Pub Date : 2023-08-07DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00218-4
Nicholas R. Eaton, Laura F. Bringmann, Timon Elmer, Eiko I. Fried, Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Greene, Robert F. Krueger, Roman Kotov, Patrick D. McGorry, Cristina Mei, Monika A. Waszczuk
Mental disorder classification provides a definitional framework that underlies applied clinical and research efforts to understand, assess, predict, prevent and ameliorate the burden of psychopathology. Many classification frameworks exist, perhaps most notable being the ‘authoritative’ systems of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. However, numerous limitations of official classification systems have been identified, fostering the development of empirically derived, statistical and psychometric alternative classification approaches, which attempt to overcome those limitations. In this Review, we describe three such advances: transdiagnostic dimensional approaches (such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology; HiTOP), network approaches and clinical staging approaches. We discuss their strengths, limitations, divergence, overlap, and scientific and clinical utility, with a focus on the potential synthesis and integration of disparate approaches towards better classification of mental disorders. Mental disorder classification provides a definitional framework that underlies applied clinical and research efforts to understand, assess, predict, prevent and ameliorate the burden of psychopathology. In this Review, Eaton et al. describe transdiagnostic dimensional, network and clinical staging approaches to classification and consider their strengths, their limitations, and their scientific and clinical utility.
{"title":"A review of approaches and models in psychopathology conceptualization research","authors":"Nicholas R. Eaton, Laura F. Bringmann, Timon Elmer, Eiko I. Fried, Miriam K. Forbes, Ashley L. Greene, Robert F. Krueger, Roman Kotov, Patrick D. McGorry, Cristina Mei, Monika A. Waszczuk","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00218-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00218-4","url":null,"abstract":"Mental disorder classification provides a definitional framework that underlies applied clinical and research efforts to understand, assess, predict, prevent and ameliorate the burden of psychopathology. Many classification frameworks exist, perhaps most notable being the ‘authoritative’ systems of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. However, numerous limitations of official classification systems have been identified, fostering the development of empirically derived, statistical and psychometric alternative classification approaches, which attempt to overcome those limitations. In this Review, we describe three such advances: transdiagnostic dimensional approaches (such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology; HiTOP), network approaches and clinical staging approaches. We discuss their strengths, limitations, divergence, overlap, and scientific and clinical utility, with a focus on the potential synthesis and integration of disparate approaches towards better classification of mental disorders. Mental disorder classification provides a definitional framework that underlies applied clinical and research efforts to understand, assess, predict, prevent and ameliorate the burden of psychopathology. In this Review, Eaton et al. describe transdiagnostic dimensional, network and clinical staging approaches to classification and consider their strengths, their limitations, and their scientific and clinical utility.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 10","pages":"622-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44534935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00225-5
Alicia P. Melis, Nichola J. Raihani
{"title":"Publisher Correction: The cognitive challenges of cooperation in human and nonhuman animals","authors":"Alicia P. Melis, Nichola J. Raihani","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00225-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00225-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"584-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-023-00225-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48614995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00223-7
Hannah Weisman
{"title":"The meaning of work","authors":"Hannah Weisman","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00223-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00223-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"522-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48885618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00222-8
Beverly T. Cotter
{"title":"Unlocking the bilingual mind","authors":"Beverly T. Cotter","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00222-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00222-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"521-521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00213-9
John K. Sakaluk, Carm De Santis, Robyn Kilshaw, Merle-Marie Pittelkow, Cassandra M. Brandes, Cassandra L. Boness, Yevgeny Botanov, Alexander J. Williams, Dennis C. Wendt, Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces, Jessica Schleider, Don van Ravenzwaaij
Syntheses of literature on psychological interventions have defined the state of knowledge and helped to identify evidence-based practices for researchers, practitioners, educators and policymakers. Nevertheless, it is complicated to appraise the usefulness of syntheses owing to long-standing methodological issues and the rapid rate of research production. In this Perspective, we examine how syntheses of psychological interventions could be more useful. We argue that syntheses should move beyond the myopic lens of intervention impact based on a one-time, contested selection of literature and comprehensible only to intensively trained readers. Rather, syntheses should become ‘living’ documents that integrate data on intervention impact, consistency, research credibility and sampling inclusivity, all of which must then be presented in a modular way that is also accessible to people of limited expertise. Although existing resources make pursuit of this goal possible, reaching it will require a dramatic change in the ways in which psychologists collaborate and in which syntheses are conducted, disseminated and institutionally supported. Traditional syntheses are limited by methodological issues and the rapid rate of research production. In this Perspective, Sakaluk et al. propose a model for more useful syntheses that integrate data on impact, consistency, research credibility and sampling inclusivity and present these data in a modular and accessible way.
{"title":"Reconsidering what makes syntheses of psychological intervention studies useful","authors":"John K. Sakaluk, Carm De Santis, Robyn Kilshaw, Merle-Marie Pittelkow, Cassandra M. Brandes, Cassandra L. Boness, Yevgeny Botanov, Alexander J. Williams, Dennis C. Wendt, Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces, Jessica Schleider, Don van Ravenzwaaij","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00213-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00213-9","url":null,"abstract":"Syntheses of literature on psychological interventions have defined the state of knowledge and helped to identify evidence-based practices for researchers, practitioners, educators and policymakers. Nevertheless, it is complicated to appraise the usefulness of syntheses owing to long-standing methodological issues and the rapid rate of research production. In this Perspective, we examine how syntheses of psychological interventions could be more useful. We argue that syntheses should move beyond the myopic lens of intervention impact based on a one-time, contested selection of literature and comprehensible only to intensively trained readers. Rather, syntheses should become ‘living’ documents that integrate data on intervention impact, consistency, research credibility and sampling inclusivity, all of which must then be presented in a modular way that is also accessible to people of limited expertise. Although existing resources make pursuit of this goal possible, reaching it will require a dramatic change in the ways in which psychologists collaborate and in which syntheses are conducted, disseminated and institutionally supported. Traditional syntheses are limited by methodological issues and the rapid rate of research production. In this Perspective, Sakaluk et al. propose a model for more useful syntheses that integrate data on impact, consistency, research credibility and sampling inclusivity and present these data in a modular and accessible way.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"569-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43257167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-21DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00207-7
Alicia P. Melis, Nichola J. Raihani
Cooperation is widespread in nature, occurring in every taxa on Earth. Nevertheless, the contexts in which cooperation occurs — and the forms it takes — vary widely. In this Review, we outline how cooperation can evolve in nature and the cognition needed to support cooperation in different scenarios. We argue that the cognitively simplest forms of cooperation are those where an organism does not need to recognize interaction partners individually and that do not depend upon individuals keeping track of their partners’ actions and making contingent return investments. These simpler cooperative interactions occur most frequently among kin and among interdependent interaction partners and are relatively common in non-human animals. Conversely, cooperation involving individual recognition of interaction partners and where benefits depend upon contingent responses levy greater cognitive demands and occur in non-human animals only in limited contexts. The cognition needed to support cooperation in its multifaceted forms varies in different scenarios. In this Review, Melis and Raihani argue that whether individuals must recognize interaction partners and whether cooperative interactions need investment repayment can differentiate the cognitive demand posed.
{"title":"The cognitive challenges of cooperation in human and nonhuman animals","authors":"Alicia P. Melis, Nichola J. Raihani","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00207-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00207-7","url":null,"abstract":"Cooperation is widespread in nature, occurring in every taxa on Earth. Nevertheless, the contexts in which cooperation occurs — and the forms it takes — vary widely. In this Review, we outline how cooperation can evolve in nature and the cognition needed to support cooperation in different scenarios. We argue that the cognitively simplest forms of cooperation are those where an organism does not need to recognize interaction partners individually and that do not depend upon individuals keeping track of their partners’ actions and making contingent return investments. These simpler cooperative interactions occur most frequently among kin and among interdependent interaction partners and are relatively common in non-human animals. Conversely, cooperation involving individual recognition of interaction partners and where benefits depend upon contingent responses levy greater cognitive demands and occur in non-human animals only in limited contexts. The cognition needed to support cooperation in its multifaceted forms varies in different scenarios. In this Review, Melis and Raihani argue that whether individuals must recognize interaction partners and whether cooperative interactions need investment repayment can differentiate the cognitive demand posed.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"523-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47360765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00220-w
Herbert Bless, Michaela Wänke
Comparing effect sizes between studies is critical for evaluating empirical evidence and gaining a broader understanding of underlying phenomena. However, many effects in psychology are nonlinear, which causes problems for interpreting such comparisons and meta-analyses.
{"title":"The crucial role of linearity when comparing effects across studies","authors":"Herbert Bless, Michaela Wänke","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00220-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00220-w","url":null,"abstract":"Comparing effect sizes between studies is critical for evaluating empirical evidence and gaining a broader understanding of underlying phenomena. However, many effects in psychology are nonlinear, which causes problems for interpreting such comparisons and meta-analyses.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"516-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42276139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00212-w
Judith E. Fan, Wilma A. Bainbridge, Rebecca Chamberlain, Jeffrey D. Wammes
Drawing is a cognitive tool that makes the invisible contents of mental life visible. Humans use this tool to produce a remarkable variety of pictures, from realistic portraits to schematic diagrams. Despite this variety and the prevalence of drawn images, the psychological mechanisms that enable drawings to be so versatile have yet to be fully explored. In this Review, we synthesize contemporary work in multiple areas of psychology, computer science and neuroscience that examines the cognitive processes involved in drawing production and comprehension. This body of findings suggests that the balance of contributions from perception, memory and social inference during drawing production varies depending on the situation, resulting in some drawings that are more realistic and other drawings that are more abstract. We also consider the use of drawings as a research tool for investigating various aspects of cognition, as well as the role that drawing has in facilitating learning and communication. Taken together, information about how drawings are used in different contexts illuminates the central role of visually grounded abstractions in human thought and behaviour. Drawing is a versatile tool that people use to convey visual information across contexts. In this Review, Fan and colleagues discuss the cognitive mechanisms of drawing and key considerations for the use of drawings as a research tool.
{"title":"Drawing as a versatile cognitive tool","authors":"Judith E. Fan, Wilma A. Bainbridge, Rebecca Chamberlain, Jeffrey D. Wammes","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00212-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00212-w","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing is a cognitive tool that makes the invisible contents of mental life visible. Humans use this tool to produce a remarkable variety of pictures, from realistic portraits to schematic diagrams. Despite this variety and the prevalence of drawn images, the psychological mechanisms that enable drawings to be so versatile have yet to be fully explored. In this Review, we synthesize contemporary work in multiple areas of psychology, computer science and neuroscience that examines the cognitive processes involved in drawing production and comprehension. This body of findings suggests that the balance of contributions from perception, memory and social inference during drawing production varies depending on the situation, resulting in some drawings that are more realistic and other drawings that are more abstract. We also consider the use of drawings as a research tool for investigating various aspects of cognition, as well as the role that drawing has in facilitating learning and communication. Taken together, information about how drawings are used in different contexts illuminates the central role of visually grounded abstractions in human thought and behaviour. Drawing is a versatile tool that people use to convey visual information across contexts. In this Review, Fan and colleagues discuss the cognitive mechanisms of drawing and key considerations for the use of drawings as a research tool.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 9","pages":"556-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47285942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00219-3
Teresa Schubert
{"title":"Overt attentional shifts are more costly than covert shifts","authors":"Teresa Schubert","doi":"10.1038/s44159-023-00219-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-023-00219-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"2 8","pages":"456-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48209910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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