Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. However, there is no known drug that can influence the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease and, as such, current treatments are limited to provision of symptom alleviation. Exercise, including dance, has been shown to positively influence general health and both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. This review explores how exercise and dance could be beneficial to people with PD and considers the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights have the potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments that can help manage Parkinsonism and improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease for patients.
{"title":"Dance and Parkinson's: Biological perspective and rationale","authors":"Jessica McMahon, Paul Chazot","doi":"10.1002/lim2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. However, there is no known drug that can influence the underlying aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease and, as such, current treatments are limited to provision of symptom alleviation. Exercise, including dance, has been shown to positively influence general health and both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. This review explores how exercise and dance could be beneficial to people with PD and considers the potential underlying biological mechanisms. Such insights have the potential to identify novel therapeutic treatments that can help manage Parkinsonism and improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72160706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity (PA), its barriers, and the associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Bangladesh.
Methods
This cross-sectional study recruited 215 patients with T2DM who visited the Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences General Hospital from January to December 2019. Their PA level and its barriers were detected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, respectively. The PA levels and their barriers were presented using descriptive statistics. The associated factors of PA were identified using the multinomial logistic regression analysis.
Results
Nearly one third of the study subjects (31.2%) were physically inactive. Among the active subjects (68.8%), more than half were moderately active (46%) and rest (22.8%) were engaged in vigorous PA. In the reported barriers of PA, half of the respondents considered “lack of willpower” as the major barrier followed by “lack of energy” (39.4%) and “lack of time” (36.7%). The associated factors of PA level were the occupational status (employed), monthly income, and the personal barrier “lack of time.”
Conclusion
A significant portion of Bangladeshi patients did not meet the recommended PA and several personal barriers were identified as the contributing factors of this inactivity. It demands intervention to motivate them to increase PA and their commitment to time management. Future research could clarify the current finding more precisely using the objective measurement of PA in a large sample of patients with T2DM.
{"title":"Physical activity levels, its barriers, and associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes residing in the capital city of Bangladesh","authors":"Laila Sadia, Lingkan Barua, Palash Chandra Banik, Mithila Faruque","doi":"10.1002/lim2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.14","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of this study was to determine the level of physical activity (PA), its barriers, and the associated factors among the patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Bangladesh.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study recruited 215 patients with T2DM who visited the Bangladesh Institute of Health Sciences General Hospital from January to December 2019. Their PA level and its barriers were detected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Barriers to Being Active Quiz, respectively. The PA levels and their barriers were presented using descriptive statistics. The associated factors of PA were identified using the multinomial logistic regression analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly one third of the study subjects (31.2%) were physically inactive. Among the active subjects (68.8%), more than half were moderately active (46%) and rest (22.8%) were engaged in vigorous PA. In the reported barriers of PA, half of the respondents considered “lack of willpower” as the major barrier followed by “lack of energy” (39.4%) and “lack of time” (36.7%). The associated factors of PA level were the occupational status (employed), monthly income, and the personal barrier “lack of time.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A significant portion of Bangladeshi patients did not meet the recommended PA and several personal barriers were identified as the contributing factors of this inactivity. It demands intervention to motivate them to increase PA and their commitment to time management. Future research could clarify the current finding more precisely using the objective measurement of PA in a large sample of patients with T2DM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72132363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition defined by widespread body pain and hyperalgesia, lasting over 3 months. Pharmacotherapy is the usual initial management; however, this is frequently insufficient, resulting in persistent symptoms. Tai Chi is considered a meditative movement, combining deep breathing with gentle movements to foster a healthy relationship of body and mind. This research aims to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on pain management in patients with FM, with the aim of producing an educational resource.
Methods
A literature review was conducted on online databases for research papers, using the keywords ‘Fibromyalgia’, ‘Tai Chi’, ‘meditative movement’ and ‘Pain’. The results were critically analysed; research papers that were relevant and carried adequate validity were selected.
Results
Efficacy of Tai Chi compared to aerobic exercise was investigated in one randomized controlled trial (RCT), using the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) to quantify outcomes. FIQR scores improved significantly in the Tai Chi group (P = .03). A supporting meta-analysis suggests that Tai Chi expresses significant positive effects on improving FIQR, whereas another RCT indicates that Tai Chi reduced symptoms and improved quality of life (P = .001).
Conclusions
Overall, research indicates that Tai Chi can significantly improve pain management in FM. However, it fails to consider the challenges of implementing Tai Chi within the community. Currently there is insufficient funding within the National Health Service (NHS), which compromises Tai Chi interventions. Nevertheless, Tai Chi has been shown to empower patients to adopt behaviours that facilitate a bio-psycho-social wellbeing, which improves symptom management. An intervention such as an educational resource may benefit patients with FM by improving access to Tai Chi.
{"title":"Tai Chi as a method of improving pain management in patients with fibromyalgia","authors":"Rebecca Carole Wood","doi":"10.1002/lim2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.13","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain condition defined by widespread body pain and hyperalgesia, lasting over 3 months. Pharmacotherapy is the usual initial management; however, this is frequently insufficient, resulting in persistent symptoms. Tai Chi is considered a meditative movement, combining deep breathing with gentle movements to foster a healthy relationship of body and mind. This research aims to investigate the impact of Tai Chi on pain management in patients with FM, with the aim of producing an educational resource.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A literature review was conducted on online databases for research papers, using the keywords ‘Fibromyalgia’, ‘Tai Chi’, ‘meditative movement’ and ‘Pain’. The results were critically analysed; research papers that were relevant and carried adequate validity were selected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Efficacy of Tai Chi compared to aerobic exercise was investigated in one randomized controlled trial (RCT), using the revised fibromyalgia impact questionnaire (FIQR) to quantify outcomes. FIQR scores improved significantly in the Tai Chi group (<i>P</i> = .03). A supporting meta-analysis suggests that Tai Chi expresses significant positive effects on improving FIQR, whereas another RCT indicates that Tai Chi reduced symptoms and improved quality of life (<i>P</i> = .001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, research indicates that Tai Chi can significantly improve pain management in FM. However, it fails to consider the challenges of implementing Tai Chi within the community. Currently there is insufficient funding within the National Health Service (NHS), which compromises Tai Chi interventions. Nevertheless, Tai Chi has been shown to empower patients to adopt behaviours that facilitate a bio-psycho-social wellbeing, which improves symptom management. An intervention such as an educational resource may benefit patients with FM by improving access to Tai Chi.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72164538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heather Massey, Ngianga Kandala, Candice Davis, Mark Harper, Paul Gorczynski, Hannah Denton
Background
Anecdotal evidence suggests that outdoor swimming can improve mood. This feasibility study examined the mood and well-being in participants attending an outdoor swimming course.
Methods
Profile of Mood States and Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale questionnaires were completed by participants on a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course (61 swimmers) and 22 controls who sat on the beach. Questionnaires were completed before and after three sessions: the first session (pool based), their first outdoor swim (session 4) and their final outdoor swim (session 10).
Results
Swimmers reported acute increases in positive subscales (Esteem and Vigour, P < .001) and reductions in negative subscales (Tension, Anger, Depression, and Confusion and Total Mood Disturbance [TMD], P < .001, d = 1.1–1.7). TMD was also reduced between sessions (P < .001, d = 0.08). Well-being also increased during the course in swimmers (P < .001, d = 3.7) and controls (P = .019, d = 0.2). Greater reductions in TMD (P < .001, d = 0.8–2.5) and increases in well-being were observed in swimmers than controls (P = .034, r = .23).
Conclusions
Novice outdoor swimmers participating in a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course had acute and chronic reductions in negative mood, increases in well-being and acute increases in positive mood. Controls mood scores fluctuated and were similar at the start and end of the course, whereas well-being scores improved by the final session. Tension scores peaked in both swimmers and controls immediately before the first outdoor swim. Nonetheless the swimmers’ improvement in mood and well-being scores was significantly greater than that of the controls. The nature of the study does not provide mechanistic understanding; there are likely to be a number of explanations (physiological, psychological and sociological) for the changes in mood and well-being in swimmers and controls that can be investigated further.
{"title":"Mood and well-being of novice open water swimmers and controls during an introductory outdoor swimming programme: A feasibility study","authors":"Heather Massey, Ngianga Kandala, Candice Davis, Mark Harper, Paul Gorczynski, Hannah Denton","doi":"10.1002/lim2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.12","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anecdotal evidence suggests that outdoor swimming can improve mood. This feasibility study examined the mood and well-being in participants attending an outdoor swimming course.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Profile of Mood States and Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale questionnaires were completed by participants on a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course (61 swimmers) and 22 controls who sat on the beach. Questionnaires were completed before and after three sessions: the first session (pool based), their first outdoor swim (session 4) and their final outdoor swim (session 10).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Swimmers reported acute increases in positive subscales (Esteem and Vigour, <i>P </i>< .001) and reductions in negative subscales (Tension, Anger, Depression, and Confusion and Total Mood Disturbance [TMD], <i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 1.1–1.7). TMD was also reduced between sessions (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 0.08). Well-being also increased during the course in swimmers (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 3.7) and controls (<i>P </i>= .019, <i>d </i>= 0.2). Greater reductions in TMD (<i>P </i>< .001, <i>d </i>= 0.8–2.5) and increases in well-being were observed in swimmers than controls (<i>P </i>= .034, <i>r </i>= .23).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novice outdoor swimmers participating in a 10-week introductory outdoor swimming course had acute and chronic reductions in negative mood, increases in well-being and acute increases in positive mood. Controls mood scores fluctuated and were similar at the start and end of the course, whereas well-being scores improved by the final session. Tension scores peaked in both swimmers and controls immediately before the first outdoor swim. Nonetheless the swimmers’ improvement in mood and well-being scores was significantly greater than that of the controls. The nature of the study does not provide mechanistic understanding; there are likely to be a number of explanations (physiological, psychological and sociological) for the changes in mood and well-being in swimmers and controls that can be investigated further.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72146821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Jacob, Josep Maria Haro, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi
Introduction
In the past years, there has been a controversy regarding the potential association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between IQ and obesity in England using nationally representative community-based data.
Methods
This study used data from people who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test. Obesity was based on self-reported weight and height and defined as a body mass index higher or equal to 30 kg/m2. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between IQ and obesity, while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, qualification, employment, income, chronic physical conditions, loneliness, social support, stressful life events, smoking status, alcohol dependence, drug use, and common mental disorders.
Results
There were 6798 individuals aged ≥16 years included in the present study. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to IQ scores of 120-129, IQ scores of 110-119 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16), 100-109 (OR = 1.35), 90-99 (OR = 1.26), 80-89 (OR = 1.68), and 70-79 (OR = 1.72) were associated with increased odds for obesity. Furthermore, a 10-point decrease in IQ was associated with a 1.10-fold increase in the odds for obesity.
Conclusions
There was a negative association between IQ and obesity in the UK population. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this relationship.
1医学院，凡尔赛大学圣昆廷-恩伊韦林斯，蒙蒂尼-勒布雷顿瑙，法国2研究和发展股，Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu，巴塞罗那大学，巴塞罗那，西班牙3卡洛斯三世健康研究所，心理健康网络生物医学研究中心，马德里，西班牙4剑桥锻炼科学中心，安格利亚-罗斯金大学，剑桥，英国5 ICREA，巴塞罗那，西班牙
{"title":"Association between intelligence quotient and obesity in England","authors":"Louis Jacob, Josep Maria Haro, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi","doi":"10.1002/lim2.11","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.11","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the past years, there has been a controversy regarding the potential association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and obesity. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between IQ and obesity in England using nationally representative community-based data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used data from people who participated in the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test. Obesity was based on self-reported weight and height and defined as a body mass index higher or equal to 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between IQ and obesity, while adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, marital status, qualification, employment, income, chronic physical conditions, loneliness, social support, stressful life events, smoking status, alcohol dependence, drug use, and common mental disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 6798 individuals aged ≥16 years included in the present study. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared to IQ scores of 120-129, IQ scores of 110-119 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16), 100-109 (OR = 1.35), 90-99 (OR = 1.26), 80-89 (OR = 1.68), and 70-79 (OR = 1.72) were associated with increased odds for obesity. Furthermore, a 10-point decrease in IQ was associated with a 1.10-fold increase in the odds for obesity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a negative association between IQ and obesity in the UK population. Further research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in this relationship.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43447018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah Regeer, Sasja D. Huisman, Pepijn van Empelen, Jeroen Flim, Henk J. G. Bilo
Introduction
Despite the positive outcomes of physical activity (PA) interventions on health and PA behavior in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it proves rather difficult to structurally implement such interventions in daily diabetes care. The National Diabetes Challenge (NDC) was designed as a low-intensity and low-cost annual walking intervention for people with T2DM, with the aim to overcome potential barriers in intervention delivery. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this approach.
Methods
This feasibility study had a pre/posttest design. First, we assessed acceptability and feasibility by means of posttest process evaluations among participants and healthcare providers. Second, to examine preliminary efficacy we studied emotional well-being and patient activation among 822 participants with T2DM, and number of daily steps and somatic health outcomes in a subgroup of 189 participants with T2DM. These data were analyzed using paired-samples t-tests.
Results
The intervention was generally well-received by both the participants and healthcare providers, people reporting satisfaction and perceived benefits. The results show improved glycemic control in participants with above target baseline HbA1c, improved patient activation in participants with lower activation at baseline, and decrease of body weight and improved emotional well-being in all participants. Furthermore, the number of daily steps taken increased during the intervention.
Conclusions
This feasibility study did show acceptability and generally good feasibility with regard to implementation, and provides initial evidence for the effectiveness of a group-based walking intervention with weekly group supervision, with improved behavioral, somatic and psychological outcomes in people with T2DM. Our findings highlight the potential of a low-intensity group-based walking intervention in increasing PA behavior in people with T2DM, while also taking into account common barriers regarding structural implementation in diabetes care. The study provides support for a more rigorous testing of the NDC program.
{"title":"Improving physical activity within diabetes care: Preliminary effects and feasibility of a national low-intensity group-based walking intervention among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Hannah Regeer, Sasja D. Huisman, Pepijn van Empelen, Jeroen Flim, Henk J. G. Bilo","doi":"10.1002/lim2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.10","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite the positive outcomes of physical activity (PA) interventions on health and PA behavior in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it proves rather difficult to structurally implement such interventions in daily diabetes care. The National Diabetes Challenge (NDC) was designed as a low-intensity and low-cost annual walking intervention for people with T2DM, with the aim to overcome potential barriers in intervention delivery. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This feasibility study had a pre/posttest design. First, we assessed acceptability and feasibility by means of posttest process evaluations among participants and healthcare providers. Second, to examine preliminary efficacy we studied emotional well-being and patient activation among 822 participants with T2DM, and number of daily steps and somatic health outcomes in a subgroup of 189 participants with T2DM. These data were analyzed using paired-samples <i>t</i>-tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intervention was generally well-received by both the participants and healthcare providers, people reporting satisfaction and perceived benefits. The results show improved glycemic control in participants with above target baseline HbA1c, improved patient activation in participants with lower activation at baseline, and decrease of body weight and improved emotional well-being in all participants. Furthermore, the number of daily steps taken increased during the intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This feasibility study did show acceptability and generally good feasibility with regard to implementation, and provides initial evidence for the effectiveness of a group-based walking intervention with weekly group supervision, with improved behavioral, somatic and psychological outcomes in people with T2DM. Our findings highlight the potential of a low-intensity group-based walking intervention in increasing PA behavior in people with T2DM, while also taking into account common barriers regarding structural implementation in diabetes care. The study provides support for a more rigorous testing of the NDC program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72158410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although the practice of strengthening the immune system may not guarantee that people will not contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), there is evidence that suggests that the likelihood and severity of many viral infections can be considerably reduced if appropriate measures are taken to increase the efficacy of the immune response to invading organisms. Evidence‐based public health measures to reduce viral spread include—personal isolation, physical distancing, wearing facial masks, frequent hand washing with soap and running water, not touching the face, vaccination, etc. However once infected, recovery relies on host immunity to eradicate the foreign invaders, with symptomatic management, which is the core management strategy in COVID‐19 management guidelines. Researchers have observed that severe COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality is highest in people with preexisting conditions. Eighty percent of these preexisting diseases are lifestyle related. Also, the science of strengthening the immune system by adopting appropriate lifestyle changes is still evolving, especially among the suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 cases. This article briefly highlights the immune response to viral infections including COVID‐19 and refers to evidence that healthy lifestyle practices, enshrined as core aspects of lifestyle medicine, can strengthen the immune response to infections. This may improve outcome in COVID‐19. We therefore recommend specific evidence‐based lifestyle intervention measures that should be considered in the management of COVID‐19.
{"title":"Strengthening immunity through healthy lifestyle practices: Recommendations for lifestyle interventions in the management of COVID-19","authors":"Ifeoma Monye MBBS, DFFP, DRCOG, DCH, Dip IBLM/BSLM, MRCGP, FRCGP, Abiodun Bamidele Adelowo MBBS, MPH, MSc, DHSEM, PGD HEM, PGD LSM, Dip IBLM, PhD","doi":"10.1002/lim2.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the practice of strengthening the immune system may not guarantee that people will not contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), there is evidence that suggests that the likelihood and severity of many viral infections can be considerably reduced if appropriate measures are taken to increase the efficacy of the immune response to invading organisms. Evidence‐based public health measures to reduce viral spread include—personal isolation, physical distancing, wearing facial masks, frequent hand washing with soap and running water, not touching the face, vaccination, etc. However once infected, recovery relies on host immunity to eradicate the foreign invaders, with symptomatic management, which is the core management strategy in COVID‐19 management guidelines. Researchers have observed that severe COVID‐19 prevalence and mortality is highest in people with preexisting conditions. Eighty percent of these preexisting diseases are lifestyle related. Also, the science of strengthening the immune system by adopting appropriate lifestyle changes is still evolving, especially among the suspected and confirmed COVID‐19 cases. This article briefly highlights the immune response to viral infections including COVID‐19 and refers to evidence that healthy lifestyle practices, enshrined as core aspects of lifestyle medicine, can strengthen the immune response to infections. This may improve outcome in COVID‐19. We therefore recommend specific evidence‐based lifestyle intervention measures that should be considered in the management of COVID‐19.","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44593915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating condition and associated with significant morbidity, including gait disturbances, reduced quality of life, and pain, that is often resistant to conventional treatments. Treatment of DPN is based on several major approaches, including risk factor management, intensive glycemic control, and symptomatic pain management. Although some authors argue that none of the existing treatment options are satisfactory, an alternative strategy is frequently overlooked: the use of a whole-food, plant-based diet. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate whether a whole-food, plant-based diet could beneficially affect patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and DPN.
Methods
The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords “plant-based,” “vegetarian,” “vegan,” “diet,” and “diabetic neuropathy.”
Results
Only a handful of studies investigated the effects of a plant-based diet on diabetic neuropathy. These studies suggest that a plant-based diet may alleviate pain in affected patients while significantly improving glycemic control, overweight, and serum lipids at the same time. Moreover, a plant-based diet appears to reduce the medication burden in affected patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, because the number of clinical trials is limited and all studies have important limitations with regard to their methodology. The dietary intervention was often combined with exercise and other supplemental factors, complicating the interpretation of results. Several potential mechanisms of action including improved blood flow and optimized intake of important nutrients were identified. These factors might complementarily contribute to improved perfusion in the endoneurial microvasculature, thus reducing local hypoxia and improving pain.
Conclusion
Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to patients suffering from DPN, as current studies show favorable effects in terms of pain management, glycemic control, and reduced medication needs. Further well-designed studies are required to confirm the results of this review.
{"title":"Plant-based diets and diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review","authors":"Maximilian Andreas Storz, Onno Küster","doi":"10.1002/lim2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating condition and associated with significant morbidity, including gait disturbances, reduced quality of life, and pain, that is often resistant to conventional treatments. Treatment of DPN is based on several major approaches, including risk factor management, intensive glycemic control, and symptomatic pain management. Although some authors argue that none of the existing treatment options are satisfactory, an alternative strategy is frequently overlooked: the use of a whole-food, plant-based diet. The aim of this review was to systematically investigate whether a whole-food, plant-based diet could beneficially affect patients suffering from type 2 diabetes and DPN.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using the keywords “plant-based,” “vegetarian,” “vegan,” “diet,” and “diabetic neuropathy.”</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Only a handful of studies investigated the effects of a plant-based diet on diabetic neuropathy. These studies suggest that a plant-based diet may alleviate pain in affected patients while significantly improving glycemic control, overweight, and serum lipids at the same time. Moreover, a plant-based diet appears to reduce the medication burden in affected patients. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, because the number of clinical trials is limited and all studies have important limitations with regard to their methodology. The dietary intervention was often combined with exercise and other supplemental factors, complicating the interpretation of results. Several potential mechanisms of action including improved blood flow and optimized intake of important nutrients were identified. These factors might complementarily contribute to improved perfusion in the endoneurial microvasculature, thus reducing local hypoxia and improving pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physicians should consider recommending a plant-based diet to patients suffering from DPN, as current studies show favorable effects in terms of pain management, glycemic control, and reduced medication needs. Further well-designed studies are required to confirm the results of this review.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72170855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Shahina Pardhan, Peter Allen, Lin Yang, Igor Grabovac, Jae Il Shin, Mark A. Tully, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez
Introduction
Obesity has been associated with poor vascular health, but not in a Spanish population. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate associations between obesity and cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing in a large representative sample of the Spanish adult population.
Methods
Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Ocular health included three dichotomous variables (presence vs absence): self-reported cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess associations between obesity (independent variable) and ocular health outcomes (dependent variables). Covariates included in the analysis were sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes.
Results
A total of 23 089 participants were included (54.1% female; mean [SD] age = 53.4 [18.9] years). After adjusting for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and wearing glasses or contact lenses (for the trouble seeing analysis only), obesity was found to be a risk factor for cataract (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.37) and trouble seeing (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32) but not for wearing glasses or contact lenses (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08). These findings were corroborated in participants ≥64 years.
Conclusions
In this large representative sample of Spanish adults, we found that obesity was a risk factor for cataract and trouble seeing. Lifestyle interventions aiming at the reduction of obesity in this population may indirectly improve ocular health. Such lifestyle interventions are important to implement considering the rising trend of obesity in Spain.
{"title":"Associations between obesity and ocular health in Spanish adults","authors":"Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Ai Koyanagi, Shahina Pardhan, Peter Allen, Lin Yang, Igor Grabovac, Jae Il Shin, Mark A. Tully, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez","doi":"10.1002/lim2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Obesity has been associated with poor vascular health, but not in a Spanish population. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate associations between obesity and cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing in a large representative sample of the Spanish adult population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Ocular health included three dichotomous variables (presence vs absence): self-reported cataract, wearing glasses or contact lenses, and trouble seeing. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess associations between obesity (independent variable) and ocular health outcomes (dependent variables). Covariates included in the analysis were sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, and diabetes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 23 089 participants were included (54.1% female; mean [SD] age = 53.4 [18.9] years). After adjusting for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and wearing glasses or contact lenses (for the trouble seeing analysis only), obesity was found to be a risk factor for cataract (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.37) and trouble seeing (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.32) but not for wearing glasses or contact lenses (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91-1.08). These findings were corroborated in participants ≥64 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this large representative sample of Spanish adults, we found that obesity was a risk factor for cataract and trouble seeing. Lifestyle interventions aiming at the reduction of obesity in this population may indirectly improve ocular health. Such lifestyle interventions are important to implement considering the rising trend of obesity in Spain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72170712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter C. Elwood PhD, Marcus Longley PhD, Giles Greene PhD, Gareth Morgan PhD, John Watkins PhD, Janet Pickering BA (Hons), Angela Watkins BA (Hons), Majd Protty MBCHB (Hons), Antony Bayer PhD, John Gallacher PhD
Behaviors which are associated with the preservation of health include nonsmoking, regular exercise, a low body weight, a healthy diet, and a low alcohol intake. Together, as a healthy lifestyle, these have been shown to be associated with marked protection against a wide range of diseases: diabetes, vascular disease, cancer, and dementia. On the other hand, the protection associated with statins and aspirin, the two most commonly used preventive drugs, is limited to vascular disease and, probably for aspirin, cancer.
These are not alternative prophylactics and any two, or all three—a healthy lifestyle, a statin, and aspirin—can reasonably be taken together.
Only a small proportion of the members of the community follow a healthy lifestyle. Yet a small increase in the uptake of the healthy behaviors throughout the community can be shown to have relatively large effects on the incidence of disease.
There is therefore an urgent need for health promotion activities across the whole community to be greatly increased and for new challenging and encouraging strategies to be devised and tested.
{"title":"Better than any pill—and no side effects! Healthy lifestyles, statins, and aspirin","authors":"Peter C. Elwood PhD, Marcus Longley PhD, Giles Greene PhD, Gareth Morgan PhD, John Watkins PhD, Janet Pickering BA (Hons), Angela Watkins BA (Hons), Majd Protty MBCHB (Hons), Antony Bayer PhD, John Gallacher PhD","doi":"10.1002/lim2.4","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lim2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behaviors which are associated with the preservation of health include nonsmoking, regular exercise, a low body weight, a healthy diet, and a low alcohol intake. Together, as a healthy lifestyle, these have been shown to be associated with marked protection against a wide range of diseases: diabetes, vascular disease, cancer, and dementia. On the other hand, the protection associated with statins and aspirin, the two most commonly used preventive drugs, is limited to vascular disease and, probably for aspirin, cancer.</p><p>These are not alternative prophylactics and any two, or all three—a healthy lifestyle, a statin, and aspirin—can reasonably be taken together.</p><p>Only a small proportion of the members of the community follow a healthy lifestyle. Yet a small increase in the uptake of the healthy behaviors throughout the community can be shown to have relatively large effects on the incidence of disease.</p><p>There is therefore an urgent need for health promotion activities across the whole community to be greatly increased and for new challenging and encouraging strategies to be devised and tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":74076,"journal":{"name":"Lifestyle medicine (Hoboken, N.J.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/lim2.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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