microPublication biology最新文献

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a minimally invasive window into systemic biology and immune dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed quantitative proteomic profiling of PBMCs from male and female AD patients and controls to assess sex differences. AD was associated with proteomic remodeling, with complement activation, coagulation, and neuronal signaling enriched in males, whereas females showed increased steroid hormone secretion, lipid metabolism, and acute-phase response with reduced translation and DNA maintenance. Despite distinct patterns, both sexes exhibited immune and hemostatic activation, underscoring shared systemic mechanisms and the need for sex-specific biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in AD.

Caenorhabditis elegans respond to mechanosensory taps with brief reversal responses. In past research, speed of the response was averaged over the entire reversal for each tap to analyze reversal speed habituation; however, with this measure, only a modest decrement in speed was observed. Using a more detailed breakdown of reversal speed, we found that speed is most plastic early in the reversal and stable later on. Using this analysis, we found that worms with mutations in neuropeptide genes show reduced speed plasticity during the first second of reversals, indicating peptidergic signaling may be involved in reversal speed plasticity.

Two newly discovered phages, BlueShadow and Schaffner, were isolated from soil in Bismarck, ND using the host Arthrobacter globiformis B-2979 . Based on gene content similarity, BlueShadow is assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster AY, while Schaffner is assigned to cluster AZ1. Both phages encode a putative integrase that is conserved within their respective clusters, implying a temperate lifestyle.

Carboxypeptidase D has been thought to process neuropeptides, though its role has not been fully characterized. Since specific neuropeptides regulate the defecation motor program of C. elegans , we used genetic analysis to determine how loss of the worm carboxypeptidase D ortholog CPD-1 affects defecation. We found that cpd-1 mutants do not have defecation defects but enhance the defecation defects of egl-21 mutants lacking carboxypeptidase E, a major neuropeptide processing enzyme. We also found that CPD-1 acts in intestinal cells and possibly GABAergic neurons to promote defecation. These results suggest that CPD-1 can process neuropeptides, specifically in the absence of EGL-21 .

Secreted proteins, R-Spondin 1 (RSPO1) and R-Spondin 3 (RSPO3), potentiate WNT/β-catenin signaling that play critical roles in reproductive organ development. However, the functional significance of RSPO1 and RSPO3 in Wolffian duct development remains undefined. In this report, we demonstrated their specific expression in the Wolffian duct mesenchyme during sexual differentiation. We generated individual conditional knockouts using Osr2-Cre that deleted Rspo1 or Rspo3 in the Wolffian duct mesenchyme. Wolffian duct maintenance and morphogenesis was unaffected in either Rspo1 or Rspo3 conditional knockout mice. Our results indicate that mesenchymal Rspo1 or Rspo3 is dispensable for Wolffian duct development in mice.

We isolated and annotated a novel bacteriophage, RedRaider, on Gordonia terrae 3612. Annotation revealed genome features typical of cluster CR3 phages with the putative lysin A function encoded in two gene products, a protease C39 domain and a glycosyl hydrolase domain, and lysin B encoded distally in the left arm of the genome.

　 Enterococcus faecium T-110 (EFT110), Bacillus subtilis TO-A (BSTOA), and Clostridium butyricum TO-A (CBTOA) are probiotic bacteria used as supplements to improve intestinal symptoms in humans, chickens, pigs, cattle, and fish. However, their effects on hosts remain unclear. Our previous study showed that EFT110, BSTOA, and CBTOA extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans . In this study, we investigated the effects of these three strains on fat accumulation in nematodes; and observed that each bacterium significantly reduced fat accumulation by regulating gene expression in lipid metabolic pathways.

Actinobacteriophage LilTerminator was isolated from soil collected from Jekyll Island, Georgia, using Microbacterium foliorum NRRL B-24224 as the host. The genome of this phage is 39,963 bp, circularly permuted, and contains 62 predicted genes, including one tRNA gene. Based on gene content similarity of at least 35% to actinobacteriophages, LilTerminator is grouped into subcluster EA5.

We report the isolation and genomic sequencing of nine Actinomycetota obtained from both cave biofilms and trogloxenic Ceuthophilus (cave crickets). Strains were isolated from samples via actinomycetota-selective media and sequenced using nanopore sequencing. Provisional taxonomic inference of strains was performed by whole genome phylogenetic analysis, revealing a broad range of genera, with most strains clustering with known genera with digital DNA-DNA hybridization values less than 70%, and one strain not clustering with known genera. An analysis of secondary metabolism reveals the quantity and diversity of secondary metabolism in cave Actinomycetota.

During endocardial infections, viridans group streptococci use proteins containing siglec-like binding regions to engage sialic acid-capped O- GalNAc glycans on platelet glycoprotein GPIbα. Much past work used isolated di-, tri-, or tetrasaccharide partial ligands to interrogate this sialoglycan binding. Here, we report the 1.9 Å resolution crystal structure of the Streptococcus gordonii strain M99 siglec-like binding region bound to an L-serine-linked sialyl T antigen (sTa) trisaccharide. The structure demonstrates how trisaccharide extensions are accommodated, with implications for binding larger sialoglycan ligands.