Nanomedicine (London, England)最新文献

Aims: Stimuli-responsive polymersomes are promising tools for protein-based therapies, but require deeper understanding and optimization of their pathology-responsive behavior. Materials & methods: Hyaluronic acid (HA)-poly(b-lactic acid) (PLA) polymersomes self-assembled from block copolymers of varying molecular weights of HA were compared for their physical properties, degradation and intracellular behavior. Results: Major results showed increasing enzyme-responsivity associated with decreasing molecular weight. The major formulation differences were as follows: the HA(5 kDa)-PLA formulation exhibited the most pronounced release of encapsulated proteins, while the HA(7 kDa)-PLA formulation showed the most different release behavior from neutral. Conclusion: We have discovered design rules for HA-PLA polymersomes for protein delivery, with lower molecular weight leading to higher encapsulation efficiency, greater release and greater intracellular uptake.

Aim: This report proposes using the Hill model to assess the benchmark dose, the 50% lethal dose, the cooperativity and the dissociation constant while analyzing cell viability data using nanomaterials to evaluate the antitumor potential while combined with radiofrequency therapy. Materials & methods: A nanocomposite was synthesized (graphene oxide-polyethyleneimine-gold) and the viability was evaluated using two tumor cell lines, namely LLC-WRC-256 and B16-F10. Results: Our findings demonstrated that while the nanocomposite is biocompatible against the LLC-WRC-256 and B16-F10 cancer cell lines in the absence of radiofrequency, the application of radiofrequency enhances the cell toxicity by orders of magnitude. Conclusion: This result points to prospective studies with the tested cell lines using tumor animal models.

Aim: FeT is a complex of Fe³⁺, ferricyanide and tartrate, similar in structure to Prussian Blue. Its synthesis was planned to produce a potential antiproliferative drug. Methods: Dynamic light scattering was applied to study nanostructures formed by FeT complexes, while their biological activity was tested following changes in cell proliferation using cultured T24 human bladder cancer cells. Results: The antiproliferative activity of FeT derived from its ability to peroxidate unsaturated fatty acids, which can cause cell death through oxidative stress and/or ferroptosis. FeT molecules associate into drop-like nanostructures in water solutions, between 10-130 nm, which can bind albumin. Conclusion: Fatty acid peroxidation is significantly activated by light. The characteristics and reactivity of FeT represent a prospective application in medicine.

Background: Superparamagnetic iron core iron oxide shell nanocubes have previously shown superior performance in magnetic resonance imaging T2 contrast enhancement compared with spherical nanoparticles. Methods: Iron core iron oxide shell nanocubes were synthesized, stabilized with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA-NC) and physicochemically characterized. MRI contrast enhancement and biocompatibility were assessed in vitro. Results: DMSA-NC showed a transverse relaxivity of 122.59 mM^-1·s^-1 Fe. Treatment with DMSA-NC did not induce cytotoxicity or oxidative stress in U-251 cells, and electron microscopy demonstrated DMSA-NC localization within endosomes and lysosomes in cells following internalization. Global proteomics revealed dysregulation of iron storage, transport, transcription and mRNA processing proteins. Conclusion: DMSA-NC is a promising T2 MRI contrast agent which, in this preliminary investigation, demonstrates favorable biocompatibility with an astrocyte cell model.

Kidney transplantation is a crucial treatment option for end-stage renal disease patients, but challenges related to graft function, rejection and immunosuppressant side effects persist. This review highlights the potential of nanotechnology in addressing these challenges. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to enhance organ preservation, evaluate graft function, mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve drug delivery for immunosuppressants. The integration of nanotechnology holds promise for improving outcomes in kidney transplantation.

Aim: The present research focused on development and optimization of ligand decorated theranostic nanocarrier encapsulating paclitaxel and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Methods: CQDs were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis and were characterized for particle size and fluorescence behavior. Ligand decorated zein nanoparticles, coloaded with paclitaxel and CQDs, were formulated using a one-step nanoprecipitation method and optimized for various process parameters. Results: Particle size for coated and uncoated nanoparticles was 90.16 ± 1.65 and 179.26 ± 3.61 nm, respectively, and entrapment efficiency was >80%. The circular dichroism spectroscopy showed zein retained its secondary structure and release study showed biphasic release behavior. Conclusion: The prepared theranostic nanocarrier showed optimal fluorescence and desired release behavior without altering the secondary structure of zein.

Aim: To find a practical biomonitoring method for researchers exposed to nanoparticles causing oxidative stress. Methods: In a continuation of a study in 2016-2018, biological samples (plasma, urine and exhaled breath condensate [EBC]) were collected in 2019-2020 from 43 researchers (13.8 ± 3.0 years of exposure) and 45 controls. Antioxidant status was assessed using glutathione (GSH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power, while oxidative stress was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, all using spectrophotometric methods. Researchers' personal nanoparticle exposure was monitored. Results: Plasma GSH was elevated in researchers both before and after exposure (p < 0.01); postexposure plasma GSH correlated with nanoparticle exposure, and GSH in EBC increased. Conclusion: The results suggest adaptation to chronic exposure to nanoparticles, as monitored by plasma and EBC GSH.

The global threat posed by antimicrobial resistance demands urgent action and the development of effective drugs. Lower respiratory tract infections remain the deadliest communicable disease worldwide, often challenging to treat due to the presence of bacteria that form recalcitrant biofilms. There is consensus that novel anti-infectives with reduced resistance compared with conventional antibiotics are needed, leading to extensive research on innovative antibacterial agents. This review explores the recent progress in lipid-based nanomedicines developed to counteract bacterial respiratory infections, especially those involving biofilm growth; focuses on improved drug bioavailability and targeting and highlights novel strategies to enhance treatment efficacy while emphasizing the importance of continued research in this dynamic field.