Joanna Doniec, M. Pierzchalska, B. Mickowska, M. Grabacka
Brussels sprouts provide bioactive compounds with widely acknowledged health-promoting effects observed in various levels: single cells, organs and tissues, or the whole organism. However, the choice of the appropriate hydrothermal processing is critical to sustain the nutritional values and cytoprotective activities, as Brussels sprouts are rarely eaten raw. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various culinary methods (boiling, steaming, and sous-vide in comparison to raw plant material) applied to Brussels sprouts on the chosen functions of liver and intestinal cell lines (HepG2 and Caco-2, respectively): the markers of enterocyte differentiation (alkaline phosphatase and sucrase-isomaltase activities and protein level), glutathione store management (total GSH concentration and Glu, Gly, Cys and Met amino acids analysis) and mitochondrial polarization (JC-1 staining analysis). The in vitro digestates from raw Brussels sprouts had a stronger positive effect on the enterocyte marker enzymes in the Caco-2 cultures as compared to the digestates from the hydrothermally processed vegetables (boiled, steamed, and sous-vide). The sous-vide method diminished the intracellular glutathione stores. Hydrothermal processing, particularly steaming and sous-vide had a negative impact on the mitochondrial abundance and polarization as compared to raw vegetables. Our results suggest that shorter processing is more beneficial to retain glutathione and mitochondrial polarization than longer hydrothermal treatment.
{"title":"The in vitro digestates from Brussels sprouts processed with various hydrothermal treatments affect the intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, mitochondrial polarization and glutathione level","authors":"Joanna Doniec, M. Pierzchalska, B. Mickowska, M. Grabacka","doi":"10.23986/afsci.130131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.130131","url":null,"abstract":"Brussels sprouts provide bioactive compounds with widely acknowledged health-promoting effects observed in various levels: single cells, organs and tissues, or the whole organism. However, the choice of the appropriate hydrothermal processing is critical to sustain the nutritional values and cytoprotective activities, as Brussels sprouts are rarely eaten raw. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various culinary methods (boiling, steaming, and sous-vide in comparison to raw plant material) applied to Brussels sprouts on the chosen functions of liver and intestinal cell lines (HepG2 and Caco-2, respectively): the markers of enterocyte differentiation (alkaline phosphatase and sucrase-isomaltase activities and protein level), glutathione store management (total GSH concentration and Glu, Gly, Cys and Met amino acids analysis) and mitochondrial polarization (JC-1 staining analysis). The in vitro digestates from raw Brussels sprouts had a stronger positive effect on the enterocyte marker enzymes in the Caco-2 cultures as compared to the digestates from the hydrothermally processed vegetables (boiled, steamed, and sous-vide). The sous-vide method diminished the intracellular glutathione stores. Hydrothermal processing, particularly steaming and sous-vide had a negative impact on the mitochondrial abundance and polarization as compared to raw vegetables. Our results suggest that shorter processing is more beneficial to retain glutathione and mitochondrial polarization than longer hydrothermal treatment.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82175306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate how horticultural firms meet their need for innovation within the innovation system. A comparative process ethnography approach was applied to two cases of long-term collaboration between multiple actors in Swedish horticulture. The retrospective reconstruction of the cases through documentation and interviews allowed for triangulation of data in a grounded theory approach. The leverage points of the developing collaborative processes were found to be; having agency and a network approach, the forming of collective agency through social learning, enhancing resource access, and operationalization of results. The concept of leverage points is useful for understanding evolutionary changes in multi-actor collaborations. The use of the concept of collective agency contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of demand articulation, illustrating a reciprocal process between the actors’ individual agencies, and evolving over time through their social learning. The results point to a need for policymakers and practitioners to develop a broader understanding of how actors work in the innovation system to enhance knowledge development and innovation.
{"title":"Collective agency as a leverage point in multi-actor innovation","authors":"Lisa Blix Germundsson, M. Ljung","doi":"10.23986/afsci.128680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.128680","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate how horticultural firms meet their need for innovation within the innovation system. A comparative process ethnography approach was applied to two cases of long-term collaboration between multiple actors in Swedish horticulture. The retrospective reconstruction of the cases through documentation and interviews allowed for triangulation of data in a grounded theory approach. The leverage points of the developing collaborative processes were found to be; having agency and a network approach, the forming of collective agency through social learning, enhancing resource access, and operationalization of results. The concept of leverage points is useful for understanding evolutionary changes in multi-actor collaborations. The use of the concept of collective agency contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of demand articulation, illustrating a reciprocal process between the actors’ individual agencies, and evolving over time through their social learning. The results point to a need for policymakers and practitioners to develop a broader understanding of how actors work in the innovation system to enhance knowledge development and innovation.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73944461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristoffer H. Hellton, H. Amdahl, T. Thorarinsdottir, M. Alsheikh, T. Aamlid, M. Jørgensen, Sigiridur Dalmannsdottir, O. Rognli
The perennial forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is the most important forage crop in Norway. Future changesin the climate will affect growing conditions and hence the yield output. We used data from the Norwegian Value for Cultivation and Use testing to find a statistical prediction model for total dry matter yield (DMY) based on agro-climatic variables. The statistical model selection found that the predictors with the highest predictive power were growing degree days (GDD) in July and the number of days with rain (>1mm) in June–July. These predictors together explained 43% of the variability in total DMY. Further, the prediction model was combined with a range of climate ensembles (RCP4.5) to project DMY of timothy for the decades 2050–2059 and 2090–2099 at 8 locations in Norway. Our projections forecast that DMY of today’s timothy varieties may decrease substantially in South-Eastern Norway, but increase in Northern Norway, by the middle of the century, due to increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.
{"title":"Yield predictions of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in Norway under future climate scenarios","authors":"Kristoffer H. Hellton, H. Amdahl, T. Thorarinsdottir, M. Alsheikh, T. Aamlid, M. Jørgensen, Sigiridur Dalmannsdottir, O. Rognli","doi":"10.23986/afsci.127935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127935","url":null,"abstract":"The perennial forage grass timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is the most important forage crop in Norway. Future changesin the climate will affect growing conditions and hence the yield output. We used data from the Norwegian Value for Cultivation and Use testing to find a statistical prediction model for total dry matter yield (DMY) based on agro-climatic variables. The statistical model selection found that the predictors with the highest predictive power were growing degree days (GDD) in July and the number of days with rain (>1mm) in June–July. These predictors together explained 43% of the variability in total DMY. Further, the prediction model was combined with a range of climate ensembles (RCP4.5) to project DMY of timothy for the decades 2050–2059 and 2090–2099 at 8 locations in Norway. Our projections forecast that DMY of today’s timothy varieties may decrease substantially in South-Eastern Norway, but increase in Northern Norway, by the middle of the century, due to increased temperatures and changing precipitation patterns.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73124721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk. A modification of the normal three-cut harvesting strategy was evaluated consisting of shortened first grass regrowth period to increase the energy value of the silage crop over the whole growing season under Boreal conditions. Grass was ensiled from timothy-meadow fescue-red clover swards over two years at three consecutive harvests within the growing season. Diets based on the silages (D1, 1st cut; D2, 2nd cut and D3, 3rd cut) were fed to dairy cows in two milk production experiments using change-over designs and an average concentrate proportion of 0.41 on dry matter basis. Consistently high energy value in silages was achieved and despite minor differences in silage D-values, feed intake was highest for D1. The differences in energy-corrected milk yield between treatments were limited to an increase for D2 in Exp 2 so that feed energy conversion into milk was decreased with D1. A shortened first regrowth interval for grass silage harvest was a viable option, but forage area per animal and other farm specific factors should be considered when choosing the silage harvesting strategy.
{"title":"Shortened first regrowth interval of grass silage as a harvesting strategy to improve nutrient supply for dairy cows: a case study","authors":"A. Sairanen, S. Kajava, A. Palmio, M. Rinne","doi":"10.23986/afsci.127253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.127253","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy cows have a highly valuable ability to convert grass into milk. A modification of the normal three-cut harvesting strategy was evaluated consisting of shortened first grass regrowth period to increase the energy value of the silage crop over the whole growing season under Boreal conditions. Grass was ensiled from timothy-meadow fescue-red clover swards over two years at three consecutive harvests within the growing season. Diets based on the silages (D1, 1st cut; D2, 2nd cut and D3, 3rd cut) were fed to dairy cows in two milk production experiments using change-over designs and an average concentrate proportion of 0.41 on dry matter basis. Consistently high energy value in silages was achieved and despite minor differences in silage D-values, feed intake was highest for D1. The differences in energy-corrected milk yield between treatments were limited to an increase for D2 in Exp 2 so that feed energy conversion into milk was decreased with D1. A shortened first regrowth interval for grass silage harvest was a viable option, but forage area per animal and other farm specific factors should be considered when choosing the silage harvesting strategy.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75720392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anniina Lehtilä, A. Sairanen, S. Jaakkola, T. Kokkonen, K. Kuoppala, T. Jokiniemi, D. Wasonga, P. Mäkelä
Forage maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutritional quality fluctuate markedly in Northern Europe due to weather conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Southern Finland (Helsinki, 2018–2020) and in Central Finland (Maaninka, Kuopio, 2019–2020) to study the effect of harvest time and use of mulch film, in order to optimize the dry matter (DM) yield and quality. Treatments included oxo-biodegradable mulch film and no mulch, and three harvest times (the latter only in Helsinki). Mulch film increased DM yield on average by 2.3 Mg ha-1 in Helsinki and by 3.8 Mg ha-1 in Maaninka. Mulch film had a minor effect on the quality, and overall, the quality improved, although DM yield accumulation had already ceased. Nevertheless, the starch contents fluctuated and remained mostly below the target rate – 300 g kg-1 DM – especially in Central Finland. The results indicate that mulch film improves forage maize yield, but a late harvest is still required to improve forage quality. However, climate conditions still restrict starch accumulation to ears in Northern European climate conditions, especially in the important milk production area in Central Finland.
在北欧，由于天气条件的影响，饲用玉米(Zea mays L.)产量和营养品质波动显著。为了优化干物质产量和品质，在芬兰南部(赫尔辛基，2018-2020)和芬兰中部(马宁卡，库奥皮奥，2019-2020)进行了田间试验，研究了收获时间和地膜使用对干物质产量和品质的影响。处理包括氧化生物可降解地膜和不覆盖地膜，三次收获(后者仅在赫尔辛基)。在赫尔辛基和马宁卡，地膜平均提高DM产量分别为2.3 Mg ha-1和3.8 Mg ha-1。地膜对品质的影响较小，总体而言，品质有所改善，但DM产量积累已经停止。然而，淀粉含量波动较大，大部分仍低于目标值(300 g kg-1 DM)，尤其是在芬兰中部地区。结果表明，覆膜可提高饲用玉米产量，但要提高饲用玉米品质，仍需晚收。然而，在北欧的气候条件下，特别是在芬兰中部重要的牛奶产区，气候条件仍然限制了淀粉在耳中的积累。
{"title":"Response of forage maize yield and quality to mulch film and harvest time in Northern Europe","authors":"Anniina Lehtilä, A. Sairanen, S. Jaakkola, T. Kokkonen, K. Kuoppala, T. Jokiniemi, D. Wasonga, P. Mäkelä","doi":"10.23986/afsci.125326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.125326","url":null,"abstract":"Forage maize (Zea mays L.) yield and nutritional quality fluctuate markedly in Northern Europe due to weather conditions. A field experiment was conducted in Southern Finland (Helsinki, 2018–2020) and in Central Finland (Maaninka, Kuopio, 2019–2020) to study the effect of harvest time and use of mulch film, in order to optimize the dry matter (DM) yield and quality. Treatments included oxo-biodegradable mulch film and no mulch, and three harvest times (the latter only in Helsinki). Mulch film increased DM yield on average by 2.3 Mg ha-1 in Helsinki and by 3.8 Mg ha-1 in Maaninka. Mulch film had a minor effect on the quality, and overall, the quality improved, although DM yield accumulation had already ceased. Nevertheless, the starch contents fluctuated and remained mostly below the target rate – 300 g kg-1 DM – especially in Central Finland. The results indicate that mulch film improves forage maize yield, but a late harvest is still required to improve forage quality. However, climate conditions still restrict starch accumulation to ears in Northern European climate conditions, especially in the important milk production area in Central Finland.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84012733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Jerez-Timaure, Gaspar Brinckmann, M. Berkhoff, A. Ramírez-Reveco, P. Strobel
This study aimed to investigate the multivariate relationship between the glycolytic potential, and meat quality traits from grass-fed steers carcasses with variations in early postmortem pH. From a contemporary group of steers (n=70) from the same production unit and slaughtered under similar conditions, thirty carcasses (10/group) were selected based on pH values measured at 3h (pH3h): Low (< 6.2), Intermediate pH3h (6.2–6.5), and High (> 6.5). Carcasses segregated by pH3h groups were different (p < 0.05) in muscular glycogen (MCG), glucose (G+G6P) content, glycolytic potential (GP) and GPstrict (GP without lactate content). The interaction pH3h groups × sampling time was significant only for lactate content (LC) (p < 0.05). Quality traits, except redness, did not vary (p > 0.05) among pH3h groups. Color variables had a positive and moderate correlation with MGC, G+G6P, LC, and GP. Results does not allow to recommend early carcass segregation by very early pH (3h postmortem); however, important bivariate and multivariate relationships between G+G6P, lactate content and instrumental color parameters in LL muscle from grass-fed cattle were demonstrated.
{"title":"Variations of early postmortem pH in carcasses of grass-fed steers and its relationship with glycolytic potential and meat quality traits","authors":"N. Jerez-Timaure, Gaspar Brinckmann, M. Berkhoff, A. Ramírez-Reveco, P. Strobel","doi":"10.23986/afsci.121501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.121501","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the multivariate relationship between the glycolytic potential, and meat quality traits from grass-fed steers carcasses with variations in early postmortem pH. From a contemporary group of steers (n=70) from the same production unit and slaughtered under similar conditions, thirty carcasses (10/group) were selected based on pH values measured at 3h (pH3h): Low (< 6.2), Intermediate pH3h (6.2–6.5), and High (> 6.5). Carcasses segregated by pH3h groups were different (p < 0.05) in muscular glycogen (MCG), glucose (G+G6P) content, glycolytic potential (GP) and GPstrict (GP without lactate content). The interaction pH3h groups × sampling time was significant only for lactate content (LC) (p < 0.05). Quality traits, except redness, did not vary (p > 0.05) among pH3h groups. Color variables had a positive and moderate correlation with MGC, G+G6P, LC, and GP. Results does not allow to recommend early carcass segregation by very early pH (3h postmortem); however, important bivariate and multivariate relationships between G+G6P, lactate content and instrumental color parameters in LL muscle from grass-fed cattle were demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78409483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Martens, Annette Jilg, M. Schneider, Barbara Misthilger, S. Ohl, O. Steinhöfel
Total Mixed Rations (TMR) including silages are commonly fed to cattle in many parts of the world, but they tend to deteriorate on exposure to air, especially in the warm season. The aim of the study was to develop an easy to implement protocol in order to compare the aerobic stability of different feed mixtures for lactating dairy cattle and to test the potential of TMR stabilizing products to delay spoilage. The experimental conditions were standardized to 25 °C ambient, and the sample dry matter was adjusted to 400 g kg-1 to challenge shelf life. Temperature rise in an insulated vessel, which is frequently used when testing silages, was shown to be one promising indicator of spoilage activity. Furthermore, determination of pH, scores for visual occurrence of yeasts and moulds and condensation from 0–4 were successfully applied at the end of the 72 h period. A dosage of 4.5 l propionic acid t-1 proved suitable as a positive control when compared to 1.5 and 3.0 l t-1. The commercial products tested at the recommended dose had a similar efficacy. The stabilizing effect depended principally on the original hygienic condition of the ration. Visual evaluation plus the recording of pH, in addition to continuous temperature measurement facilitated this appraisal. Early signs of spoilage, in particular, can only be assessed by visual appraisal. Thus, an evaluation of a combination of indicators of aerobic stability is recommended.
包括青贮饲料在内的全混合口粮(TMR)在世界上许多地方通常被喂给牛，但它们暴露在空气中往往会变质，特别是在温暖的季节。本研究的目的是制定一个易于实施的方案，以比较不同饲料混合物对泌乳奶牛的有氧稳定性，并测试TMR稳定产品延缓腐败的潜力。实验条件标准化为25°C环境，样品干物质调整为400 g kg-1以挑战保质期。在测试青贮时经常使用的绝缘容器中的温升被证明是一种有希望的变质活动指标。此外，在72 h结束时，成功地进行了pH测定，酵母和霉菌的视觉发生评分以及0-4之间的冷凝。与1.5 l和3.0 l t-1相比，4.5 l丙酸t-1作为阳性对照证明是合适的。在推荐剂量下测试的商业产品也有类似的功效。稳定效果主要取决于口粮的原始卫生条件。目视评价加上pH值的记录，以及连续的温度测量有助于这种评价。特别是，腐烂的早期迹象只能通过目测来评估。因此，建议对有氧稳定性的综合指标进行评估。
{"title":"Testing the aerobic stability of silage-based mixed rations using a multiple indicator approach","authors":"S. Martens, Annette Jilg, M. Schneider, Barbara Misthilger, S. Ohl, O. Steinhöfel","doi":"10.23986/afsci.115968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.115968","url":null,"abstract":"Total Mixed Rations (TMR) including silages are commonly fed to cattle in many parts of the world, but they tend to deteriorate on exposure to air, especially in the warm season. The aim of the study was to develop an easy to implement protocol in order to compare the aerobic stability of different feed mixtures for lactating dairy cattle and to test the potential of TMR stabilizing products to delay spoilage. The experimental conditions were standardized to 25 °C ambient, and the sample dry matter was adjusted to 400 g kg-1 to challenge shelf life. Temperature rise in an insulated vessel, which is frequently used when testing silages, was shown to be one promising indicator of spoilage activity. Furthermore, determination of pH, scores for visual occurrence of yeasts and moulds and condensation from 0–4 were successfully applied at the end of the 72 h period. A dosage of 4.5 l propionic acid t-1 proved suitable as a positive control when compared to 1.5 and 3.0 l t-1. The commercial products tested at the recommended dose had a similar efficacy. The stabilizing effect depended principally on the original hygienic condition of the ration. Visual evaluation plus the recording of pH, in addition to continuous temperature measurement facilitated this appraisal. Early signs of spoilage, in particular, can only be assessed by visual appraisal. Thus, an evaluation of a combination of indicators of aerobic stability is recommended.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79727273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Temperature conditions affect growth and grain development during the grain-filling stage, but a comprehensive analysis of oat subjected to different temperatures during grain development has not been studied. In this study, an integrated physiological and proteomic examination of oat spikelets was performed to analyze the influence of five different day-time temperatures on stress-relative parameters and grain development. Physiological analysis showed decrease of total chlorophyll, shoot dry weight and spikelet shape development and increased activation of MDA, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes, with increase of temperatures. However, considering major grain yield components and storage materials, there should be an optimum temperature during ripening period. The result of proteomic analysis showed significantly high expressions of stress-related gene in high temperature treatment and grain storage materials in optimum temperature. Our findings indicate that temperature conditions during the grain-filling period exert a major influence on yield potential.
{"title":"Various temperature effects on spikelet growth in hulless oat during grain-filling stage","authors":"Chan Seop Ko, Joo-Sun Lee, Y. Seo","doi":"10.23986/afsci.121256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.121256","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature conditions affect growth and grain development during the grain-filling stage, but a comprehensive analysis of oat subjected to different temperatures during grain development has not been studied. In this study, an integrated physiological and proteomic examination of oat spikelets was performed to analyze the influence of five different day-time temperatures on stress-relative parameters and grain development. Physiological analysis showed decrease of total chlorophyll, shoot dry weight and spikelet shape development and increased activation of MDA, soluble sugar and antioxidant enzymes, with increase of temperatures. However, considering major grain yield components and storage materials, there should be an optimum temperature during ripening period. The result of proteomic analysis showed significantly high expressions of stress-related gene in high temperature treatment and grain storage materials in optimum temperature. Our findings indicate that temperature conditions during the grain-filling period exert a major influence on yield potential.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75628090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Palonen, Iiris Lettojärvi, A. Koivisto, Arja Raatikainen
We investigated the impact of repeated runner removal after harvest and row cover during fall on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cvs. Polka and Wendy cropping potential in the joint project of the University of Helsinki and the Rural Advisory Services Finland. Field trials were carried out in 2017 to 2019 on strawberry farms in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland, at 62°49′N. The treatment effects on the crown carbohydrate reserves, flowering, and yield were recorded. Runner removal three times in three-week intervals after harvest decreased the crown starch reserves but increased the length of the apical inflorescence initials as observed through flower mapping in November, and the numbers of inflorescences and flowers in cv. Polka. Floating row cover after flower induction in September to October hastened floral development in the fall and increased the numbers of inflorescences, flowers, and fruit in cv. Wendy. Although the effects may depend on a cultivar and weather conditions during fall, repeated removal of runners after harvest and covering plants with a floating row cover after flower induction are recommended to increase strawberry yield potential in the Northern climate.
{"title":"Repeated runner removal after harvest and floating row cover during fall affect carbohydrate status and yield potential of strawberry cvs. Polka and Wendy in the Northern climate","authors":"P. Palonen, Iiris Lettojärvi, A. Koivisto, Arja Raatikainen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.120423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.120423","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the impact of repeated runner removal after harvest and row cover during fall on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cvs. Polka and Wendy cropping potential in the joint project of the University of Helsinki and the Rural Advisory Services Finland. Field trials were carried out in 2017 to 2019 on strawberry farms in Southern Ostrobothnia, Finland, at 62°49′N. The treatment effects on the crown carbohydrate reserves, flowering, and yield were recorded. Runner removal three times in three-week intervals after harvest decreased the crown starch reserves but increased the length of the apical inflorescence initials as observed through flower mapping in November, and the numbers of inflorescences and flowers in cv. Polka. Floating row cover after flower induction in September to October hastened floral development in the fall and increased the numbers of inflorescences, flowers, and fruit in cv. Wendy. Although the effects may depend on a cultivar and weather conditions during fall, repeated removal of runners after harvest and covering plants with a floating row cover after flower induction are recommended to increase strawberry yield potential in the Northern climate.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72899118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adding carbonated or non-carbonated lime to clay soils can lead to changes in aggregate stability. In Sweden, ‘structure liming’ with a mixed product (normally 80–85% calcium carbonate and 15–20% calcium hydroxide) is subsidised through environmental schemes to increase aggregate stability, thereby mitigating losses of particulate phosphorus (PP). This study assessed the effects of structure liming on aggregate stability in eight clay soils in southern Sweden, using turbidity as a proxy for aggregate stability. Turbidity in leachate from simulated rain events performed on aggregates (2–5 mm) in the laboratory was measured one and six years after application of four treatments 0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha-1 of a mixed structure liming product. The effect on turbidity was analysed for all application rates, but also as the contrast between the unlimed control and the mean of the limed treatments, to identify the general effect. A significant effect of structure liming on turbidity was found after one year. The effect decreased over time, but was still detectable after six years. However, there was a significant interaction between trial and treatment, indicating different reactions on different soils and suggesting that not all clay soils are suitable for structure liming if the desired objective is to lower the risk of PP losses. Clay content, initial pH and mineralogy may explain the different responses to structure liming. These findings show a need for a site-specific structure liming strategy. As a tentative recommendation, soils with a minimum clay content of approximately 25–30% and pH <7 should be preferred for structure liming.
在粘土中加入碳化石灰或非碳化石灰会导致团聚体稳定性的变化。在瑞典，使用混合产品(通常为80-85%碳酸钙和15-20%氢氧化钙)的“结构石灰”通过环境计划获得补贴，以增加骨料稳定性，从而减轻颗粒磷(PP)的损失。本研究评估了结构石灰化对瑞典南部八种粘土中骨料稳定性的影响，使用浊度作为骨料稳定性的代理。在实验室对集料(2-5毫米)进行模拟降雨事件产生的渗滤液浊度进行了测量，在使用混合结构石灰产品的4种处理0、4、8和16 t ha-1后的1年和6年。分析了所有施用量对浊度的影响，同时也作为无石灰对照和有石灰处理的平均值之间的对比，以确定总体效果。一年后发现结构石灰对浊度有显著影响。这种影响随着时间的推移而减弱，但在六年后仍然可以检测到。然而，试验和处理之间存在显著的相互作用，表明在不同的土壤上有不同的反应，并且表明如果期望的目标是降低PP损失的风险，并不是所有的粘土都适合进行结构限制。粘土含量、初始pH值和矿物学可以解释对结构石灰化的不同反应。这些发现表明需要一种特定地点的结构限定策略。作为初步建议，粘土最低含量约为25-30%，pH <7的土壤应优先用于结构石灰化。
{"title":"Site characteristics determine the duration of structure liming effects on clay soil","authors":"J. Blomquist, J. Englund, K. Berglund","doi":"10.23986/afsci.115313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.115313","url":null,"abstract":"Adding carbonated or non-carbonated lime to clay soils can lead to changes in aggregate stability. In Sweden, ‘structure liming’ with a mixed product (normally 80–85% calcium carbonate and 15–20% calcium hydroxide) is subsidised through environmental schemes to increase aggregate stability, thereby mitigating losses of particulate phosphorus (PP). This study assessed the effects of structure liming on aggregate stability in eight clay soils in southern Sweden, using turbidity as a proxy for aggregate stability. Turbidity in leachate from simulated rain events performed on aggregates (2–5 mm) in the laboratory was measured one and six years after application of four treatments 0, 4, 8 and 16 t ha-1 of a mixed structure liming product. The effect on turbidity was analysed for all application rates, but also as the contrast between the unlimed control and the mean of the limed treatments, to identify the general effect. A significant effect of structure liming on turbidity was found after one year. The effect decreased over time, but was still detectable after six years. However, there was a significant interaction between trial and treatment, indicating different reactions on different soils and suggesting that not all clay soils are suitable for structure liming if the desired objective is to lower the risk of PP losses. Clay content, initial pH and mineralogy may explain the different responses to structure liming. These findings show a need for a site-specific structure liming strategy. As a tentative recommendation, soils with a minimum clay content of approximately 25–30% and pH <7 should be preferred for structure liming.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"52 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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