Pub Date : 2025-09-08DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00488-0
Carolyn Quam, Teresa Roberts
Deficit-based narratives in social science use privileged identities as a reference, perpetuating societal biases that marginalize diverse communities. Researchers can promote a shift away from deficit-based narratives and support the development of generalizable social-science theories by writing inclusively. Deficit-based narratives in social science use privileged identities as a reference, perpetuating societal biases that marginalize diverse communities. Researchers can promote a shift away from deficit-based narratives and support development of generalizable social-science theories by writing inclusively.
{"title":"Inclusive writing in the social sciences","authors":"Carolyn Quam, Teresa Roberts","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00488-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00488-0","url":null,"abstract":"Deficit-based narratives in social science use privileged identities as a reference, perpetuating societal biases that marginalize diverse communities. Researchers can promote a shift away from deficit-based narratives and support the development of generalizable social-science theories by writing inclusively. Deficit-based narratives in social science use privileged identities as a reference, perpetuating societal biases that marginalize diverse communities. Researchers can promote a shift away from deficit-based narratives and support development of generalizable social-science theories by writing inclusively.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"618-620"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00490-6
Andrea Gregor de Varda
{"title":"Learning meaning from latent patterns in language use","authors":"Andrea Gregor de Varda","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00490-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00490-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"623-623"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00487-1
Psychologists have embraced efforts to make science more reproducible, transparent and accessible. However, psychology can continue to learn from other fields and sub-fields to broaden the open science movement.
{"title":"Evolving perspectives on open science","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00487-1","url":null,"abstract":"Psychologists have embraced efforts to make science more reproducible, transparent and accessible. However, psychology can continue to learn from other fields and sub-fields to broaden the open science movement.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 9","pages":"553-553"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-025-00487-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00484-4
Stefanie L. Sequeira, Alexandra M. Rodman, Jacqueline Nesi, Jennifer S. Silk
High sensitivity to social feedback is normative during adolescence, and hyper-responsiveness to social threat (real or perceived threat to one’s social status, social connection, social identity and interpersonal security) has been linked to an increased risk for anxiety and depression during adolescence. However, studies ascribe varied definitions to social threat, hindering understanding of how and why social threat might be implicated in these disorders. In this Review, we build on existing theoretical and empirical accounts to present an integrated conceptualization of adolescent social threat. We use this conceptualization to provide an overview of key behavioural, emotional and cognitive mechanisms that might link social threat to risk for anxiety and depression in youth. We specifically discuss how adolescents’ use of digital technology and social media might amplify social threat and the mechanisms linking it to anxiety and depressive symptoms. We conclude with recommendations for improving research on adolescent social threat, particularly in digital environments, which might help advance a more nuanced understanding of the impact of social media on adolescent mental health and inform policy and intervention. Social relationships during adolescence, including relationships via social media, are fundamental to identity formation and well-being. In this Review, Sequeira et al. describe the behavioural, emotional and cognitive mechanisms linked to threats to social status, identity, connections and interpersonal security that can negatively influence adolescents’ mental health.
{"title":"Social threat and adolescent mental health","authors":"Stefanie L. Sequeira, Alexandra M. Rodman, Jacqueline Nesi, Jennifer S. Silk","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00484-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00484-4","url":null,"abstract":"High sensitivity to social feedback is normative during adolescence, and hyper-responsiveness to social threat (real or perceived threat to one’s social status, social connection, social identity and interpersonal security) has been linked to an increased risk for anxiety and depression during adolescence. However, studies ascribe varied definitions to social threat, hindering understanding of how and why social threat might be implicated in these disorders. In this Review, we build on existing theoretical and empirical accounts to present an integrated conceptualization of adolescent social threat. We use this conceptualization to provide an overview of key behavioural, emotional and cognitive mechanisms that might link social threat to risk for anxiety and depression in youth. We specifically discuss how adolescents’ use of digital technology and social media might amplify social threat and the mechanisms linking it to anxiety and depressive symptoms. We conclude with recommendations for improving research on adolescent social threat, particularly in digital environments, which might help advance a more nuanced understanding of the impact of social media on adolescent mental health and inform policy and intervention. Social relationships during adolescence, including relationships via social media, are fundamental to identity formation and well-being. In this Review, Sequeira et al. describe the behavioural, emotional and cognitive mechanisms linked to threats to social status, identity, connections and interpersonal security that can negatively influence adolescents’ mental health.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"639-653"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00483-5
Michael W. Kraus, Daniel J. Sanji, Megan E. Burns, Aline da Silva Frost, Iseul Cha-Ju, A. Chyei Vinluan, LaStarr Hollie, Cydney H. Dupree
Inequality is a defining challenge of societies across history, and psychology research can support understanding of its persistence and impacts. In this Perspective, we advance scholarship by understanding inequality in terms of psychology’s function in producing structures of domination or promoting resistance to those structures, rather than situating inequality as caused by deficits in individual behaviour and psychology. We review scholarship on domination and resistance that highlights the utility of this functional lens, as well as its potential to advance understanding of inequality. We then provide four steps that researchers can take to study inequality from a functional lens: questioning causal assumptions of existing psychological models that focus on deficit-based mental states; studying impacts of inequality rather than intentions of actors in unequal settings; embracing immersive methods and practices that engage with the complexity of structural inequality; and applying research that uses cross-level analytic techniques to examine relationships between individual psychology and societal structures. Deficit-based models assume that inequality arises because of deficiencies among low-status individuals. In this Perspective, Kraus et al. propose a functional approach to inequality wherein psychological processes that arise from structural context promote actions that either support or dismantle structures of inequality.
{"title":"A functional approach to the psychology of inequality","authors":"Michael W. Kraus, Daniel J. Sanji, Megan E. Burns, Aline da Silva Frost, Iseul Cha-Ju, A. Chyei Vinluan, LaStarr Hollie, Cydney H. Dupree","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00483-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00483-5","url":null,"abstract":"Inequality is a defining challenge of societies across history, and psychology research can support understanding of its persistence and impacts. In this Perspective, we advance scholarship by understanding inequality in terms of psychology’s function in producing structures of domination or promoting resistance to those structures, rather than situating inequality as caused by deficits in individual behaviour and psychology. We review scholarship on domination and resistance that highlights the utility of this functional lens, as well as its potential to advance understanding of inequality. We then provide four steps that researchers can take to study inequality from a functional lens: questioning causal assumptions of existing psychological models that focus on deficit-based mental states; studying impacts of inequality rather than intentions of actors in unequal settings; embracing immersive methods and practices that engage with the complexity of structural inequality; and applying research that uses cross-level analytic techniques to examine relationships between individual psychology and societal structures. Deficit-based models assume that inequality arises because of deficiencies among low-status individuals. In this Perspective, Kraus et al. propose a functional approach to inequality wherein psychological processes that arise from structural context promote actions that either support or dismantle structures of inequality.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"669-679"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00486-2
Annie James
{"title":"Constructing South Asian reproductive risk","authors":"Annie James","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00486-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00486-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"622-622"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-12DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00481-7
Alexander C. Schütz, Emma E. M. Stewart
Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make and are often considered to be low cost because they have low metabolic costs. Thus, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, many observable parameters of eye movements are also influenced by costs (including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution). These gains and costs therefore have to be weighed to maximize the utility of eye movements. It is challenging to pinpoint specific costs because, unlike benefits, costs cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. In this Review, we integrate evidence for various costs of eye movements, discussing the considerations for movement dynamics, timing and spatial control of saccadic eye movements. We also discuss the costs involved in sequences of saccades and outline challenges for future research. Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make. In this Review, Schütz and Stewart integrate evidence regarding the costs of eye movements and discuss considerations for movement dynamics, timing and the spatial control of saccades.
{"title":"A review of the costs of eye movements","authors":"Alexander C. Schütz, Emma E. M. Stewart","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00481-7","url":null,"abstract":"Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make and are often considered to be low cost because they have low metabolic costs. Thus, research has primarily focused on how eye movements are controlled by gains in reward or information. However, many observable parameters of eye movements are also influenced by costs (including opportunity costs and costs for planning and execution). These gains and costs therefore have to be weighed to maximize the utility of eye movements. It is challenging to pinpoint specific costs because, unlike benefits, costs cannot be observed and manipulated directly and have to be inferred. In this Review, we integrate evidence for various costs of eye movements, discussing the considerations for movement dynamics, timing and spatial control of saccadic eye movements. We also discuss the costs involved in sequences of saccades and outline challenges for future research. Eye movements are the most frequent movements that humans make. In this Review, Schütz and Stewart integrate evidence regarding the costs of eye movements and discuss considerations for movement dynamics, timing and the spatial control of saccades.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 10","pages":"625-638"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1038/s44159-025-00480-8
L. Regolin, M. Loconsole, O. Rosa-Salva, K. Brosche, M. Macchinizzi, A. Felisatti, R. Rugani
Avian species are one of the most diverse and adaptable groups of animals: there are far more species of birds than of mammals, and they occupy a broad range of habitats. Birds and mammals split from a common ancestor over 300 million years ago. Yet certain bird species can perform complex mental tasks, including numerical problems, at levels similar to — and in some cases surpassing — primates, including great apes. Birds thus offer a privileged perspective on the cognitive functions underlying numerical abilities and their evolution. Moreover, birds provide excellent models for studying the ontogenetic development and neural mechanisms underlying numerical computations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the contribution of avian studies to understanding numerical cognition, including behavioural laboratory studies, field studies and neurobiological investigations. We also critically examine the methodologies, interpretations and limitations of selected key studies. By synthesizing current knowledge and situating it within the broader field of cognitive research, we highlight the importance of a comparative perspective in understanding the role of evolutionary convergence in the emergence of cognitive functions. Birds demonstrate complex numerical abilities at levels similar to primates. In this Review, Regolin and colleagues describe the contribution of laboratory, field and neurobiological studies of avian species to our understanding of the evolution and function of numerical cognition.
{"title":"Numerical cognition in birds","authors":"L. Regolin, M. Loconsole, O. Rosa-Salva, K. Brosche, M. Macchinizzi, A. Felisatti, R. Rugani","doi":"10.1038/s44159-025-00480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-025-00480-8","url":null,"abstract":"Avian species are one of the most diverse and adaptable groups of animals: there are far more species of birds than of mammals, and they occupy a broad range of habitats. Birds and mammals split from a common ancestor over 300 million years ago. Yet certain bird species can perform complex mental tasks, including numerical problems, at levels similar to — and in some cases surpassing — primates, including great apes. Birds thus offer a privileged perspective on the cognitive functions underlying numerical abilities and their evolution. Moreover, birds provide excellent models for studying the ontogenetic development and neural mechanisms underlying numerical computations. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the contribution of avian studies to understanding numerical cognition, including behavioural laboratory studies, field studies and neurobiological investigations. We also critically examine the methodologies, interpretations and limitations of selected key studies. By synthesizing current knowledge and situating it within the broader field of cognitive research, we highlight the importance of a comparative perspective in understanding the role of evolutionary convergence in the emergence of cognitive functions. Birds demonstrate complex numerical abilities at levels similar to primates. In this Review, Regolin and colleagues describe the contribution of laboratory, field and neurobiological studies of avian species to our understanding of the evolution and function of numerical cognition.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"4 9","pages":"576-590"},"PeriodicalIF":21.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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