Pub Date : 2021-02-21DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.129.138
A. Rasti, Hamid Ranjkesh Adarmanabadi, M. Pineda, Jesse Reinikainen
One of the critical design parameters used in evaluating soil structure is the friction angle, derived from Mohr's Circle failure criterion. The soil friction angle is an engineering parameter estimated in the laboratory to quantify the soil shear strength in geotechnical applications. This paper indicates an experimental study investigating the impact of particle size on different sandy soils shear strength behavior. The direct shear test equipment is useful for simulating various stress regimes to determine the soil strength by employing a slow moving lateral force to a consolidated sample along a shear plane. A series of direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the interface behavior of soil. Soil samples were selected from different locations in New Mexico, United States. The influence of soil particle size on the soil's shear strength behavior is discussed by performing a series of symmetric direct shear tests according to ASTM D3080 and analyzing the results. To minimize errors, electronic transducers were used to measure vertical and horizontal displacements. DS7 is geotechnical testing software controlling the test by utilizing a data logger. The investigation indicates that the maximum vertical deformation for all different kinds of sandy soils accrued simultaneously. It was concluded that a soil's friction angle is affected by coarse-grained material. Accordingly, sandy soils with bigger particle size record a higher friction angle than soils containing small particles. Furthermore, a non-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the direct relationship between soil's friction angle and soil particle characteristics.
{"title":"Evaluating the Effect of Soil Particle Characterization on Internal Friction Angle","authors":"A. Rasti, Hamid Ranjkesh Adarmanabadi, M. Pineda, Jesse Reinikainen","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.129.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.129.138","url":null,"abstract":"One of the critical design parameters used in evaluating soil structure is the friction angle, derived from Mohr's Circle failure criterion. The soil friction angle is an engineering parameter estimated in the laboratory to quantify the soil shear strength in geotechnical applications. This paper indicates an experimental study investigating the impact of particle size on different sandy soils shear strength behavior. The direct shear test equipment is useful for simulating various stress regimes to determine the soil strength by employing a slow moving lateral force to a consolidated sample along a shear plane. A series of direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the interface behavior of soil. Soil samples were selected from different locations in New Mexico, United States. The influence of soil particle size on the soil's shear strength behavior is discussed by performing a series of symmetric direct shear tests according to ASTM D3080 and analyzing the results. To minimize errors, electronic transducers were used to measure vertical and horizontal displacements. DS7 is geotechnical testing software controlling the test by utilizing a data logger. The investigation indicates that the maximum vertical deformation for all different kinds of sandy soils accrued simultaneously. It was concluded that a soil's friction angle is affected by coarse-grained material. Accordingly, sandy soils with bigger particle size record a higher friction angle than soils containing small particles. Furthermore, a non-linear regression analysis was performed to determine the direct relationship between soil's friction angle and soil particle characteristics.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82588177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-08DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.112.128
F. Petrescu
The kinematics of the basic mechatronic module 3R of an anthropomorphic robot will be presented in this study, through an original geometric-analytical method, developed by the author. The advantages of the proposed new method are a great simplicity of calculations and calculation relations, intertwined with very high precision. The method is a strong one from a physical-mathematical point of view. There is a counter that must be set correctly to plus or minus 1, otherwise, all values and calculations are fast, accurate, direct, intuitive. The method has already been verified by the author with another original, older, trigonometric one and the results obtained by both methods are identical. If the trigonometric method already presented previously was a simple one, the geometric-analytical one proposed this time is even simpler in calculations and more precise, the effective work being to present the method and the calculation relations as well as the way they were deducted, but their use is very simple and fast.
{"title":"Kinematics of the Basic Mechatronic Module 3R of an Anthropomorphic Robot","authors":"F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.112.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.112.128","url":null,"abstract":"The kinematics of the basic mechatronic module 3R of an anthropomorphic robot will be presented in this study, through an original geometric-analytical method, developed by the author. The advantages of the proposed new method are a great simplicity of calculations and calculation relations, intertwined with very high precision. The method is a strong one from a physical-mathematical point of view. There is a counter that must be set correctly to plus or minus 1, otherwise, all values and calculations are fast, accurate, direct, intuitive. The method has already been verified by the author with another original, older, trigonometric one and the results obtained by both methods are identical. If the trigonometric method already presented previously was a simple one, the geometric-analytical one proposed this time is even simpler in calculations and more precise, the effective work being to present the method and the calculation relations as well as the way they were deducted, but their use is very simple and fast.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"112-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90114576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.292.307
T. F. Silva, G. P. M. Souza, G. F. Morgado, Yves Nicolau Wearn, A. P. F. Albers, E. Quinteiro, F. R. Passador
Corresponding Author: Thais Ferreira da Silva Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (Polymer and Biopolymer Technology Laboratory (TecPBio), 330 Talim St., São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 12231280), Brazil Email: thais.ferret@hotmail.com Abstract: The development of polymeric nanocomposites using clay minerals as a Nano filler is of great interest to researchers and industry. Many clay minerals are used to modify the properties of the polymers; this strategy improves the thermal and mechanical performance and changes the surface finishing and the processing characteristics. The Attapulgite (ATP), which is a clay mineral of the hydrated magnesium silicates family, has gained prominence in recent years because it combines low cost and high performance. It has a large surface area, strong absorption capacity superior to any other natural mineral, good mechanical resistance and thermal stability. These properties make ATP an ideal candidate for reinforcing polymeric materials. Different approaches and emerging technologies have been applied to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/ATP nanocomposites which can extend the different chemical treatments used in ATP. Therefore, this review article presents the latest advances related to the use of ATP in the development of polymeric nanocomposites, showing future perspectives for new trends in ATP applications. In general, ATP modifies the mechanical properties of polymers, either in the natural or modified state. And is a good alternative for the replacement of lamellar clays such as montmorillonites with the advantage of having a lower cost and a wide world market to be explored, that which drive new trends in applications for ATP, such as flame retardant of cotton fabrics, dye adsorption, hydrogel membranes for wound dressing, sustainable packaging and fuel cell applications.
通讯作者:泰国Ferreira da Silva 圣保罗联邦大学(UNIFESP)(聚合物和生物聚合物技术实验室(TecPBio)， 330 Talim St.， s o jos dos Campos, SP，巴西，12231280)，巴西电子邮件:thais.ferret@hotmail.com摘要:以粘土矿物为纳米填料的聚合物纳米复合材料的发展引起了研究人员和工业界的广泛关注。许多粘土矿物被用来改变聚合物的性质;该策略提高了热性能和机械性能，并改变了表面光洁度和加工特性。凹凸棒石(ATP)是水合硅酸镁家族的一种粘土矿物，近年来因其低成本和高性能而备受关注。它具有大的表面积，强的吸收能力优于任何其他天然矿物，良好的机械阻力和热稳定性。这些特性使ATP成为增强高分子材料的理想候选材料。不同的方法和新兴技术已被应用于改善聚合物/ATP纳米复合材料的热性能和力学性能，这可以扩展ATP中不同的化学处理方法。因此，本文综述了ATP在高分子纳米复合材料中应用的最新进展，并对其应用的新趋势进行了展望。一般来说，无论是在天然状态还是在改性状态下，ATP都能改变聚合物的机械性能。它是替代层状粘土(如蒙脱石)的一个很好的替代品，具有成本较低和广阔的世界市场有待探索的优势，这推动了ATP应用的新趋势，如棉织物的阻燃剂、染料吸附、伤口敷料的水凝胶膜、可持续包装和燃料电池应用。
{"title":"A Brief Review of the Latest Advances of Attapulgite as a Reinforcing Agent in Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites","authors":"T. F. Silva, G. P. M. Souza, G. F. Morgado, Yves Nicolau Wearn, A. P. F. Albers, E. Quinteiro, F. R. Passador","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.292.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.292.307","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Thais Ferreira da Silva Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) (Polymer and Biopolymer Technology Laboratory (TecPBio), 330 Talim St., São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil, 12231280), Brazil Email: thais.ferret@hotmail.com Abstract: The development of polymeric nanocomposites using clay minerals as a Nano filler is of great interest to researchers and industry. Many clay minerals are used to modify the properties of the polymers; this strategy improves the thermal and mechanical performance and changes the surface finishing and the processing characteristics. The Attapulgite (ATP), which is a clay mineral of the hydrated magnesium silicates family, has gained prominence in recent years because it combines low cost and high performance. It has a large surface area, strong absorption capacity superior to any other natural mineral, good mechanical resistance and thermal stability. These properties make ATP an ideal candidate for reinforcing polymeric materials. Different approaches and emerging technologies have been applied to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of polymer/ATP nanocomposites which can extend the different chemical treatments used in ATP. Therefore, this review article presents the latest advances related to the use of ATP in the development of polymeric nanocomposites, showing future perspectives for new trends in ATP applications. In general, ATP modifies the mechanical properties of polymers, either in the natural or modified state. And is a good alternative for the replacement of lamellar clays such as montmorillonites with the advantage of having a lower cost and a wide world market to be explored, that which drive new trends in applications for ATP, such as flame retardant of cotton fabrics, dye adsorption, hydrogel membranes for wound dressing, sustainable packaging and fuel cell applications.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"292-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83975997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.81.93
M. Geller, Anderson Meneses
Software Engineering has evolved to meet the growing complexity of current systems and the resources of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) enable the modeling of such systems in different views. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm appears with very peculiar characteristics such as the heterogeneity of its physical and virtual components that must be integrated. Designing systems of this nature is a challenge and modeling using UML is consolidating itself as a resource to overcome this challenge. The objective of this work is to present some proposals for UML extensions already available in the literature, to represent IoT systems. Then, we present a case study with those models for representing a small energy monitoring system with artificial intelligence for power consumption forecast.
{"title":"Modelling IoT Systems with UML: A Case Study for Monitoring and Predicting Power Consumption","authors":"M. Geller, Anderson Meneses","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.81.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.81.93","url":null,"abstract":"Software Engineering has evolved to meet the growing complexity of current systems and the resources of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) enable the modeling of such systems in different views. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm appears with very peculiar characteristics such as the heterogeneity of its physical and virtual components that must be integrated. Designing systems of this nature is a challenge and modeling using UML is consolidating itself as a resource to overcome this challenge. The objective of this work is to present some proposals for UML extensions already available in the literature, to represent IoT systems. Then, we present a case study with those models for representing a small energy monitoring system with artificial intelligence for power consumption forecast.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"81-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82143926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2021.258.291
G. Gregori, B. Leybourne
Corresponding Author: Giovanni P. Gregori IDASC-Istituto di Acustica e Sensoristica O. M. Corbino (CNR), Roma, Now Merged into IMM-Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR) and ISSOInternational Seismic Safety Organization, Italy Email: gregori.giovanni@fastwebnet.it Abstract: A more detailed summary is given in the last part (1/4th) of the Introduction. An anomalous period is in progress, characterized by a very intense release of endogenous energy from the Earth. The cause is an ongoing heartbeat of the Earth’s electrocardiogram. Humankind’s history spans a much shorter duration. Hence, at present the humans are going to face an unprecedented challenge, maybe even concerning survival. The duration of the climate anomaly of an Earth’s heartbeat is a few Ma. The challenge is to avoid that humankind is going toward extinction. The paper attempts to give a general-and largely original and substantially advanced-perspective of Earth’s phenomena. As far as possible, the approach is top-down, i.e., start from known laws and infer expected observations-unlike the more usual bottom-up viewpoint, i.e., start from observations and seek regularities. The present text is devoted to applied scientists. The overall scenario is much more focused and precise than standard treatments. The target of the paper is concerned with the possible actions that can-and must-be implemented in order to face this unprecedented challenge-rather than being concerned with a critical discussion and comparison with the present “generally agreed” geophysical models reported in the literature. In particular, the exploitation is considered of a huge reservoir of natural and clean energy. The central focus of the present paper is the exploitation of the electrostatic energy of the atmospheric electrical circuit, which is a clean and almost inexhaustible free source. It should be stressed that-as it has been proven by quantitative and precise observations-the CO2 pollution of anthropic origin provides an irrelevant-or maybe even a negligible-contribution to climate change. Climate change is, rather, caused by the natural, violent, ongoing exhalation of endogenous energy. This anomaly is going to be manifested, perhaps, by an eventual ever-increasing intensity of phenomena-including seismic and volcanic activity, energy and dynamics on the oceans and atmosphere, greater excursions with respect to the mild climate and a (presently unmonitored) change of endemic microorganism generation on the ocean floors (maybe even affecting pandemics). This study is an attempt to synthesize a wide multidisciplinary scenario, as far as possible by a limited number of pages. The purpose is only to start a much more extensive and profound discussion, that-as far as the geophysical items are concerned-is the object of more extensive studies (in preparation).
通讯作者:Giovanni P. Gregori IDASC-Istituto di Acustica e Sensoristica O. M. Corbino (CNR)， Roma，现合并为IMM-Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR)和isso国际地震安全组织，意大利Email: gregori.giovanni@fastwebnet.it摘要:在引言的最后一部分(1/4)给出了更详细的总结。一个异常时期正在进行中，其特征是来自地球的内源性能量的强烈释放。原因是地球的心电图持续跳动。人类的历史跨度要短得多。因此，目前人类将面临前所未有的挑战，甚至可能涉及到生存。地球心跳的气候异常持续的时间是几毫安。我们面临的挑战是避免人类走向灭绝。这篇论文试图对地球现象给出一个普遍的、基本上是原创的、实质上是先进的观点。这种方法尽可能是自上而下的，即从已知的规律出发，推断预期的观察结果，而不像更常见的自下而上的观点，即从观察结果出发，寻求规律。本文专门讨论应用科学家。整体情况比标准治疗更加集中和精确。本文的目标是关注为了面对这一前所未有的挑战，可以而且必须实施的可能的行动，而不是关注与目前文献中报道的“普遍同意的”地球物理模型进行批判性讨论和比较。特别是，开发被认为是一个巨大的自然和清洁能源的水库。本文的中心重点是大气电路的静电能的开发，这是一种清洁的，几乎取之不尽的自由源。应该强调的是，正如定量和精确的观测所证明的那样，人为产生的二氧化碳污染对气候变化的影响是无关紧要的，甚至可能是微不足道的。相反，气候变化是由自然的、剧烈的、持续的内生能量释放引起的。这种异常现象可能最终会表现为不断增强的现象强度——包括地震和火山活动、海洋和大气的能量和动力学、相对温和气候的更大偏移以及(目前未受监测的)海底特有微生物产生的变化(甚至可能影响流行病)。本研究试图综合一个广泛的多学科的场景，尽可能通过有限的页数。目的只是为了开始一场更广泛和更深刻的讨论，就地球物理项目而言，这是更广泛研究的对象(正在准备中)。
{"title":"Climate Change-An Unprecedented Challenge for Humankind Survival; Energy Exploitation from the Atmospheric Electrical Circuit","authors":"G. Gregori, B. Leybourne","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2021.258.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2021.258.291","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Giovanni P. Gregori IDASC-Istituto di Acustica e Sensoristica O. M. Corbino (CNR), Roma, Now Merged into IMM-Istituto per la Microelettronica e Microsistemi (CNR) and ISSOInternational Seismic Safety Organization, Italy Email: gregori.giovanni@fastwebnet.it Abstract: A more detailed summary is given in the last part (1/4th) of the Introduction. An anomalous period is in progress, characterized by a very intense release of endogenous energy from the Earth. The cause is an ongoing heartbeat of the Earth’s electrocardiogram. Humankind’s history spans a much shorter duration. Hence, at present the humans are going to face an unprecedented challenge, maybe even concerning survival. The duration of the climate anomaly of an Earth’s heartbeat is a few Ma. The challenge is to avoid that humankind is going toward extinction. The paper attempts to give a general-and largely original and substantially advanced-perspective of Earth’s phenomena. As far as possible, the approach is top-down, i.e., start from known laws and infer expected observations-unlike the more usual bottom-up viewpoint, i.e., start from observations and seek regularities. The present text is devoted to applied scientists. The overall scenario is much more focused and precise than standard treatments. The target of the paper is concerned with the possible actions that can-and must-be implemented in order to face this unprecedented challenge-rather than being concerned with a critical discussion and comparison with the present “generally agreed” geophysical models reported in the literature. In particular, the exploitation is considered of a huge reservoir of natural and clean energy. The central focus of the present paper is the exploitation of the electrostatic energy of the atmospheric electrical circuit, which is a clean and almost inexhaustible free source. It should be stressed that-as it has been proven by quantitative and precise observations-the CO2 pollution of anthropic origin provides an irrelevant-or maybe even a negligible-contribution to climate change. Climate change is, rather, caused by the natural, violent, ongoing exhalation of endogenous energy. This anomaly is going to be manifested, perhaps, by an eventual ever-increasing intensity of phenomena-including seismic and volcanic activity, energy and dynamics on the oceans and atmosphere, greater excursions with respect to the mild climate and a (presently unmonitored) change of endemic microorganism generation on the ocean floors (maybe even affecting pandemics). This study is an attempt to synthesize a wide multidisciplinary scenario, as far as possible by a limited number of pages. The purpose is only to start a much more extensive and profound discussion, that-as far as the geophysical items are concerned-is the object of more extensive studies (in preparation).","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81884032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.177.184
K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, H. Gholami, Shahide Dehghan, M. Ghane
Corresponding Author: Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111 , Iran Email: ostadaliaskari.k@of.iut.ac.ir kaveh.oaa2000@gmail.com Abstract: Each city has important and essential needs, which due to the development of modern cities, these needs occur despite to urban planning science. Future generation expectation of resources should also be consideredand urban planning should be defined and established based on participatory urbanization and citizen participation. The presence of citizens in decision-making and expressing their desire and needs in accordance with the current conditions of the community occurs in participatory urbanization. Participation has found a special place in urban planning theories. In today's world, people participation goes on like political, social, economic and so on. Planners make better use of popular forces to achieve a better society. This article tries to recall the planning process and the position of plannersand also uses a descriptive and comparative method to express the important theories of participatory urban development, such as the theory of Sherry Arnstein and Scott Davidson.
{"title":"The Role of Public Participation in Promoting Urban Planning","authors":"K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, H. Gholami, Shahide Dehghan, M. Ghane","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.177.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.177.184","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111 , Iran Email: ostadaliaskari.k@of.iut.ac.ir kaveh.oaa2000@gmail.com Abstract: Each city has important and essential needs, which due to the development of modern cities, these needs occur despite to urban planning science. Future generation expectation of resources should also be consideredand urban planning should be defined and established based on participatory urbanization and citizen participation. The presence of citizens in decision-making and expressing their desire and needs in accordance with the current conditions of the community occurs in participatory urbanization. Participation has found a special place in urban planning theories. In today's world, people participation goes on like political, social, economic and so on. Planners make better use of popular forces to achieve a better society. This article tries to recall the planning process and the position of plannersand also uses a descriptive and comparative method to express the important theories of participatory urban development, such as the theory of Sherry Arnstein and Scott Davidson.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"177-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78221651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.214.257
Krzysztof Murawski, A. Wahrhaftig
{"title":"Stability, Stress and Strain Analysis of Very Slender Pinned Thin-Walled Box Columns according to FEM, Euler and TSTh","authors":"Krzysztof Murawski, A. Wahrhaftig","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.214.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.214.257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"214-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86902239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.162.176
Sara Mostafa Karra, Iman Hajal, Youmn Al Rawi, A. Diab
: Cooperation between the architect and the civil engineer has nowadays become essential in any project for the client’s requests’ sake. This study was made to show this idea’s importance and beneficial consequences. For this purpose, a 40-story dual-system high-rise building has been designed to resist moderate seismic and high wind loads. Three main models were formed: Starting with the net model, which is the regular model, followed by the mass irregularity models that were generated for the luxury floor desires (this irregularity was placed in two different locations, namely at the top and middle position), ending with the soft story irregularity models that were cited in the building’s middle and bottom for the gym floor’s need. The positions for each irregularity were tested and compared to those of the regular model under the effect of seismic load on one hand and under the influence of three different wind loads on the other. The required wind loads studied in this article were assigned from the wind speeds of 80, 100 and 120 mph. For these models’ analysis, RSA using finite element method on ETABS was used. The results exhibited that the peak wind speed this building held was 110 mph for both irregularities. Furthermore, the seismically-designed high-rise buildings might not be safe enough to resist a wind load speed of 120 mph. In addition, the middle location is the most preferable locus for these irregularities to occur regarding wind and seismic loads because of its minor displacement, drift and base shear. Besides, it ensured the economic cost of the mass irregularity ($1,706,380), which is in turn less than that of the top position ($1,790,187). The same applies for the stiffness irregularity cost, requiring a budget of $1,632,310 in the middle position but an expense of $1,676,368 for the bottom locus. Although the irregularity’s perfect location seemed unfamiliar, it pursues the sake of the client, the architect and the civil engineer alike.
{"title":"Effects of Architectural Irregularities on the Seismic Behavior of Buildings","authors":"Sara Mostafa Karra, Iman Hajal, Youmn Al Rawi, A. Diab","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.162.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.162.176","url":null,"abstract":": Cooperation between the architect and the civil engineer has nowadays become essential in any project for the client’s requests’ sake. This study was made to show this idea’s importance and beneficial consequences. For this purpose, a 40-story dual-system high-rise building has been designed to resist moderate seismic and high wind loads. Three main models were formed: Starting with the net model, which is the regular model, followed by the mass irregularity models that were generated for the luxury floor desires (this irregularity was placed in two different locations, namely at the top and middle position), ending with the soft story irregularity models that were cited in the building’s middle and bottom for the gym floor’s need. The positions for each irregularity were tested and compared to those of the regular model under the effect of seismic load on one hand and under the influence of three different wind loads on the other. The required wind loads studied in this article were assigned from the wind speeds of 80, 100 and 120 mph. For these models’ analysis, RSA using finite element method on ETABS was used. The results exhibited that the peak wind speed this building held was 110 mph for both irregularities. Furthermore, the seismically-designed high-rise buildings might not be safe enough to resist a wind load speed of 120 mph. In addition, the middle location is the most preferable locus for these irregularities to occur regarding wind and seismic loads because of its minor displacement, drift and base shear. Besides, it ensured the economic cost of the mass irregularity ($1,706,380), which is in turn less than that of the top position ($1,790,187). The same applies for the stiffness irregularity cost, requiring a budget of $1,632,310 in the middle position but an expense of $1,676,368 for the bottom locus. Although the irregularity’s perfect location seemed unfamiliar, it pursues the sake of the client, the architect and the civil engineer alike.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83876024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-24DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.103.111
T. Ahmed, M. Salem, Ahmad Saad, A. Alaqqad
This study investigated the viability of establishing a monorail network system in Kuwait as an additional means of transportation to the current transportation systems. Two critical areas with high traffic demands were identified through the collected traffic data at the major intersections in these areas., These areas were Kuwait City (near the ministries area) and Al-Blajat street (known as the Arabian Gulf street). Traffic data and Level Of Service (LOS) of these areas were then analyzed using Synchro software, supported by site suitability studies conducted using ArcGIS Pro software. The most suitable locations of the proposed monorail systems were obtained by identifying the major Points Of Interest (POIs) in these areas. Synchro simulations of the systems with and without the monorail systems were performed. The results showed that the level of service at various intersections is improved, which can result in a significant reduction of the traffic congestion in these areas. The study also targeted different passengers and residents in the selected areas to evaluate the level of acceptance of the monorail system as an alternative transportation system in the state of Kuwait.
{"title":"Improving the Traffic Flow in Hot Arid Climate Areas by Implementing a Monorail Light Rail Transit System: Case of Kuwait","authors":"T. Ahmed, M. Salem, Ahmad Saad, A. Alaqqad","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.103.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.103.111","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the viability of establishing a monorail network system in Kuwait as an additional means of transportation to the current transportation systems. Two critical areas with high traffic demands were identified through the collected traffic data at the major intersections in these areas., These areas were Kuwait City (near the ministries area) and Al-Blajat street (known as the Arabian Gulf street). Traffic data and Level Of Service (LOS) of these areas were then analyzed using Synchro software, supported by site suitability studies conducted using ArcGIS Pro software. The most suitable locations of the proposed monorail systems were obtained by identifying the major Points Of Interest (POIs) in these areas. Synchro simulations of the systems with and without the monorail systems were performed. The results showed that the level of service at various intersections is improved, which can result in a significant reduction of the traffic congestion in these areas. The study also targeted different passengers and residents in the selected areas to evaluate the level of acceptance of the monorail system as an alternative transportation system in the state of Kuwait.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81679606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-23DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.94.102
K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian
To begin with, lack of water, declining quality of it and environmental restrictions caused to increase requirements of reusing wastewaters extremely. By industrialization and reduction of pressure on water sources, using water in industry has adequate potential to reduce costs in saving water and treatment of wastewater. Wastewater can be recycled direct and indirect based on the type and quality. There are different ways to reuse water according to progressed technology these days. Furthermore, using intelligently and reusing water with ultimate use of missed water in environment present a growing challenge in industrial management. According to availability restrictions of fresh water sources and their protection requirement, implementation of water recycling plans in water sustainable management strategy is crucial. By progressing of industrializing in developed countries, water consumption in industry has been increased simultaneous by five principal factors. One of the methods of limiting water consumption is reuse wastewater. Reduction of water consumption by industrializing can diminish water removal from local resources. Therefore, enhancement of water availability and improvement of social relations, increasing of input water’s efficiency, lowing off wastewater discharge and their pollutant loads, decrease expenses of thermal energy and process of principal costs are the most crucial factors. Finally, reusing of wastewaters has adequate potential for decreasing costs of any project as well as wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Water Reuse in Industry: Necessities and Possibilities","authors":"K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.94.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.94.102","url":null,"abstract":"To begin with, lack of water, declining quality of it and environmental restrictions caused to increase requirements of reusing wastewaters extremely. By industrialization and reduction of pressure on water sources, using water in industry has adequate potential to reduce costs in saving water and treatment of wastewater. Wastewater can be recycled direct and indirect based on the type and quality. There are different ways to reuse water according to progressed technology these days. Furthermore, using intelligently and reusing water with ultimate use of missed water in environment present a growing challenge in industrial management. According to availability restrictions of fresh water sources and their protection requirement, implementation of water recycling plans in water sustainable management strategy is crucial. By progressing of industrializing in developed countries, water consumption in industry has been increased simultaneous by five principal factors. One of the methods of limiting water consumption is reuse wastewater. Reduction of water consumption by industrializing can diminish water removal from local resources. Therefore, enhancement of water availability and improvement of social relations, increasing of input water’s efficiency, lowing off wastewater discharge and their pollutant loads, decrease expenses of thermal energy and process of principal costs are the most crucial factors. Finally, reusing of wastewaters has adequate potential for decreasing costs of any project as well as wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91212339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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