The aim of this study was to assess the level of patulin (PAT) contamination in selected apple-based products, including food intended for infants and young children, available in retail in Poland in 2016–2020. The products examined were selected due to their availability on the market and all of them derived from conventional production. All products examined contained only apples in their composition, with no other fruit added. The obtained results were related to the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of PAT established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (WHO 1995). In addition, in selected age groups, exposure assessment resulting from the intake of this toxin in the diet, was estimated. Only 2 of the 47 examined apple products contained PAT. The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. As for one portion recommended for consumption, the result obtained was also below tolerable daily intake and constituted a maximum of 38.7% of PMTDI. These findings are a particularly valuable source of information for farmers, traders and consumers, and confirm health safety of apple juice and apple-based products intended for infants and young children.
{"title":"Assessment of the patulin contamination level in selected apple-based products available in retail in Poland","authors":"Piotr Pokrzywa, M. Surma","doi":"10.23986/afsci.107978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107978","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the level of patulin (PAT) contamination in selected apple-based products, including food intended for infants and young children, available in retail in Poland in 2016–2020. The products examined were selected due to their availability on the market and all of them derived from conventional production. All products examined contained only apples in their composition, with no other fruit added. The obtained results were related to the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of PAT established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (WHO 1995). In addition, in selected age groups, exposure assessment resulting from the intake of this toxin in the diet, was estimated. Only 2 of the 47 examined apple products contained PAT. The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. As for one portion recommended for consumption, the result obtained was also below tolerable daily intake and constituted a maximum of 38.7% of PMTDI. These findings are a particularly valuable source of information for farmers, traders and consumers, and confirm health safety of apple juice and apple-based products intended for infants and young children.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80850462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kati Räsänen, A. Hannukkala, S. Kurppa, M. Aaltonen, A. Rahkonen, J. Kukkonen, I. Vänninen
Progress in the reduction of environmental and health risks of PPPs (plant protection products) using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the EU needs to be gauged. Here, we report, for the first time, the exact quantities of PPP used in carrot, potato, swede, and fresh pea production in southwestern Finland from 2003 to 2019. Fresh peas and swede represent exceptionally low or decreasing use of PPPs, respectively. The number of treatments per field showed an increasing trend for fungicides used on potato, despite per unit area treatments have not increased. Furthermore, for carrots, insecticide and herbicide spray frequencies increased more than treatment volumes. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray frequencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. Research needs to be continued to better guide the recording of farmers’ plant protection activities and corresponding analysis to verify the impacts of IPM implementation.
{"title":"The use of chemical plant protection products in field vegetable farms in a central industrial vegetable growing area in Finland","authors":"Kati Räsänen, A. Hannukkala, S. Kurppa, M. Aaltonen, A. Rahkonen, J. Kukkonen, I. Vänninen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.112827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.112827","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in the reduction of environmental and health risks of PPPs (plant protection products) using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the EU needs to be gauged. Here, we report, for the first time, the exact quantities of PPP used in carrot, potato, swede, and fresh pea production in southwestern Finland from 2003 to 2019. Fresh peas and swede represent exceptionally low or decreasing use of PPPs, respectively. The number of treatments per field showed an increasing trend for fungicides used on potato, despite per unit area treatments have not increased. Furthermore, for carrots, insecticide and herbicide spray frequencies increased more than treatment volumes. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray frequencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. Research needs to be continued to better guide the recording of farmers’ plant protection activities and corresponding analysis to verify the impacts of IPM implementation.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79169919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Räty, R. Keskinen, M. Yli-Halla, J. Hyvönen, H. Soinne
Clay content and the ability to reversibly retain cations affect many essential chemical and physical properties of soil, such as pH buffering and carbon sequestration. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation are also commonly used as criteria in soil classification. However, determination of CEC and particle-size distribution is laborious and not included in routine soil testing. In this study, pedotransfer functions including soil test cations (STCat; Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+), pH and soil organic carbon (SOC, %) as explanatory variables were developed for estimating CEC, titratable acidity (TA; H+ + Al3+) and clay content (clay, %). In addition, reference values for potential CEC and its components were determined for Finnish mineral and organic soils. The mean of potential CEC extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 ranged from 14 (range 6.4−25) in coarse soils to 33 (21−45) cmol(+) kg-1 in heavy clay soils, and from 42 (24−82) in mull soils to 77 (25−138) cmol(+) kg-1 in peat soils. The average CEC of clay and SOC were 27 and 160 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. Titratable acidity occupied 53% and around 40% of the CEC sites in organic and mineral soils, respectively, evidencing that it is a prominent component of the potential CEC in these predominantly acidic soils. STCat, pH and SOC explained 96% of the variation in potential CEC. STCat and pH can be used in estimating the clay content especially for soils containing over 30% clay. In coarse textured soils, in contrast, SOC hampers the STCat based estimation of clay content.
{"title":"Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data","authors":"M. Räty, R. Keskinen, M. Yli-Halla, J. Hyvönen, H. Soinne","doi":"10.23986/afsci.111107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.111107","url":null,"abstract":"Clay content and the ability to reversibly retain cations affect many essential chemical and physical properties of soil, such as pH buffering and carbon sequestration. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation are also commonly used as criteria in soil classification. However, determination of CEC and particle-size distribution is laborious and not included in routine soil testing. In this study, pedotransfer functions including soil test cations (STCat; Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+), pH and soil organic carbon (SOC, %) as explanatory variables were developed for estimating CEC, titratable acidity (TA; H+ + Al3+) and clay content (clay, %). In addition, reference values for potential CEC and its components were determined for Finnish mineral and organic soils. The mean of potential CEC extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 ranged from 14 (range 6.4−25) in coarse soils to 33 (21−45) cmol(+) kg-1 in heavy clay soils, and from 42 (24−82) in mull soils to 77 (25−138) cmol(+) kg-1 in peat soils. The average CEC of clay and SOC were 27 and 160 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. Titratable acidity occupied 53% and around 40% of the CEC sites in organic and mineral soils, respectively, evidencing that it is a prominent component of the potential CEC in these predominantly acidic soils. STCat, pH and SOC explained 96% of the variation in potential CEC. STCat and pH can be used in estimating the clay content especially for soils containing over 30% clay. In coarse textured soils, in contrast, SOC hampers the STCat based estimation of clay content.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Śmiecińska, W. Sobotka, Elwira Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska
The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with different vegetable protein sources. It was found that partial (50% in grower diets) and complete (100% in finisher diets) replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from faba bean seeds (FB) cv. ‘Albus’, yellow lupine seeds (YL) cv. ‘Taper’ or corn DDGS, had no significant effect on carcass quality characteristics or the chemical composition of meat. In all groups, meat samples were characterized by color typical of pork, high water-holding capacity and low pH values. A sensory analysis of the eating quality attributes of meat revealed that they were highly satisfactory; only aroma intensity was affected by the experimental factor. The study demonstrated that growing-finishing pigs can be fed complete diets containing the analyzed vegetable protein sources alternative to GM-SBM without compromising carcass or meat quality.
{"title":"Carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with plant-based protein sources alternative to genetically modified soybean meal","authors":"K. Śmiecińska, W. Sobotka, Elwira Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska","doi":"10.23986/afsci.110877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.110877","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with different vegetable protein sources. It was found that partial (50% in grower diets) and complete (100% in finisher diets) replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from faba bean seeds (FB) cv. ‘Albus’, yellow lupine seeds (YL) cv. ‘Taper’ or corn DDGS, had no significant effect on carcass quality characteristics or the chemical composition of meat. In all groups, meat samples were characterized by color typical of pork, high water-holding capacity and low pH values. A sensory analysis of the eating quality attributes of meat revealed that they were highly satisfactory; only aroma intensity was affected by the experimental factor. The study demonstrated that growing-finishing pigs can be fed complete diets containing the analyzed vegetable protein sources alternative to GM-SBM without compromising carcass or meat quality.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"56 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77834905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liina Kann, M. Koppel, T. Kaart, Bulat Islamov, P. Sooväli, A. Mäe
A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.
{"title":"Resistance developments in Estonia’s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus)","authors":"Liina Kann, M. Koppel, T. Kaart, Bulat Islamov, P. Sooväli, A. Mäe","doi":"10.23986/afsci.108983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.108983","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated a Polish white lupin ‘Butan’, and its yielding depending on the interrow width and plant density.The mean many-year lupin seed yield was 3.05 t ha-1 and it strongly depended on the total rainfall and total temperature over the generative plant development. The mean discrepancy in the seed yield across the research years, due to a considerable variation in the total rainfall, ranged from 1.59 t ha-1 to 7.43 t ha-1. There was no significant effect of the factors applied on white lupin yielding. Only the number of pods per plant depended on the factors and it was significantly higher when lupin was grown in narrow rows, with the lowest plant density. Also, HI and SPAD values were significantly higher for 16 cm row width. The LAI value did not depend significantly on neither of the two factors. Content and yield of protein depended proportionally on the sum and distribution of precipitation in the following years.
本研究调查了一种波兰白罗苹'布坦'，并对其产量与行间宽度和植株密度的关系进行了研究。平均多年罗苹种子产量为3.05 t hm -1，在生殖植株发育过程中受总降雨量和总温度的影响较大。由于总降雨量的较大变化，研究年间种子产量的平均差异在1.59 ~ 7.43 t hm -1之间。施用的各种因素对白豆产量无显著影响。单株荚果数与各因子有关，单株荚果数显著高于窄行栽培和低密度栽培。行宽为16 cm时，水稻的HI和SPAD值显著升高。LAI值对这两个因素均无显著依赖。蛋白质的含量和产量与随后年份降水的总和和分布成正比。
{"title":"Effect of the interrow width and plant density on the yielding of white lupin","authors":"J. Prusinski","doi":"10.23986/afsci.109657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.109657","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated a Polish white lupin ‘Butan’, and its yielding depending on the interrow width and plant density.The mean many-year lupin seed yield was 3.05 t ha-1 and it strongly depended on the total rainfall and total temperature over the generative plant development. The mean discrepancy in the seed yield across the research years, due to a considerable variation in the total rainfall, ranged from 1.59 t ha-1 to 7.43 t ha-1. There was no significant effect of the factors applied on white lupin yielding. Only the number of pods per plant depended on the factors and it was significantly higher when lupin was grown in narrow rows, with the lowest plant density. Also, HI and SPAD values were significantly higher for 16 cm row width. The LAI value did not depend significantly on neither of the two factors. Content and yield of protein depended proportionally on the sum and distribution of precipitation in the following years.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83362141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarun Saxena, Prince Anuragi, S. Arvind, Kirti Dorshetwar, Anuradha Singh
The year 2020 started off with a wildfire in Australia, massive swarms of locust invading crops resulting in major crop damage in sub-African subcontinent expanding through Asia now last updated in Rajasthan, India and now a widespread virus known as COVID-19, as the year continued the outcomes of pandemic resulted in year-long effects and causing even more major disruption in economic as well as mortality. With over 4 million infected and 0.2 million deaths all over the world, Coronavirus is affecting the livelihood of people in severe manners. Fear among all of us has led us to low consumptions, minimal travel and surging up demands in healthcare. The ongoing spread of this pandemic has major effects in various sectors and volatility in markets has proven the disruptions caused by this pandemic. Limited supplies of food and strict lockdowns are causing food stocks and resources of the country to deplete at a much rapid rate than ever. It might seem like an opportunity for the healthcare and pharmaceutical sector to boom but the current infrastructure of our country cannot support the burden and currently, the healthcare sector is in twin burden of first having more manpower and equipment as well as shortfall in patients of other origins. Having the country in a state of lockdown has made the travel and tourism sector to a negative growth rate with debt increasing as liabilities in assets. The economic impact and the resolution of governments to work for a solution to this pandemic are commendable but the efforts are still not enough and the pandemic is still tightening its grip all over the world.
{"title":"Coronavirus and Its Impact on Indian Sectors","authors":"Tarun Saxena, Prince Anuragi, S. Arvind, Kirti Dorshetwar, Anuradha Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3936285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3936285","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2020 started off with a wildfire in Australia, massive swarms of locust invading crops resulting in major crop damage in sub-African subcontinent expanding through Asia now last updated in Rajasthan, India and now a widespread virus known as COVID-19, as the year continued the outcomes of pandemic resulted in year-long effects and causing even more major disruption in economic as well as mortality. With over 4 million infected and 0.2 million deaths all over the world, Coronavirus is affecting the livelihood of people in severe manners. Fear among all of us has led us to low consumptions, minimal travel and surging up demands in healthcare. The ongoing spread of this pandemic has major effects in various sectors and volatility in markets has proven the disruptions caused by this pandemic. Limited supplies of food and strict lockdowns are causing food stocks and resources of the country to deplete at a much rapid rate than ever. It might seem like an opportunity for the healthcare and pharmaceutical sector to boom but the current infrastructure of our country cannot support the burden and currently, the healthcare sector is in twin burden of first having more manpower and equipment as well as shortfall in patients of other origins. Having the country in a state of lockdown has made the travel and tourism sector to a negative growth rate with debt increasing as liabilities in assets. The economic impact and the resolution of governments to work for a solution to this pandemic are commendable but the efforts are still not enough and the pandemic is still tightening its grip all over the world. <br>","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90905303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ellen Huan-Niemi, Marja Knuuttila, E. Vatanen, J. Niemi
The objective of this study is to examine the import dependency of domestic food and service sectors in Finland and produce indicators for measuring the import content of these sectors together with the import dependency of the inputs supplied into these sectors. Input–output analysis is utilised to provide the necessary information on the interdependencies and linkages between different industries for both goods and services in the Finnish economy. Primary agriculture, food processing, distribution and food service providers in Finland are heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels concerning energy and chemical inputs, including high reliance on imported supplementary protein feed for livestock production. However, most of the inputs supplied to the Finnish food and service sectors are domestic because only 20% of the total output is dependent on imported goods, services, and capital goods. The rate of self-sufficiency in food supply is high in Finland, but international trade is essential to provide the necessary energy and chemical inputs needed for food production along with livestock’s supplementary protein feed. Replacing fossil energy with sustainable renewable energy will reduce the dependence on Russia for energy supply and promoting human consumption of plant-based foods will reduce the demand for livestock feed.
{"title":"Dependency of domestic food sectors on imported inputs with Finland as a case study","authors":"Ellen Huan-Niemi, Marja Knuuttila, E. Vatanen, J. Niemi","doi":"10.23986/afsci.107580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107580","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to examine the import dependency of domestic food and service sectors in Finland and produce indicators for measuring the import content of these sectors together with the import dependency of the inputs supplied into these sectors. Input–output analysis is utilised to provide the necessary information on the interdependencies and linkages between different industries for both goods and services in the Finnish economy. Primary agriculture, food processing, distribution and food service providers in Finland are heavily dependent on imported fossil fuels concerning energy and chemical inputs, including high reliance on imported supplementary protein feed for livestock production. However, most of the inputs supplied to the Finnish food and service sectors are domestic because only 20% of the total output is dependent on imported goods, services, and capital goods. The rate of self-sufficiency in food supply is high in Finland, but international trade is essential to provide the necessary energy and chemical inputs needed for food production along with livestock’s supplementary protein feed. Replacing fossil energy with sustainable renewable energy will reduce the dependence on Russia for energy supply and promoting human consumption of plant-based foods will reduce the demand for livestock feed.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"273 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83036918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The areas of computing and natural philosophy have united into one in all the foremost notable technologies known as the net of things (IoT). a good vary of applications offered by IoT, as well as sensible agricultural, sensible transportation, smart home,and health care. In recent times, the marketplace for IoT in health care service has enhanced exponentially. At constant time, security problems within the system conjointly increase this example threatening the health and safety of patients. Medical device usage in the hospital like Implantable Medical Devices, oftenness Identification tags, and wearable devices ar vulnerable to a severe security vulnerability. This state of affairs is action the importance of providing privacy and confidentiality of a patient’s medical data. Therefore, this paper tries to review security problems gift on the net of Medical Things (IoMT). Also, this work reviews the answer of varied security problems bestowed within the exiting works. Consequently, the review disclosed that the answer of device-level security problems is fascinating. At constant time, moderate level focus only happened in communication level security. during this work, varied security problems bestowed in IoMTs analyzed and different risk factors of security attacks on IoMTs known. The empirical result shows DDoS in IoMTs dangerous compare with alternative security problems with 95% risk issue and authentication issue in wireless hypoglycemic agent pump 55.00% risk factor. The projected risk assessment helps to spot the best impact, inflicting security attacks in varied IoMTs.
{"title":"Security Challenges in Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Applications","authors":"Karunakar Pothuganti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3944800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3944800","url":null,"abstract":"The areas of computing and natural philosophy have united into one in all the foremost notable technologies known as the net of things (IoT). a good vary of applications offered by IoT, as well as sensible agricultural, sensible transportation, smart home,and health care. In recent times, the marketplace for IoT in health care service has enhanced exponentially. At constant time, security problems within the system conjointly increase this example threatening the health and safety of patients. Medical device usage in the hospital like Implantable Medical Devices, oftenness Identification tags, and wearable devices ar vulnerable to a severe security vulnerability. This state of affairs is action the importance of providing privacy and confidentiality of a patient’s medical data. Therefore, this paper tries to review security problems gift on the net of Medical Things (IoMT). Also, this work reviews the answer of varied security problems bestowed within the exiting works. Consequently, the review disclosed that the answer of device-level security problems is fascinating. At constant time, moderate level focus only happened in communication level security. during this work, varied security problems bestowed in IoMTs analyzed and different risk factors of security attacks on IoMTs known. The empirical result shows DDoS in IoMTs dangerous compare with alternative security problems with 95% risk issue and authentication issue in wireless hypoglycemic agent pump 55.00% risk factor. The projected risk assessment helps to spot the best impact, inflicting security attacks in varied IoMTs.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80684474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shalavina, A. Briukhanov, S. Luostarinen, A. Trifanov, N. Kozlova, E. Vasilev, I. Subbotin
This study aimed to verify the applicability of a mass balance method for estimating nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in the solid organic fertiliser produced from cattle manure in North-West Russia. The study compared the relevant established norms in Russia, the data calculated by the mass balance method, and the average experimental data on N and P content in cattle manure (ex-housing) and the organic fertilizer ready to use from the selected cattle-breeding complex with 1250 heads and a manure output of 70 t day-1. Three animal categories were considered. The difference between the calculated and experimental data was 10% maximum but the experimental data and the established norms differed by above 15%. This proves the demand to revise the norms in the Russian regulatory documents to improve the accuracy of fertiliser application rates and the estimation of agricultural land required. Even an increase of 10% in the nutrient content of the organic fertiliser results in an increase in the required agricultural land from 451 to 526 ha for spreading the organic fertiliser from the 1250 heads of cattle at the selected farm.
本研究旨在验证质量平衡法在估算俄罗斯西北部牛粪生产的固体有机肥中氮(N)和磷(P)含量的适用性。本研究选取1250头、粪便产量70 t day-1的牛场，比较了俄罗斯相关的既定规范、质量平衡法计算的数据和牛粪(除舍粪)中氮、磷含量及准备使用有机肥的平均实验数据。考虑了三种动物类别。计算值与实验值的差异最大为10%，而实验值与既定规范的差异在15%以上。这证明需要修改俄罗斯监管文件中的规范，以提高肥料施用量和所需农业用地估算的准确性。即使有机肥料的养分含量增加10%，也会导致所需的农业用地从451公顷增加到526公顷，用于在选定的农场中从1250头牛中施用有机肥料。
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