Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

We reviewed usage of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in otolaryngology. The literature search in this narrative review used Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, Proquest Central, Proquest Central, Web of Science and Scopus at Kırıkkale University. We searched for "Nanomaterials," "nanotechnology," "otolaryngology," "rhinology," "laryngology," "head and neck," and "otology" between 2020 and 2025. Clinical trials, retrospective studies, reviews and experimental studies were included into this paper. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to transform medical care. NPs can bypass traditional therapeutic barriers because of their small size. Potential applications of nanoparticles include drug delivery and cell-to-cell communication. In rhinology, Amphotericin B was delivered using gelatine nanoparticles without significant nephrotoxicity or hematological side effects. In cases ranging from obvious vascular bleeding to cerebral hemorrhage, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide formed a nanofiber barrier that achieved rapid and complete hemostasis. In medical nanotechnology, cancer theranostics is currently a leading field. In otology, nanotechnology is used for the cochlear implant. Creating nanofibrous scaffolds with synthetic, biomimetic extracellular matrix analogs holds great promise for regenerative medicine. Advantages of nanotechnology over conventional methods are targeted delivery, reduced side effects, biosafety and scalable production in the fields of rhinology, laryngology, head & neck, and otology.

Although breast cancer treatments have improved, challenges like tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance remain. RNA interference (RNAi), especially through small interfering RNA (siRNA), is a promising strategy to silence specific genes and improve clinical outcomes. However, the clinical translation of siRNA has been limited by barriers related to stability, biodistribution, cellular uptake, among others. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as transformative platforms to address these limitations, enhancing siRNA protection, targeting, and intracellular release. This review discusses the major breakthroughs in nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery for breast cancer treatment, focusing on how innovations in nanocarrier design have enhanced siRNA stability, targeting, and therapeutic efficacy. We highlight key characteristics in RNA interference mechanisms, the evolution of computational tools for optimizing siRNA design, and the approval of RNAi-based therapies that laid the foundation for oncologic applications. Special emphasis is given to the development of lipid, polymeric, and inorganic nanoparticles engineered for efficient siRNA delivery, their role in overcoming drug resistance when combined with conventional therapies, and the current progress of clinical trials against solid tumors. By integrating nanotechnology and RNAi, these breakthroughs offer new opportunities for precise, durable, and personalized strategies in breast cancer treatment, with the potential to transform the current therapeutic landscape.

Aims: This study aims to develop biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with tryptophan (Trp) and isatin (Isa), two biologically active molecules with known blood-brain barrier permeability and anticancer activity. The primary objective was to evaluate the potential of these functionalized MNPs for glioblastoma therapy.

Methods: Trp and Isa were conjugated onto MNPs, and the resulting nanomaterials were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS, and DLS. The U-87 human glioblastoma cell line was used to investigate cellular uptake, cytotoxicity (MTT assay), and radiosensitizing effects. Additional molecular insights were obtained through STRING-based network analysis.

Results: The synthesized MNPs exhibited spherical morphology with a uniform size of approximately 100-110 nm. No significant cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations up to 10 µg/mL under standard culture conditions. However, a 70% reduction in cell viability was achieved following radiotherapy when cells were pretreated with Trp-Isa functionalized MNPs. STRING analysis revealed that Trp and Isa are involved in molecular pathways associated with glioblastoma.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that Trp and Isa functionalized MNPs hold promise as a targeted and radiosensitizing nanoplatform for glioblastoma treatment. The approach also highlights broader potential for such engineered nanoparticles in the field of nanomedicine.

The field of nanoultrasonics technology has emerged as a promising avenue for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer, a disease characterized by high mortality rates and complex management challenges. Recent studies highlight the potential of this innovative technology in improving early detection rates and enabling precision therapies, which are crucial for better patient outcomes. Despite these advancements, several issues persist within the realm of clinical application, particularly concerning medical ethics and hospital management practices. This review aims to synthesize the latest research developments in nanoultrasonics technology, focusing on its benefits in liver cancer diagnostics and treatment. Additionally, it will explore the ethical considerations and administrative challenges that arise during its implementation in clinical settings. By addressing these aspects, the review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and offer guidance for the standardized application of this technology in the future, ultimately contributing to improved patient care in liver cancer management.

Background: Systemically administered nanoparticles (NPs) designed for biomedical applications are retained in liver and spleen where they become rapidly phagocyted by tissue macrophages leading to inflammation.

Methods: To gain insight into the NP-immune cell interaction in liver spleen and lungs, we followed the distribution of molybdenum nanoparticles (MoNPs) in vivo by X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging (XRF) and examined the NP-macrophage interaction and physiological response in these organs.

Results: XRF imaging showed that intravenously administered MoNPs transiently accumulate in lungs, liver, and spleen. This leads to increments in the number of Kupffer cells (KC), natural killer (NK) cells, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Macrophage phenotype switched from pro- to an anti-inflammatory. In parallel genes with immunoregulatory and cytoprotective functions were expressed to maintain homeostasis. Nanoparticle uptake in spleen was operated by CD169/Siglec1 splenic macrophages indicating initiation of a secondary immune response. Silica coating reduced nanoparticle toxicity.

Conclusion: The innate immunoresponse to NP uptake in liver and spleen is similar to viral or bacterial infections in these organs. A possible secondary immunoresponse to NPs can be primed in spleen aided by CD169/Siglec1 splenic macrophages. Silica coating of metal NPs tunes down this response.