Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00362-5
Andrea Danese, Kirsten Asmussen, Jelena MacLeod, Alan Meehan, Jessica Sears, Natalie Slopen, Patrick Smith, Angela Sweeney
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are key modifiable risk factors for mental illness. The potential to detect and mitigate ACEs to improve population mental health has led to large public health efforts. However, basing public mental health decisions on ACE screening has revealed several conspicuous challenges. In this Review, we provide a critical overview of these challenges, focusing on the validity of ACE screening measures, their accuracy in classifying individuals at risk for poor mental health outcomes, their utility in facilitating the delivery of targeted interventions, their acceptability by respondents and interviewers, and the overall financial sustainability of this screening approach. There are clear research opportunities to address these challenges and improve current practices. For example, basic measurement research could improve the validity and acceptability of ACE measures, individual risk modelling approaches could be adopted to improve the accuracy of ACE screening to predict mental health conditions and guide intervention selection, and promising interventions could be tested to ensure that vulnerable individuals detected through ACE screening receive effective support. Screening for adverse childhood experiences can improve mental health outcomes through personalized treatments in at-risk individuals or preventative strategies at the population level. In this Review, Danese et al. synthesize the challenges and opportunities of these screening measures and related analytical methods.
{"title":"Revisiting the use of adverse childhood experience screening in healthcare settings","authors":"Andrea Danese, Kirsten Asmussen, Jelena MacLeod, Alan Meehan, Jessica Sears, Natalie Slopen, Patrick Smith, Angela Sweeney","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00362-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00362-5","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are key modifiable risk factors for mental illness. The potential to detect and mitigate ACEs to improve population mental health has led to large public health efforts. However, basing public mental health decisions on ACE screening has revealed several conspicuous challenges. In this Review, we provide a critical overview of these challenges, focusing on the validity of ACE screening measures, their accuracy in classifying individuals at risk for poor mental health outcomes, their utility in facilitating the delivery of targeted interventions, their acceptability by respondents and interviewers, and the overall financial sustainability of this screening approach. There are clear research opportunities to address these challenges and improve current practices. For example, basic measurement research could improve the validity and acceptability of ACE measures, individual risk modelling approaches could be adopted to improve the accuracy of ACE screening to predict mental health conditions and guide intervention selection, and promising interventions could be tested to ensure that vulnerable individuals detected through ACE screening receive effective support. Screening for adverse childhood experiences can improve mental health outcomes through personalized treatments in at-risk individuals or preventative strategies at the population level. In this Review, Danese et al. synthesize the challenges and opportunities of these screening measures and related analytical methods.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 11","pages":"729-740"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00359-0
Evava S. Pietri, Charlotte E. Moser, Veronica Derricks, India R. Johnson
Highly publicized instances of social injustice have raised awareness of inequities and motivated people with advantaged identities to work to end oppression and advocate for members of marginalized groups — in other words, to act as ‘allies’. When successful, engaging in allyship can promote marginalized individuals’ belonging and well-being. However, actions meant to convey allyship can be ineffective or harmful. Thus, it is important to understand how people might act as effective allies — that is, how they might enact allyship efforts that marginalized group members identify as meaningful and that promote psychological benefits for these groups. In this Review, we outline a framework of effective allyship that posits four key and related components: awareness, authentic motivation, action orientation and all-inclusivity. More specifically, taking part in allyship entails acknowledging systemic bias and privileged identities, being motivated by personal values, engaging in high-effort and consistent ally actions, and supporting all members of a marginalized group, including those with multiply marginalized identities. We discuss research supporting the importance of each element, focusing on work with marginalized individuals, and we describe ally interventions. When carefully considered and tailored to relevant marginalized groups, these four components are crucial to acting as an effective ally and fostering welcoming climates. When successful, engaging in allyship can promote belonging and well-being in marginalized individuals. In this Review, Pietri et al. outline a framework for effective allyship that includes four crucial and related components: awareness, authentic motivation, action orientation and all-inclusivity.
{"title":"A framework for understanding effective allyship","authors":"Evava S. Pietri, Charlotte E. Moser, Veronica Derricks, India R. Johnson","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00359-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00359-0","url":null,"abstract":"Highly publicized instances of social injustice have raised awareness of inequities and motivated people with advantaged identities to work to end oppression and advocate for members of marginalized groups — in other words, to act as ‘allies’. When successful, engaging in allyship can promote marginalized individuals’ belonging and well-being. However, actions meant to convey allyship can be ineffective or harmful. Thus, it is important to understand how people might act as effective allies — that is, how they might enact allyship efforts that marginalized group members identify as meaningful and that promote psychological benefits for these groups. In this Review, we outline a framework of effective allyship that posits four key and related components: awareness, authentic motivation, action orientation and all-inclusivity. More specifically, taking part in allyship entails acknowledging systemic bias and privileged identities, being motivated by personal values, engaging in high-effort and consistent ally actions, and supporting all members of a marginalized group, including those with multiply marginalized identities. We discuss research supporting the importance of each element, focusing on work with marginalized individuals, and we describe ally interventions. When carefully considered and tailored to relevant marginalized groups, these four components are crucial to acting as an effective ally and fostering welcoming climates. When successful, engaging in allyship can promote belonging and well-being in marginalized individuals. In this Review, Pietri et al. outline a framework for effective allyship that includes four crucial and related components: awareness, authentic motivation, action orientation and all-inclusivity.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 10","pages":"686-700"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00355-4
Michelle G. Craske, Barnaby D. Dunn, Alicia E. Meuret, Sakina J. Rizvi, Charles T. Taylor
The inability to experience pleasure or interest in activities (commonly referred to in clinical settings as anhedonia) is characteristic of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health conditions. Diminished positive emotions and anhedonia predict poor long-term outcomes, but conventional psychological treatments have only modest effects upon positive emotions. In this Review, we consider the impact of diminished positive affect and anhedonia on depression, anxiety and trauma and present evidence to suggest underlying deficits in reward processing. We describe psychological treatments that aim to increase positive emotions — including emerging therapies and neurocognitive training programmes that specifically target reward hyposensitivities — and the supporting evidence for their efficacy. We argue that a paradigm shift away from treatments primarily focused on alleviating negative emotions (the current gold standard) towards treatments that augment reward processing and positive emotions will prove valuable to enhance treatment response and overall quality of life of people with mental health conditions. Treatments for depression, anxiety and trauma primarily focus on alleviating negative emotions, but their effectiveness is limited. In this Review, Craske et al. describe evidence suggesting that a shift towards interventions that target positive affect and reward processing could enhance treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Positive affect and reward processing in the treatment of depression, anxiety and trauma","authors":"Michelle G. Craske, Barnaby D. Dunn, Alicia E. Meuret, Sakina J. Rizvi, Charles T. Taylor","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00355-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00355-4","url":null,"abstract":"The inability to experience pleasure or interest in activities (commonly referred to in clinical settings as anhedonia) is characteristic of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health conditions. Diminished positive emotions and anhedonia predict poor long-term outcomes, but conventional psychological treatments have only modest effects upon positive emotions. In this Review, we consider the impact of diminished positive affect and anhedonia on depression, anxiety and trauma and present evidence to suggest underlying deficits in reward processing. We describe psychological treatments that aim to increase positive emotions — including emerging therapies and neurocognitive training programmes that specifically target reward hyposensitivities — and the supporting evidence for their efficacy. We argue that a paradigm shift away from treatments primarily focused on alleviating negative emotions (the current gold standard) towards treatments that augment reward processing and positive emotions will prove valuable to enhance treatment response and overall quality of life of people with mental health conditions. Treatments for depression, anxiety and trauma primarily focus on alleviating negative emotions, but their effectiveness is limited. In this Review, Craske et al. describe evidence suggesting that a shift towards interventions that target positive affect and reward processing could enhance treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 10","pages":"665-685"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00365-2
Laura Silva
Philosophy — in particular, feminist philosophy — can help psychology to meet its standards of rigour, objectivity, validity and reliability. Philosophy — in particular feminist philosophy — can help psychology meet its standards of rigor, objectivity, validity and reliability.
{"title":"Psychology needs philosophy","authors":"Laura Silva","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00365-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00365-2","url":null,"abstract":"Philosophy — in particular, feminist philosophy — can help psychology to meet its standards of rigour, objectivity, validity and reliability. Philosophy — in particular feminist philosophy — can help psychology meet its standards of rigor, objectivity, validity and reliability.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 11","pages":"721-722"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00366-1
Teresa Schubert
Nature Reviews Psychology is interviewing individuals with doctoral degrees in psychology who pursued non-academic careers. We spoke with Mike Tombu about his journey from a postdoctoral fellow to a defence scientist.
{"title":"From the lab to a career in defence research","authors":"Teresa Schubert","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00366-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00366-1","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Psychology is interviewing individuals with doctoral degrees in psychology who pursued non-academic careers. We spoke with Mike Tombu about his journey from a postdoctoral fellow to a defence scientist.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 10","pages":"646-647"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00354-5
Tobias Egner
{"title":"Reply to ‘No convincing evidence for the independence of persistence and flexibility’","authors":"Tobias Egner","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00354-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00354-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"639-639"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00348-3
Gesine Dreisbach, Sebastian Musslick, Senne Braem
{"title":"Flexibility and stability can be both dependent and independent","authors":"Gesine Dreisbach, Sebastian Musslick, Senne Braem","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00348-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00348-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"636-636"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00347-4
Tobias Egner
{"title":"Reply to ‘Flexibility and stability can be both dependent and independent’","authors":"Tobias Egner","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00347-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00347-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"637-637"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00353-6
Bernhard Hommel, Lorenza Colzato, Christian Beste
{"title":"No convincing evidence for the independence of persistence and flexibility","authors":"Bernhard Hommel, Lorenza Colzato, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00353-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00353-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"638-638"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142160314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：