavior has a strong spatial component, i.e., the image is projected into a definite point in space. Thus, he came to maintain that there is a class of behavior that is image-driven that does not require a repetition of associations. Tolman made several significant contributions to the field of experimental psychology. He thought of learning as developing from bits of knowledge and cognitions about the environment and how the organism relates to it. He examined the role that reinforcement plays in the way that rats learn their way through complex mazes. These experiments eventually led to the theory of latent learning which describes learning that occurs in the absence of an obvious reward. Tolman also strongly advocated the theory that rats learn the place where they have been rewarded rather than the particular movements required to get there. To a great extent, Tolman’s work determined the direction of American psychology in the 1930s-1950s. The contribution of Beritashvili and Tolman, thus, is the groundwork of modern studies of spatial cognitive processes in human and nonhuman animals.
伊万·s·贝里塔什维利(ivan S. Beritashvili)的形象驱动行为理论建立于20世纪20年代末，并最终在他的英文著作中得到扩展(1965;1971)。它与爱德华·托尔曼(Edward C. Tolman, 1932;1948年)和显著预期各自的现代概念。约翰·奥基夫和他的门徒梅-布里特·莫泽和爱德华·莫泽因发现构成大脑导航系统的细胞而获得2014年诺贝尔奖。后一个事实把我们带到了研究动物空间定向的先驱们身上，形象地说，他们提供了奥基夫和莫斯夫妇站在巨人的肩膀上领奖的机会。Beritashvili和Tolman坚持空间行为的整体性和目标导向的本质。Beritashvili对动物行为科学的一个主要贡献是证明了在一个对动物至关重要的物体的单一呈现之后学习的普遍性:要么是食物物体，要么是有害的信号。Beritashvili表明，这种“图像驱动”的行为具有很强的空间成分，即图像被投射到空间中的一个确定点上。因此，他坚持认为有一类行为是由形象驱动的，不需要重复联想。托尔曼对实验心理学领域做出了几项重大贡献。他认为学习是从对环境的点滴知识和认知以及有机体与环境的关系中发展起来的。他研究了强化在老鼠通过复杂迷宫学习的过程中所起的作用。这些实验最终导致了潜在学习理论，该理论描述了在没有明显奖励的情况下发生的学习。托尔曼还强烈支持这样一种理论，即老鼠学会了它们得到奖励的地方，而不是到达那里所需的特定动作。在很大程度上，托尔曼的工作决定了20世纪30 - 50年代美国心理学的发展方向。因此，Beritashvili和Tolman的贡献为人类和非人类动物空间认知过程的现代研究奠定了基础。
{"title":"Pioneering Studies of Spatial Behavior in Animals: Ivane Beritashvili and Edward Tolman","authors":"Merab G. Tsagareli","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.001","url":null,"abstract":" Ivane S. Beritashvili’s doctrine of image-driven behavior was established in the late 1920s and finally extended in his books in English (1965; 1971). It bears a strong resemblance to the concepts of purposive behavior and “cognitive maps” developed in parallel by Edward C. Tolman (1932; 1948) and significantly anticipated respective modern concepts. John O’Keefe and his disciples May-Britt Moser and Edvard I. Moser received the Nobel Prize in 2014 for their discoveries of cells that constitute a navigation system in the brain. The latter fact brings us to the pioneers of the study of the spatial orientation of animals that figuratively speaking, provided the giant’s shoulders on which O’Keefe and the Mosers stood to receive their award. Beritashvili and Tolman upheld the holistic and goal-directed nature of spatial behavior. A major contribution of Beritashvili to the science of animal behavior was the demonstration of the universality of learning following a single presentation of an object vitally important to the animal: either a food object or a noxious signal. Beritashvili showed that such “image-driven” behavior has a strong spatial component, i.e., the image is projected into a definite point in space. Thus, he came to maintain that there is a class of behavior that is image-driven that does not require a repetition of associations. Tolman made several significant contributions to the field of experimental psychology. He thought of learning as developing from bits of knowledge and cognitions about the environment and how the organism relates to it. He examined the role that reinforcement plays in the way that rats learn their way through complex mazes. These experiments eventually led to the theory of latent learning which describes learning that occurs in the absence of an obvious reward. Tolman also strongly advocated the theory that rats learn the place where they have been rewarded rather than the particular movements required to get there. To a great extent, Tolman’s work determined the direction of American psychology in the 1930s-1950s. The contribution of Beritashvili and Tolman, thus, is the groundwork of modern studies of spatial cognitive processes in human and nonhuman animals.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82978399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.014
JIN Jiayu, JIA Xiaoqing
This paper applies the Skopos theory to discussing the principles of Chinese-English translation of road signs, namely conforming to international conventions and English expression norms, providing information, and showing local culture at the same time.
{"title":"Exploring the Chinese-English Translation of Shanghai Road Signs From the Perspective of Skopos Theory","authors":"JIN Jiayu, JIA Xiaoqing","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.014","url":null,"abstract":" This paper applies the Skopos theory to discussing the principles of Chinese-English translation of road signs, namely conforming to international conventions and English expression norms, providing information, and showing local culture at the same time.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86523255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.013
YU Peixin, HUAN Xiaoyu, JIA Xiaoqing
The translation of S & T neologisms plays an important role in scientific and technological spreading and development. This paper analyzes the translation of the word “meta” from the perspective of Chinese cultural origin, and makes detailed explanations of translation strategies for scientific neologisms.
{"title":"Translation Strategies of Scientific and Technological Words From the Translation of “Meta”","authors":"YU Peixin, HUAN Xiaoyu, JIA Xiaoqing","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.013","url":null,"abstract":" The translation of S & T neologisms plays an important role in scientific and technological spreading and development. This paper analyzes the translation of the word “meta” from the perspective of Chinese cultural origin, and makes detailed explanations of translation strategies for scientific neologisms.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74602849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.005
WANG Yan
Fitzgerald tells the story in The Great Gatsby through the dramatized narrator, or the character in the play which helps this novel become a classic one. In this paper, the endeavor is to discover Nick Carraway both as a character and a narrator from the perspective of impersonal narration.
{"title":"Discovering Nick: An Analysis of the Narrative Features in The Great Gatsby","authors":"WANG Yan","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"Fitzgerald tells the story in The Great Gatsby through the dramatized narrator, or the character in the play which helps this novel become a classic one. In this paper, the endeavor is to discover Nick Carraway both as a character and a narrator from the perspective of impersonal narration.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"338 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82960411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.011
FAN Yixin
{"title":"An Investigation of Whether Different Kinds of External Sounds Would Influence Meditation Process","authors":"FAN Yixin","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"625 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77507632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.008
CHEN Chuyue, OUYANG Haitao, TAN Jiaqi, WU Fan, ZHAN Yuqian
{"title":"Based on COVID-19, Analysis of the Strategic Model of E-commerce Enterprises—A Case Study of Xiaohongshu (RED)","authors":"CHEN Chuyue, OUYANG Haitao, TAN Jiaqi, WU Fan, ZHAN Yuqian","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90607918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.001
Eva Gajdošová, Ala Petrulytė, Guna Svence
{"title":"Resilience and Social Emotional Health of Teachers in Slovakia, Latvia, Lithuania in Pandemic Times","authors":"Eva Gajdošová, Ala Petrulytė, Guna Svence","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72777515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.012
HUANG Rongsheng, Taien Layraman
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the job satisfaction of Guangxi private universities based on two-factor theory. With the rapid development of private colleges and universities, there are also many problems restricting the development of private colleges and universities. Therefore, this study is specially helpful for the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. In order to carry out this study, the population was taken to be those teachers of the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. A sample (N = 384) of teachers was taken using simple random sampling from the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. It was hypothesized that work achievement, work itself, work development, duty, compensation and benefit, salary, work environment, organization system, interpersonal relationship, and leadership management had positive influence on customer decision-making. The results were analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, and regression analysis were used to test hypothesis. The results showed the overall job satisfaction of teachers in private universities in Guangxi is unsatisfactory; only working environment and interpersonal relationship in five dimensions are satisfactory, while other dimensions are unsatisfactory. It is understood that the existing health care factors in private colleges and universities in Guangxi cannot eliminate the dissatisfaction state of teachers’ work, and the incentive factors cannot effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of teachers.
{"title":"An Empirical Study on the Job Satisfaction of Guangxi Private Universities Based on Two-Factor Theory","authors":"HUANG Rongsheng, Taien Layraman","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the job satisfaction of Guangxi private universities based on two-factor theory. With the rapid development of private colleges and universities, there are also many problems restricting the development of private colleges and universities. Therefore, this study is specially helpful for the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. In order to carry out this study, the population was taken to be those teachers of the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. A sample (N = 384) of teachers was taken using simple random sampling from the private colleges and universities in Guangxi. It was hypothesized that work achievement, work itself, work development, duty, compensation and benefit, salary, work environment, organization system, interpersonal relationship, and leadership management had positive influence on customer decision-making. The results were analyzed with the help of SPSS software. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, and regression analysis were used to test hypothesis. The results showed the overall job satisfaction of teachers in private universities in Guangxi is unsatisfactory; only working environment and interpersonal relationship in five dimensions are satisfactory, while other dimensions are unsatisfactory. It is understood that the existing health care factors in private colleges and universities in Guangxi cannot eliminate the dissatisfaction state of teachers’ work, and the incentive factors cannot effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of teachers.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76027191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.007
Nok Sze Wun
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder marked by unpredictable behaviors, emotional instability, and self-injurious conduct, which typically begins in adolescence. BPD patients are difficult to treat. The majority have had child sexual abuse, and roughly a quarter have experienced sexual abuse by a caregiver. The study is an overview of borderline personality disorder, including current and past understanding of its main features, etiology, impact, treatment, and future directions since the public’s recognition of BPD is only at a beginning stage. The passage would be mainly focused on the part of the discussion, where I would illustrate the possible factors that lead to the development of borderline personality disorder from both biological and social perspectives, its impact on individual’ s behavior and social functioning, and the current ways of treatments. The discipline has changed dramatically over the last two decades, with a growing number of specialized psychotherapies and drugs being explored. Since BPD patients are especially hard to treat, an evaluation of multiple therapies should be necessary. Limitations and future directions would be discussed in the conclusion. Overall, the paper is aimed to provide a comprehensive summary for the general public.
{"title":"Borderline Personality Disorder: A General Overview","authors":"Nok Sze Wun","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a personality disorder marked by unpredictable behaviors, emotional instability, and self-injurious conduct, which typically begins in adolescence. BPD patients are difficult to treat. The majority have had child sexual abuse, and roughly a quarter have experienced sexual abuse by a caregiver. The study is an overview of borderline personality disorder, including current and past understanding of its main features, etiology, impact, treatment, and future directions since the public’s recognition of BPD is only at a beginning stage. The passage would be mainly focused on the part of the discussion, where I would illustrate the possible factors that lead to the development of borderline personality disorder from both biological and social perspectives, its impact on individual’ s behavior and social functioning, and the current ways of treatments. The discipline has changed dramatically over the last two decades, with a growing number of specialized psychotherapies and drugs being explored. Since BPD patients are especially hard to treat, an evaluation of multiple therapies should be necessary. Limitations and future directions would be discussed in the conclusion. Overall, the paper is aimed to provide a comprehensive summary for the general public.","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89873113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.006
DONG Yuzhe, KANG Haixuan
{"title":"Trend of the Feminism Development in Modern China 1950s-2000s by Analyzing Chinese Female-Themed Movies","authors":"DONG Yuzhe, KANG Haixuan","doi":"10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2022.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73913,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychology & behavior research","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86216883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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