Spring-tine harrowing is a common physical weed control practice employed in organic cereal cropping. The effectsof harrowing treatments on weeds and crop yield were studied in a field experiment of organically grown springcereals during 2018–2020. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of weed harrowing to enhance overallweed management in organic cropping in Finland. Single post-emergence weed harrowing, with or without covercrop drilling, at the 2–4 crop leaf stage was compared with a combined pre- and post-emergence weed harrowing.Treatments were repeated in the same plots for three years and weed occurrence was assessed prior to harrowing,two weeks later and at harvest time. Chenopodium album was the predominant weed species in all years.Although harrowing effectively reduced the weed abundance, which was best with the double treatment, the yieldresponse in terms of quantity and quality was negligible. Even so, weed harrowing in cereal years is recommendedto suppress weed proliferation in crop rotation.
{"title":"Effect of annually repeated weed harrowing against Chenopodium album (L.) in organically grown spring cereals","authors":"J. Salonen, M. Niemi, Minna Haavisto, E. Juvonen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.115327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.115327","url":null,"abstract":"Spring-tine harrowing is a common physical weed control practice employed in organic cereal cropping. The effectsof harrowing treatments on weeds and crop yield were studied in a field experiment of organically grown springcereals during 2018–2020. The objective was to demonstrate the feasibility of weed harrowing to enhance overallweed management in organic cropping in Finland. Single post-emergence weed harrowing, with or without covercrop drilling, at the 2–4 crop leaf stage was compared with a combined pre- and post-emergence weed harrowing.Treatments were repeated in the same plots for three years and weed occurrence was assessed prior to harrowing,two weeks later and at harvest time. Chenopodium album was the predominant weed species in all years.Although harrowing effectively reduced the weed abundance, which was best with the double treatment, the yieldresponse in terms of quantity and quality was negligible. Even so, weed harrowing in cereal years is recommendedto suppress weed proliferation in crop rotation.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78118546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the role of agricultural subsidies in the farm income (FI) variation in Estonia in the period 2006–2019 using data from a balanced panel of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. FI variability is decomposed to three components: market income, total subsidies, and the cost of external factors. The results reveal that subsidies have a larger share in income of smaller farms. Variability of FI differs in farm size quartiles and is significantly lower in case of largest 25% of farms. Revenues are the largest source of variation of FI. While subsidies reduce FI variation, there is no evidence that they are counter-cyclical. We argue that in addition to subsidies, smaller farms need advice on farm management to increase market income, improve its stability, and expand farm size, as larger farms have more stable incomes despite relatively lower producer support estimate (PSE) levels.
{"title":"The role of subsidies in stabilising farm income: Evidence from Estonia","authors":"Olha Aleksandrova, Tetiana Zhmykhova, A. Viira","doi":"10.23986/afsci.112241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.112241","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the role of agricultural subsidies in the farm income (FI) variation in Estonia in the period 2006–2019 using data from a balanced panel of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms. FI variability is decomposed to three components: market income, total subsidies, and the cost of external factors. The results reveal that subsidies have a larger share in income of smaller farms. Variability of FI differs in farm size quartiles and is significantly lower in case of largest 25% of farms. Revenues are the largest source of variation of FI. While subsidies reduce FI variation, there is no evidence that they are counter-cyclical. We argue that in addition to subsidies, smaller farms need advice on farm management to increase market income, improve its stability, and expand farm size, as larger farms have more stable incomes despite relatively lower producer support estimate (PSE) levels.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78123297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enteric methane (CH4) represents about half of the climatic footprint of milk production in Finland. Methane is generated from the surplus hydrogen produced during the anaerobic feed digestion process in the rumen. Methane intensity per liter of energy corrected milk (g CH4 kg-1 ECM) is a function of the number of cows, milk yield (MY), replacement rate (RR), and the diet composition. This study aimed to model and report the inventory of CH4 from milk production in Finland between 1960 and 2020. Furthermore, we report the potential future scenarios of CH4 mitigation strategies based on the further development in MY and feed efficiency with constant or changing BW of cows. The diet composition of cattle was formulated for 5-year periods according to feed consumption statistics (ProAgria 2021) and the current metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for dairy cattle (Luke 2021a). The CH4 production from cattle was simulated using the formulated diets with the Nordic dairy cow model Karoline. The future CH4 mitigation scenarios of increased MY and improved feed efficiency were simulated using Lypsikki® dairy farm model. During the inventory period, the number of cows (1000) decreased from 1150 to less than 258, and MY increased three-fold. The total milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively. Consequently, decreased number of cows and increased MY reduced the total CH4 production by 56%. In addition, CH4 intensity improved by 36% during the inventory period. Of the future scenarios, increased MY and improved feed efficiency had a substantial potential to improve CH4 intensity. In both scenarios maintaining the current BW of cows resulted in higher mitigation potential. We conclude that selecting more efficient animals has a significant CH4 mitigation potential.
{"title":"Methane production inventory between 1960–2020 in the Finnish dairy sector and the future mitigation scenarios","authors":"P. Huhtanen, Aleksi Astaptsev, J. Nousiainen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.113752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.113752","url":null,"abstract":"Enteric methane (CH4) represents about half of the climatic footprint of milk production in Finland. Methane is generated from the surplus hydrogen produced during the anaerobic feed digestion process in the rumen. Methane intensity per liter of energy corrected milk (g CH4 kg-1 ECM) is a function of the number of cows, milk yield (MY), replacement rate (RR), and the diet composition. This study aimed to model and report the inventory of CH4 from milk production in Finland between 1960 and 2020. Furthermore, we report the potential future scenarios of CH4 mitigation strategies based on the further development in MY and feed efficiency with constant or changing BW of cows. The diet composition of cattle was formulated for 5-year periods according to feed consumption statistics (ProAgria 2021) and the current metabolizable energy (ME) requirements for dairy cattle (Luke 2021a). The CH4 production from cattle was simulated using the formulated diets with the Nordic dairy cow model Karoline. The future CH4 mitigation scenarios of increased MY and improved feed efficiency were simulated using Lypsikki® dairy farm model. During the inventory period, the number of cows (1000) decreased from 1150 to less than 258, and MY increased three-fold. The total milk and CH4 production peaked in 1965 being 3650 and 110 million kg per year and decreased to 2300 and 48 million kg per year in 2020, respectively.\u0000Consequently, decreased number of cows and increased MY reduced the total CH4 production by 56%. In addition, CH4 intensity improved by 36% during the inventory period. Of the future scenarios, increased MY and improved feed efficiency had a substantial potential to improve CH4 intensity. In both scenarios maintaining the current BW of cows resulted in higher mitigation potential. We conclude that selecting more efficient animals has a significant CH4 mitigation potential.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83294315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Winter production of greenhouse crops in northern countries is totally dependent on supplementary lighting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the light source (high-pressure vapor lamps (HPS), light-emitting diodes (LED), or a combination) and their distribution in time on growth and coloration of red winter lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Carmoli’). The used energy associated to each of the light treatments was also evaluated. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weight were significantly higher for plants treated only with HPS lights, whereas the red pigmentation was enhanced in plants grown only under LEDs. The lower yield under LEDs was associated with a significantly lower leaf temperature compared to plants grown under HPS lights. One week at the end of the growth period under LEDs was enough to achieve a satisfactory red color, while not compromising plant yield. The energy use efficiency was increased by nearly 50% in the LED-only treatment despite the lower plant yield compared to the HPS-only treatment. These results demonstrate that supplemental light quality can be strategically used by improving the light source position in exposure sequence to enhance the growth and coloration of winter lettuce.
在北方国家，温室作物的冬季生产完全依赖于补充照明。本试验旨在探讨高压蒸汽灯(HPS)、发光二极管(LED)或两者组合的光源及其时间分布对冬红莴苣(Lactuca sativa L. cv.)生长和显色的影响。“Carmoli”)。每一种光处理所消耗的能量也进行了评估。仅在HPS光下生长的植株叶片数、鲜重和干重显著增加，而仅在led光下生长的植株红色色素沉着增强。与在HPS灯下生长的植物相比，led灯下的低产量与叶片温度显著降低有关。在led下的生长期结束时的一周足以获得令人满意的红色，同时不影响植物产量。尽管植物产量低于纯hps处理，但纯led处理的能源利用效率提高了近50%。这些结果表明，通过改善光源在曝光序列中的位置，可以有策略地利用补充光质量来促进冬莴苣的生长和着色。
{"title":"Importance of light source position in exposure sequence for optimization of coloration and yield of red winter lettuce","authors":"C. Stadler","doi":"10.23986/afsci.113503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.113503","url":null,"abstract":"Winter production of greenhouse crops in northern countries is totally dependent on supplementary lighting. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the light source (high-pressure vapor lamps (HPS), light-emitting diodes (LED), or a combination) and their distribution in time on growth and coloration of red winter lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Carmoli’). The used energy associated to each of the light treatments was also evaluated. The number of leaves, fresh and dry weight were significantly higher for plants treated only with HPS lights, whereas the red pigmentation was enhanced in plants grown only under LEDs. The lower yield under LEDs was associated with a significantly lower leaf temperature compared to plants grown under HPS lights. One week at the end of the growth period under LEDs was enough to achieve a satisfactory red color, while not compromising plant yield. The energy use efficiency was increased by nearly 50% in the LED-only treatment despite the lower plant yield compared to the HPS-only treatment. These results demonstrate that supplemental light quality can be strategically used by improving the light source position in exposure sequence to enhance the growth and coloration of winter lettuce.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74106569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to find the most beneficial time of weed harrowing with its intensity represented by the number of passes with spring-tine harrow executed on one day in a mixture of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). The randomized complete block design was applied in field conditions in 2015–2017. It comprised one factor, the timing and the intensity of post-emergence weed harrowing with the spring-tine harrow. The plots were harrowed once, twice, or three times on one day at six consecutive growth stages of triticale: BBCH 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22. Harrowing did not increase the grain yield of the triticale-lupin mixture, and when repeated three times at BBCH 21, it decreased the grain yield. The cereal was more resistant than lupin to timing and intensity of harrowing. The weeds were best controlled by a single cultivation conducted at the first leaf of triticale. This method caused a significant reduction in the density and the biomass of weeds at the anthesis of triticale and a reduction in the weed biomass at the full maturity of the mixture. Increasing intensity of harrowing by repeating cultivations had relatively weak influence on the weeds.
{"title":"The effect of timing and intensity of weed harrowing in triticale-lupin mixture on weeds and crops","authors":"E. Tendziagolska, P. Sobkowicz","doi":"10.23986/afsci.113476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.113476","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to find the most beneficial time of weed harrowing with its intensity represented by the number of passes with spring-tine harrow executed on one day in a mixture of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). The randomized complete block design was applied in field conditions in 2015–2017. It comprised one factor, the timing and the intensity of post-emergence weed harrowing with the spring-tine harrow. The plots were harrowed once, twice, or three times on one day at six consecutive growth stages of triticale: BBCH 10, 11, 12, 13, 21, 22. Harrowing did not increase the grain yield of the triticale-lupin mixture, and when repeated three times at BBCH 21, it decreased the grain yield. The cereal was more resistant than lupin to timing and intensity of harrowing. The weeds were best controlled by a single cultivation conducted at the first leaf of triticale. This method caused a significant reduction in the density and the biomass of weeds at the anthesis of triticale and a reduction in the weed biomass at the full maturity of the mixture. Increasing intensity of harrowing by repeating cultivations had relatively weak influence on the weeds.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77167975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to assess the level of patulin (PAT) contamination in selected apple-based products, including food intended for infants and young children, available in retail in Poland in 2016–2020. The products examined were selected due to their availability on the market and all of them derived from conventional production. All products examined contained only apples in their composition, with no other fruit added. The obtained results were related to the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of PAT established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (WHO 1995). In addition, in selected age groups, exposure assessment resulting from the intake of this toxin in the diet, was estimated. Only 2 of the 47 examined apple products contained PAT. The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. As for one portion recommended for consumption, the result obtained was also below tolerable daily intake and constituted a maximum of 38.7% of PMTDI. These findings are a particularly valuable source of information for farmers, traders and consumers, and confirm health safety of apple juice and apple-based products intended for infants and young children.
{"title":"Assessment of the patulin contamination level in selected apple-based products available in retail in Poland","authors":"Piotr Pokrzywa, M. Surma","doi":"10.23986/afsci.107978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.107978","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the level of patulin (PAT) contamination in selected apple-based products, including food intended for infants and young children, available in retail in Poland in 2016–2020. The products examined were selected due to their availability on the market and all of them derived from conventional production. All products examined contained only apples in their composition, with no other fruit added. The obtained results were related to the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of PAT established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (WHO 1995). In addition, in selected age groups, exposure assessment resulting from the intake of this toxin in the diet, was estimated. Only 2 of the 47 examined apple products contained PAT. The determined levels of contamination were significantly lower than a maximum acceptable level specified in the provisions of the food law at the level of 50.0 μg kg-1 for apple juice. When considering the value of the average daily consumption of apple juice in Poland, the PAT daily intake from apple juice did not exceed the tolerable daily intake in any of the examined samples and amounted to a maximum of 1.6% of PMTDI. As for one portion recommended for consumption, the result obtained was also below tolerable daily intake and constituted a maximum of 38.7% of PMTDI. These findings are a particularly valuable source of information for farmers, traders and consumers, and confirm health safety of apple juice and apple-based products intended for infants and young children.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80850462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kati Räsänen, A. Hannukkala, S. Kurppa, M. Aaltonen, A. Rahkonen, J. Kukkonen, I. Vänninen
Progress in the reduction of environmental and health risks of PPPs (plant protection products) using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the EU needs to be gauged. Here, we report, for the first time, the exact quantities of PPP used in carrot, potato, swede, and fresh pea production in southwestern Finland from 2003 to 2019. Fresh peas and swede represent exceptionally low or decreasing use of PPPs, respectively. The number of treatments per field showed an increasing trend for fungicides used on potato, despite per unit area treatments have not increased. Furthermore, for carrots, insecticide and herbicide spray frequencies increased more than treatment volumes. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray frequencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. Research needs to be continued to better guide the recording of farmers’ plant protection activities and corresponding analysis to verify the impacts of IPM implementation.
{"title":"The use of chemical plant protection products in field vegetable farms in a central industrial vegetable growing area in Finland","authors":"Kati Räsänen, A. Hannukkala, S. Kurppa, M. Aaltonen, A. Rahkonen, J. Kukkonen, I. Vänninen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.112827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.112827","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in the reduction of environmental and health risks of PPPs (plant protection products) using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the EU needs to be gauged. Here, we report, for the first time, the exact quantities of PPP used in carrot, potato, swede, and fresh pea production in southwestern Finland from 2003 to 2019. Fresh peas and swede represent exceptionally low or decreasing use of PPPs, respectively. The number of treatments per field showed an increasing trend for fungicides used on potato, despite per unit area treatments have not increased. Furthermore, for carrots, insecticide and herbicide spray frequencies increased more than treatment volumes. The results of this study form a basis for analyzing ecotoxicological risks of PPP use in the studied crops because usage and spray frequencies alone do not convey the risk levels accurately. Research needs to be continued to better guide the recording of farmers’ plant protection activities and corresponding analysis to verify the impacts of IPM implementation.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79169919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Räty, R. Keskinen, M. Yli-Halla, J. Hyvönen, H. Soinne
Clay content and the ability to reversibly retain cations affect many essential chemical and physical properties of soil, such as pH buffering and carbon sequestration. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation are also commonly used as criteria in soil classification. However, determination of CEC and particle-size distribution is laborious and not included in routine soil testing. In this study, pedotransfer functions including soil test cations (STCat; Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+), pH and soil organic carbon (SOC, %) as explanatory variables were developed for estimating CEC, titratable acidity (TA; H+ + Al3+) and clay content (clay, %). In addition, reference values for potential CEC and its components were determined for Finnish mineral and organic soils. The mean of potential CEC extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 ranged from 14 (range 6.4−25) in coarse soils to 33 (21−45) cmol(+) kg-1 in heavy clay soils, and from 42 (24−82) in mull soils to 77 (25−138) cmol(+) kg-1 in peat soils. The average CEC of clay and SOC were 27 and 160 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. Titratable acidity occupied 53% and around 40% of the CEC sites in organic and mineral soils, respectively, evidencing that it is a prominent component of the potential CEC in these predominantly acidic soils. STCat, pH and SOC explained 96% of the variation in potential CEC. STCat and pH can be used in estimating the clay content especially for soils containing over 30% clay. In coarse textured soils, in contrast, SOC hampers the STCat based estimation of clay content.
{"title":"Estimating cation exchange capacity and clay content from agricultural soil testing data","authors":"M. Räty, R. Keskinen, M. Yli-Halla, J. Hyvönen, H. Soinne","doi":"10.23986/afsci.111107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.111107","url":null,"abstract":"Clay content and the ability to reversibly retain cations affect many essential chemical and physical properties of soil, such as pH buffering and carbon sequestration. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation are also commonly used as criteria in soil classification. However, determination of CEC and particle-size distribution is laborious and not included in routine soil testing. In this study, pedotransfer functions including soil test cations (STCat; Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+), pH and soil organic carbon (SOC, %) as explanatory variables were developed for estimating CEC, titratable acidity (TA; H+ + Al3+) and clay content (clay, %). In addition, reference values for potential CEC and its components were determined for Finnish mineral and organic soils. The mean of potential CEC extracted by 1 M ammonium acetate at pH 7.0 ranged from 14 (range 6.4−25) in coarse soils to 33 (21−45) cmol(+) kg-1 in heavy clay soils, and from 42 (24−82) in mull soils to 77 (25−138) cmol(+) kg-1 in peat soils. The average CEC of clay and SOC were 27 and 160 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively. Titratable acidity occupied 53% and around 40% of the CEC sites in organic and mineral soils, respectively, evidencing that it is a prominent component of the potential CEC in these predominantly acidic soils. STCat, pH and SOC explained 96% of the variation in potential CEC. STCat and pH can be used in estimating the clay content especially for soils containing over 30% clay. In coarse textured soils, in contrast, SOC hampers the STCat based estimation of clay content.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78565984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Śmiecińska, W. Sobotka, Elwira Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska
The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with different vegetable protein sources. It was found that partial (50% in grower diets) and complete (100% in finisher diets) replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from faba bean seeds (FB) cv. ‘Albus’, yellow lupine seeds (YL) cv. ‘Taper’ or corn DDGS, had no significant effect on carcass quality characteristics or the chemical composition of meat. In all groups, meat samples were characterized by color typical of pork, high water-holding capacity and low pH values. A sensory analysis of the eating quality attributes of meat revealed that they were highly satisfactory; only aroma intensity was affected by the experimental factor. The study demonstrated that growing-finishing pigs can be fed complete diets containing the analyzed vegetable protein sources alternative to GM-SBM without compromising carcass or meat quality.
{"title":"Carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with plant-based protein sources alternative to genetically modified soybean meal","authors":"K. Śmiecińska, W. Sobotka, Elwira Fiedorowicz-Szatkowska","doi":"10.23986/afsci.110877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.110877","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate carcass and meat quality in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with different vegetable protein sources. It was found that partial (50% in grower diets) and complete (100% in finisher diets) replacement of protein from genetically modified soybean meal (GM-SBM) with protein from 00-rapeseed meal (00-RSM), alone or in combination with protein from faba bean seeds (FB) cv. ‘Albus’, yellow lupine seeds (YL) cv. ‘Taper’ or corn DDGS, had no significant effect on carcass quality characteristics or the chemical composition of meat. In all groups, meat samples were characterized by color typical of pork, high water-holding capacity and low pH values. A sensory analysis of the eating quality attributes of meat revealed that they were highly satisfactory; only aroma intensity was affected by the experimental factor. The study demonstrated that growing-finishing pigs can be fed complete diets containing the analyzed vegetable protein sources alternative to GM-SBM without compromising carcass or meat quality.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77834905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liina Kann, M. Koppel, T. Kaart, Bulat Islamov, P. Sooväli, A. Mäe
A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.
{"title":"Resistance developments in Estonia’s population of pollen beetles (Brassicogethes aeneus)","authors":"Liina Kann, M. Koppel, T. Kaart, Bulat Islamov, P. Sooväli, A. Mäe","doi":"10.23986/afsci.108983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.108983","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 111 local pollen beetle populations were collected from both winter and spring oilseed rape fields, in the main oilseed growing regions of Estonia between 2015−2019. The objective was to analyse the insecticide-susceptibility of the pollen beetle population (in the form of Brassicogethes aeneus). The pollen beetle samples were tested for sensitivity to lambda-cyhalothrin, thiacloprid, and chlorpyrifos. The efficacy of the tested insecticides varied considerably by region. We observed a clear decrease in susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiacloprid, but sensitivity to chlorpyrifos remained stable throughout the period between 2015 and 2019. Amongst the tested samples in that period, a total of 3% were classified as susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin, 18% as moderately resistant, 70% as resistant, and 7% as highly resistant. In the case of thiacloprid, 21% of the samples were highly susceptible to the insecticide, 39% were susceptible, and 41% had reduced levels of susceptibility to the insecticide. The information which was presented tended to confirm the ongoing evolution of insecticide resistance in the B. aeneus population in Estonia, while also highlighting the importance of data-based decisions when optimising insecticide resistance management in the field.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：