On March 11, 2011, the strongest ever recorded in Japan earthquake occurred which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in Fukushima nuclear plant. The latter was a “manmade” disaster having immense impacts on people’s life, health, and property, infrastructure, supply chains, economy, policies, natural and institutional environment, etc. This paper presents work in progress and assesses preparedness for and agri-food impacts of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, identifies challenges in post-disaster recovery, and withdraws lessons for improving disaster risk management. Japan was not well prepared for such a huge disaster while the agri-food sector and consumption have been among the worst-hit areas. The triple disaster was a rare but high-impact event, therefore, it is necessary to “prepare for the unexpected”. Risk assessment is to include diverse hazards and multiple effects of a likely disaster, it is to be discussed with all stakeholders, and measures taken to educate and train all for complex disasters. It is necessary to modernize property rights, regulations, safety standards, and norms, enhance the capability of responsible public authorities and improve coordination between diverse actors. It is important to set up mechanisms for effective public resource allocation and reduction of agents’ costs. Different elements of the agri-food chain have dissimilar capabilities requiring differential public support. There is a strong “regional” interdependency of agrarian, food, and rural assets (and damages), and it is important to properly locate risk and take prevention and recovery measures. Disaster response demonstrated the important role of small-scale farms and food organizations, and the high efficiency of private, market, and collective governance. Before, during, and after a disaster, all available information from all sources is to be immediately publicized in understandable form through all possible means. Disaster provides an opportunity to discuss, introduce and implement fundamental changes in agricultural, economic, regional, energy, disaster management, etc. policies. It is important to learn from past experiences, prepare for multiple disasters, and make sure that “lessons learned” are not forgotten.
{"title":"Agri-food Impacts of Fukushima Nuclear Accident - Lessons Learned 10 Years after Disaster","authors":"Hrabrin Bachev Храбрин Башев","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3856217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3856217","url":null,"abstract":"On March 11, 2011, the strongest ever recorded in Japan earthquake occurred which triggered a powerful tsunami and caused a nuclear accident in Fukushima nuclear plant. The latter was a “manmade” disaster having immense impacts on people’s life, health, and property, infrastructure, supply chains, economy, policies, natural and institutional environment, etc. This paper presents work in progress and assesses preparedness for and agri-food impacts of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, identifies challenges in post-disaster recovery, and withdraws lessons for improving disaster risk management. Japan was not well prepared for such a huge disaster while the agri-food sector and consumption have been among the worst-hit areas. The triple disaster was a rare but high-impact event, therefore, it is necessary to “prepare for the unexpected”. Risk assessment is to include diverse hazards and multiple effects of a likely disaster, it is to be discussed with all stakeholders, and measures taken to educate and train all for complex disasters. It is necessary to modernize property rights, regulations, safety standards, and norms, enhance the capability of responsible public authorities and improve coordination between diverse actors. It is important to set up mechanisms for effective public resource allocation and reduction of agents’ costs. Different elements of the agri-food chain have dissimilar capabilities requiring differential public support. There is a strong “regional” interdependency of agrarian, food, and rural assets (and damages), and it is important to properly locate risk and take prevention and recovery measures. Disaster response demonstrated the important role of small-scale farms and food organizations, and the high efficiency of private, market, and collective governance. Before, during, and after a disaster, all available information from all sources is to be immediately publicized in understandable form through all possible means. Disaster provides an opportunity to discuss, introduce and implement fundamental changes in agricultural, economic, regional, energy, disaster management, etc. policies. It is important to learn from past experiences, prepare for multiple disasters, and make sure that “lessons learned” are not forgotten.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84915192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent methodological developments have uncovered the etiological diversity of the potato blackleg and soft rot Pectobacteriaceae. At least five species in the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium have been confirmed to cause blackleg on potatoes in Finland. The bacteria are seed borne and remain latent in the tuber until conditions favourable for growth, multiplication and infection prevail. Tubers could be infected by one or more of these species. This short communication is based on the results of molecular detection data collected for more than 14 years from potato seed lots produced in Finland. Diagnostic PCR assay specific to Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, P. brasiliense and P. parmentieri revealed that potatoes are infected by one or more of these species; it also revealed that single species infection is more common than multiple colonization. An event of simultaneous occurrences of different strains from the Pectobacterium species appears to be more frequent than that observed between Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. The absence of co-occurrence of Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum is intriguing.
{"title":"Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland","authors":"Y. Degefu","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.101446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.101446","url":null,"abstract":"Recent methodological developments have uncovered the etiological diversity of the potato blackleg and soft rot Pectobacteriaceae. At least five species in the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium have been confirmed to cause blackleg on potatoes in Finland. The bacteria are seed borne and remain latent in the tuber until conditions favourable for growth, multiplication and infection prevail. Tubers could be infected by one or more of these species. This short communication is based on the results of molecular detection data collected for more than 14 years from potato seed lots produced in Finland. Diagnostic PCR assay specific to Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, P. brasiliense and P. parmentieri revealed that potatoes are infected by one or more of these species; it also revealed that single species infection is more common than multiple colonization. An event of simultaneous occurrences of different strains from the Pectobacterium species appears to be more frequent than that observed between Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. The absence of co-occurrence of Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum is intriguing.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"51 10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76848136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Jokiniemi, H. Mikkola, M. Hakojärvi, L. Alakukku
Fuel consumption of various forage harvesting methods was assessed with a theoretical calculation model, which was validated with field measurements. The examined harvesting methods were tractor-powered forage harvester (TPFH), self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH), self-loading forage wagon (SLFW), and combined baling and wrapping (CBW). The results from the field measurements indicated that the model was working either well or satisfactorily with the examined methods, apart from the CBW method, which would require re-defining the model coefficients. Model sensitivity analysis indicated that variables such as yield level, working width and transportation distance have a significant effect on the fuel consumption. When the working width was increased from 3 m to 9 m, the fuel consumption of the examined methods decreased ca. 54–61%. Increasing the working width by windrowing was found recommended for all examined methods. In all, the most energy efficient method was SLFW, but it was also most sensitive to transportation distance. With the transportation distance of 10 km, the fuel consumption of the SLFW method was already 9–11 % higher compared to that of TPFH and SPFH methods. The strong effect of these variables may cause a wide variation in the fuel consumption of the examined methods, but the model can be used to standardize this effect. The results from this study can thus be used for approximate estimations of average fuel consumption of the examined forage harvesting methods.
{"title":"Comprehensive model for predicting the fuel consumption in various harvesting methods of grass silage","authors":"T. Jokiniemi, H. Mikkola, M. Hakojärvi, L. Alakukku","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.95432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.95432","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel consumption of various forage harvesting methods was assessed with a theoretical calculation model, which was validated with field measurements. The examined harvesting methods were tractor-powered forage harvester (TPFH), self-propelled forage harvester (SPFH), self-loading forage wagon (SLFW), and combined baling and wrapping (CBW). The results from the field measurements indicated that the model was working either well or satisfactorily with the examined methods, apart from the CBW method, which would require re-defining the model coefficients. Model sensitivity analysis indicated that variables such as yield level, working width and transportation distance have a significant effect on the fuel consumption. When the working width was increased from 3 m to 9 m, the fuel consumption of the examined methods decreased ca. 54–61%. Increasing the working width by windrowing was found recommended for all examined methods. In all, the most energy efficient method was SLFW, but it was also most sensitive to transportation distance. With the transportation distance of 10 km, the fuel consumption of the SLFW method was already 9–11 % higher compared to that of TPFH and SPFH methods. The strong effect of these variables may cause a wide variation in the fuel consumption of the examined methods, but the model can be used to standardize this effect. The results from this study can thus be used for approximate estimations of average fuel consumption of the examined forage harvesting methods.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82470581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the impact of a boycott on one of the largest Korean dairy producers, triggered by the exposure of the firm's unethical management practices, on its product sales and prices. We find empirical evidence that the boycott had substantial and long lasting consequences. First, consumer utility from the boycotted products decreased significantly, reflecting consumers' strong willingness to take part in the collective action. In addition, consumers with lower income or larger family size participated in the boycott more actively. Second, our discrete choice demand model, which addresses both heterogenous effects of the boycott and price endogeneity, estimates that sales of the two boycotted products decreased by 7.9 million liters in total during the 10-month post-boycott period, whereas sales of competing non-boycotted products increased by 3 million liters in the same period. Third, the decrease in sales and revenue was less severe for the product for which the boycotted firm sharply cut the price; our counterfactual analysis predicts that the firm's post-boycott revenue loss would have been higher by 75.8 percent had the price cut not been made. Our findings emphasize top-level managers' role in fostering an ethical organizational culture within the firm as well as taking proper and timely countermeasures to curb losses incurred by a boycott.
{"title":"Corporate Social Responsibility and Consumer Choice: Lessons from the Milk Boycott","authors":"I. Kim, Kyoo il Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3809759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3809759","url":null,"abstract":"We study the impact of a boycott on one of the largest Korean dairy producers, triggered by the exposure of the firm's unethical management practices, on its product sales and prices. We find empirical evidence that the boycott had substantial and long lasting consequences. First, consumer utility from the boycotted products decreased significantly, reflecting consumers' strong willingness to take part in the collective action. In addition, consumers with lower income or larger family size participated in the boycott more actively. Second, our discrete choice demand model, which addresses both heterogenous effects of the boycott and price endogeneity, estimates that sales of the two boycotted products decreased by 7.9 million liters in total during the 10-month post-boycott period, whereas sales of competing non-boycotted products increased by 3 million liters in the same period. Third, the decrease in sales and revenue was less severe for the product for which the boycotted firm sharply cut the price; our counterfactual analysis predicts that the firm's post-boycott revenue loss would have been higher by 75.8 percent had the price cut not been made. Our findings emphasize top-level managers' role in fostering an ethical organizational culture within the firm as well as taking proper and timely countermeasures to curb losses incurred by a boycott.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76902473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Żarczyński, S. Sienkiewicz, J. Wierzbowska, S. Krzebietke
This article presents results of a three-year field experiment laid out on medium textured soil, in north-eastern Poland. Winter oilseed rape was sprayed with foliar fertilisers AgravitaActive 48 (AA48) NPK 8:8.7:16.6 and AgravitaActive70 (AA70) NPK 10:22.7:6.6 at different phases of the crop’s vegetative growth (BBCH 14, BBCH 35). The impact of the fertilisers on yield of seeds, straw, total protein, crude fat and on the content of macroand micronutrients in aerial parts (BBCH 20 and 89) and roots (BBCH 20) of oilseed rape was evaluated. Foliar nutrition of oilseed rape plants with AA48 and AA70 significantly increased the seed yield of oilseed rape. The best yield-stimulating effect was achieved after the application of AA48 in autumn. Fertilisation of oilseed rape in that season of the year caused an increase in seed yield by 430 kg ha-1. Each fertiliser contributed to a rise in the yield of protein and yield of crude fat, but had no effect on the content of magnesium, copper and zinc in seeds.
{"title":"Response of winter oilseed rape to differentiated foliar fertilisation","authors":"P. Żarczyński, S. Sienkiewicz, J. Wierzbowska, S. Krzebietke","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.101280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.101280","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents results of a three-year field experiment laid out on medium textured soil, in north-eastern Poland. Winter oilseed rape was sprayed with foliar fertilisers AgravitaActive 48 (AA48) NPK 8:8.7:16.6 and AgravitaActive70 (AA70) NPK 10:22.7:6.6 at different phases of the crop’s vegetative growth (BBCH 14, BBCH 35). The impact of the fertilisers on yield of seeds, straw, total protein, crude fat and on the content of macroand micronutrients in aerial parts (BBCH 20 and 89) and roots (BBCH 20) of oilseed rape was evaluated. Foliar nutrition of oilseed rape plants with AA48 and AA70 significantly increased the seed yield of oilseed rape. The best yield-stimulating effect was achieved after the application of AA48 in autumn. Fertilisation of oilseed rape in that season of the year caused an increase in seed yield by 430 kg ha-1. Each fertiliser contributed to a rise in the yield of protein and yield of crude fat, but had no effect on the content of magnesium, copper and zinc in seeds.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74453437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Respondent biases introduce measurement error into household statistics. There are two components of respondent bias in household surveys: asymmetric information between proxy respondent and the individual on whom they report and aggregation bias when a proxy respondent reports on a household-level outcome across multiple individuals. We estimate the effects of respondent biases in a randomized control trial in Burkina Faso. Survey treatments vary who reports for the household including a self-report, the household head and a randomly chosen adult proxy. We find no effects of respondent type on total landholdings reported for the household, but statistically significant effects of area cultivated by random proxy reports relative to self-reported land data (11% of the standard deviation). Household heads over-report production of cereals, but under-report labor relative to self-reported labor. Female respondents report lower levels of fertilizer and higher frequencies of crops including legumes and vegetables that women traditionally produce relative to male respondents. Across all production variables, respondent biases are not solely attributable to asymmetric information. Aggregation bias is an important component of proxy misreporting for household production variables which can be addressed through survey design choices. These causal estimates of respondent biases underscore the importance of proxy reporting protocols in surveys and improved reporting of proxy descriptive statistics in empirical work.
{"title":"Respondent Biases in Household Surveys","authors":"A. Dillon, E. Mensah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3801258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3801258","url":null,"abstract":"Respondent biases introduce measurement error into household statistics. There are two components of respondent bias in household surveys: asymmetric information between proxy respondent and the individual on whom they report and aggregation bias when a proxy respondent reports on a household-level outcome across multiple individuals. We estimate the effects of respondent biases in a randomized control trial in Burkina Faso. Survey treatments vary who reports for the household including a self-report, the household head and a randomly chosen adult proxy. We find no effects of respondent type on total landholdings reported for the household, but statistically significant effects of area cultivated by random proxy reports relative to self-reported land data (11% of the standard deviation). Household heads over-report production of cereals, but under-report labor relative to self-reported labor. Female respondents report lower levels of fertilizer and higher frequencies of crops including legumes and vegetables that women traditionally produce relative to male respondents. Across all production variables, respondent biases are not solely attributable to asymmetric information. Aggregation bias is an important component of proxy misreporting for household production variables which can be addressed through survey design choices. These causal estimates of respondent biases underscore the importance of proxy reporting protocols in surveys and improved reporting of proxy descriptive statistics in empirical work.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81563316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates were included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.
{"title":"Comparing spring triticale varieties to barley and wheat varieties when harvested as whole crop","authors":"K. Manni, T. Lötjönen, A. Huuskonen","doi":"10.23986/AFSCI.100693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/AFSCI.100693","url":null,"abstract":"Two plot experiments in two consecutive years were conducted to compare spring triticale varieties to spring barley and spring wheat varieties to produce whole crop cereals for ruminants. In the first year, triticale varieties Nagano and Nilex, barley varieties Kaarle and Trekker and the wheat variety Helmi were studied. In the second year, the triticale varieties Bikini and Somtri and the barley variety Armas were also used. The crops were harvested at the early dough stage of ripening. A treatment with reduced fertilizer and seed rates were included to study their effects on the development of the undersown ley, but such effects could not be demonstrated. The triticale varieties except for Bikini produced high dry matter yields. The highest ear:stem ratio and pepsin-cellulase solubility in the ear were found in the barley varieties Armas and Kaarle, but the digestibility of the whole crop was not improved because of low pepsin-cellulase solubility of the stems or leaves. All the studied varieties were suitable for whole crop production. The production costs of the different types of whole crop silage were fairly similar.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the paper is to assess the involvement of organic farming to amplify the sustainability of Organic agriculture. Widespread use of chemicals in inorganic food production technology compelled the health careful people to discover and support organic farming methods in agriculture. Particularly in poorer countries sustainable Organic Farming can throw in to meaningful socio-economic and economically sustainable development. The goal of organic beliefs which means well-informed management of local resources (e.g. local seed varieties, manure, etc.) and therefore cost efficiency. Organic agriculture minimizes the risk of yield failure, alleviates returns and innovation in the life of small farmers’ families. Organic agriculture shows abundant benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture, it can increase efficiency in small farmers’ fields, and it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premiums for organic products. Organic farmers also profit from farmer cooperative and formation of social networks, which enhances good access to instruction, credit and welfare services. This paper brings out how the function of organic farming contributes for the sustainable practices and improving environment conservation, animal welfare, and product quality.
{"title":"Sustainable Organic Farming Practices","authors":"G. Nedumaran, Manida M","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3522459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3522459","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper is to assess the involvement of organic farming to amplify the sustainability of Organic agriculture. Widespread use of chemicals in inorganic food production technology compelled the health careful people to discover and support organic farming methods in agriculture. Particularly in poorer countries sustainable Organic Farming can throw in to meaningful socio-economic and economically sustainable development. The goal of organic beliefs which means well-informed management of local resources (e.g. local seed varieties, manure, etc.) and therefore cost efficiency. Organic agriculture minimizes the risk of yield failure, alleviates returns and innovation in the life of small farmers’ families. Organic agriculture shows abundant benefits, as it reduces many of the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture, it can increase efficiency in small farmers’ fields, and it reduces reliance on costly external inputs, and guarantees price premiums for organic products. Organic farmers also profit from farmer cooperative and formation of social networks, which enhances good access to instruction, credit and welfare services. This paper brings out how the function of organic farming contributes for the sustainable practices and improving environment conservation, animal welfare, and product quality.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73838210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of first, second and third harvest of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based concentrate (average concentrate proportion 431 g kg-1 diet dry matter). Feed intake and milk production was highest with first-cut and lowest with third-cut silage. The energy corrected milk yields averaged over three experiments were 35.0, 33.2 and 31.9 kg d-1 for first, second and third harvest silages, respectively. Respective dry matter intakes were 23.1, 21.9 and 20.7 kg d-1. Compared to analysed feed values, the average intake of third-cut silages was lower than expected. Due to the high risk of low intake potential of third-cut silages, they are not recommended for cows in early lactation if there are other silages available.
本研究的目的是比较北纬地区同一草地青贮一期、二期和三期的产奶量潜力。在气候条件明显不同的年份进行了3次转换设计奶牛饲养试验。本研究的目的是比较北纬地区同一草地的第一次、第二次和第三次草青贮的产奶量潜力。在气候条件明显不同的年份进行了3次转换设计奶牛饲养试验。青贮饲料中添加谷类精料(平均精料比例为431 g kg-1日粮干物质)。青贮一期采食量和产奶量最高，三期最低。3个试验一期、二期和三期青贮的能量修正产奶量平均分别为35.0、33.2和31.9 kg d-1。干物质采食量分别为23.1、21.9和20.7 kg d-1。与分析的饲料值相比，第三段青贮的平均采食量低于预期。由于三切青贮的高采食潜力低的风险，如果有其他青贮，则不建议在哺乳期早期的奶牛使用。
{"title":"A comparison of grass silages harvested at first, second and third cut on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows","authors":"A. Sairanen, S. Kajava, A. Palmio, M. Rinne","doi":"10.23986/afsci.101833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.101833","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of first, second and third harvest of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based The objective of this study was to compare the milk production potential of subsequent first, second and third cuts of grass silage from the same sward in Northern latitudes. Three change-over design dairy cow feeding experiments were conducted during different years which differed markedly in weather conditions. The silages were supplemented with a cereal based concentrate (average concentrate proportion 431 g kg-1 diet dry matter). Feed intake and milk production was highest with first-cut and lowest with third-cut silage. The energy corrected milk yields averaged over three experiments were 35.0, 33.2 and 31.9 kg d-1 for first, second and third harvest silages, respectively. Respective dry matter intakes were 23.1, 21.9 and 20.7 kg d-1. Compared to analysed feed values, the average intake of third-cut silages was lower than expected. Due to the high risk of low intake potential of third-cut silages, they are not recommended for cows in early lactation if there are other silages available.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85124331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural and forestry land markets are regulated in several European countries. However, assessing the economic consequences of land market regulation for agricultural and forestry firms is methodologically challenging for various reasons. The aim of this study is to highlight the usefulness of exploring expert stakeholders’ mental models in order to gain insights into the economic impacts of agricultural and forestry land market regulation. We use thematic analysis based on in-depth interview data to explore Swedish expert stakeholders’ mental models concerning the regulation of the Swedish agricultural and forestry land market. This research strategy facilitated a rich understanding of the effects of land regulation on economic consequences. Findings indicate that current regulation does not have any major impact on the economic situation of agricultural and forestry firms in Sweden. This is interesting from the perspective of agricultural and forestry land market policy.
{"title":"Land Acquisition Regulation through the lens of expert stakeholders’ mental models - what are the implications for business development among Swedish farmers?","authors":"H. Hansson, Katalin Simon, I. Kristensen","doi":"10.23986/afsci.103062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.103062","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural and forestry land markets are regulated in several European countries. However, assessing the economic consequences of land market regulation for agricultural and forestry firms is methodologically challenging for various reasons. The aim of this study is to highlight the usefulness of exploring expert stakeholders’ mental models in order to gain insights into the economic impacts of agricultural and forestry land market regulation. We use thematic analysis based on in-depth interview data to explore Swedish expert stakeholders’ mental models concerning the regulation of the Swedish agricultural and forestry land market. This research strategy facilitated a rich understanding of the effects of land regulation on economic consequences. Findings indicate that current regulation does not have any major impact on the economic situation of agricultural and forestry firms in Sweden. This is interesting from the perspective of agricultural and forestry land market policy.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88033671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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