Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.88.100
Mohammad Yasir Abdul Hakim, Mohamed El-Zeadani, S. A. Osman
: Rising construction waste due to demolition work, natural disasters, and development is becoming a prominent issue. To tackle this, Recycled Crushed Brick Masonry Aggregate (RCBMA) can be an ideal replacement for the limited Natural Coarse Aggregates (NCA) in the production of concrete, potentially assisting in managing construction waste and reducing the depletion of NCA. As such, this study focused on assessing the suitability and establishing the optimum percentage of RCBMA as a replacement for NCA in concrete. To do so, five different concrete mixes were prepared where NCA was replaced by RCBMA at different percentages (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The effect of RCBMA on concrete was studied and analyzed for physical and mechanical properties including concrete slump, compressive strength, density, water absorption, and flexural strength. From the results, the workability of the concrete mixes were reduced by as much as 21.8 and 44.9% at 50 and 100% RCBMA replacement, respectively. Meanwhile, the water absorption increased with higher RCBMA replacement from 1.43 at 0% replacement to 7.76 at 100% replacement, indicating greater porosity at higher RCBMA replacement levels. The compressive strength was reduced with a rise in RCBMA replacement due to the lighter weight of RCBMA as compared to NCA. This reduction was as much as 48.72 and 63.14 at 50 and 100% RCBMA replacement of NCA. The same can be said about the flexural strength and density of concrete, where higher RCBMA replacement led to lower flexural strength and concrete density. It was concluded that a 25% RCBMA replacement does not severely affect the workability and mechanical strength of concrete (16.8 and 17% reduction in compressive and flexural strengths, respectively, as compared to the control samples) and thus can be used for structural concrete applications. The findings from this study illustrate the possibility of using RCBMA as a partial replacement for NCA, potentially assisting in reducing construction and demolition waste sustainably.
{"title":"Physical and Mechanical Properties of Concrete using Recycled Clay Bricks as Coarse Aggregate","authors":"Mohammad Yasir Abdul Hakim, Mohamed El-Zeadani, S. A. Osman","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.88.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.88.100","url":null,"abstract":": Rising construction waste due to demolition work, natural disasters, and development is becoming a prominent issue. To tackle this, Recycled Crushed Brick Masonry Aggregate (RCBMA) can be an ideal replacement for the limited Natural Coarse Aggregates (NCA) in the production of concrete, potentially assisting in managing construction waste and reducing the depletion of NCA. As such, this study focused on assessing the suitability and establishing the optimum percentage of RCBMA as a replacement for NCA in concrete. To do so, five different concrete mixes were prepared where NCA was replaced by RCBMA at different percentages (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The effect of RCBMA on concrete was studied and analyzed for physical and mechanical properties including concrete slump, compressive strength, density, water absorption, and flexural strength. From the results, the workability of the concrete mixes were reduced by as much as 21.8 and 44.9% at 50 and 100% RCBMA replacement, respectively. Meanwhile, the water absorption increased with higher RCBMA replacement from 1.43 at 0% replacement to 7.76 at 100% replacement, indicating greater porosity at higher RCBMA replacement levels. The compressive strength was reduced with a rise in RCBMA replacement due to the lighter weight of RCBMA as compared to NCA. This reduction was as much as 48.72 and 63.14 at 50 and 100% RCBMA replacement of NCA. The same can be said about the flexural strength and density of concrete, where higher RCBMA replacement led to lower flexural strength and concrete density. It was concluded that a 25% RCBMA replacement does not severely affect the workability and mechanical strength of concrete (16.8 and 17% reduction in compressive and flexural strengths, respectively, as compared to the control samples) and thus can be used for structural concrete applications. The findings from this study illustrate the possibility of using RCBMA as a partial replacement for NCA, potentially assisting in reducing construction and demolition waste sustainably.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86205907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.118.125
O. Teniola, Abraham A. Adeleke, S. Ibitoye, Moshood Deinde Shitu
Corresponding Author: Oluwasanmi Samuel Teniola Department of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria Email: oluwasanmi_teni@yahoo.com Abstract: In this research, refractory gold ore from Imogbara deposit in Iperindo area of Osun state Nigeria were collected systematically from various segments of the deposits at different depths to obtain a set of samples that truly represent the deposits. The 50 kg sample collected was subjected to panning in a flowing river to obtain about 1 kg-upgraded sample. The upgraded sample was air dried for few days, pulverized to pass through 300 μm sized sieve and concentrated using shaking table. About 50 g of the gold concentrate was roasted in a furnace operated at temperature of 850°C with a slightly opened door. Reflected light and thin section microscopic observation of the ore sample was carried out. Samples of As-received and roasted gold concentrate from 80% passing 75 μm were leached in a single stage leaching using 3 factorials at temperature of 90°C, with aqua regia prepared from HCl and HNO3 concentration of 1M, 2M and 4M, leaching time 30, 60 and 90 min. The leaching was done using an oven operated at 90°C and a magnetic stirrer operated at 300 rpm at a temperature of 80°C. Leachates from combinations that gave the bestleached result were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Roasted sample leached with high acid concentration of 4M and low time of leaching on a magnetic stirrer operated at a speed of 300 rpm at temperature of 90°C gave the highest percentage of weight loss of 6.58%. The AAS test carried out on the roasted sample leachate confirms gold concentration of 2.2 g/t.
{"title":"Leaching of a Nigerian Refractory Gold Ore Using Aqua Regia","authors":"O. Teniola, Abraham A. Adeleke, S. Ibitoye, Moshood Deinde Shitu","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.118.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.118.125","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Oluwasanmi Samuel Teniola Department of Chemical and Minerals Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria Email: oluwasanmi_teni@yahoo.com Abstract: In this research, refractory gold ore from Imogbara deposit in Iperindo area of Osun state Nigeria were collected systematically from various segments of the deposits at different depths to obtain a set of samples that truly represent the deposits. The 50 kg sample collected was subjected to panning in a flowing river to obtain about 1 kg-upgraded sample. The upgraded sample was air dried for few days, pulverized to pass through 300 μm sized sieve and concentrated using shaking table. About 50 g of the gold concentrate was roasted in a furnace operated at temperature of 850°C with a slightly opened door. Reflected light and thin section microscopic observation of the ore sample was carried out. Samples of As-received and roasted gold concentrate from 80% passing 75 μm were leached in a single stage leaching using 3 factorials at temperature of 90°C, with aqua regia prepared from HCl and HNO3 concentration of 1M, 2M and 4M, leaching time 30, 60 and 90 min. The leaching was done using an oven operated at 90°C and a magnetic stirrer operated at 300 rpm at a temperature of 80°C. Leachates from combinations that gave the bestleached result were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Roasted sample leached with high acid concentration of 4M and low time of leaching on a magnetic stirrer operated at a speed of 300 rpm at temperature of 90°C gave the highest percentage of weight loss of 6.58%. The AAS test carried out on the roasted sample leachate confirms gold concentration of 2.2 g/t.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77561316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.230.238
Antreas Kantaros, D. Piromalis
: The present article contains a study about utilizing the Digital Twins concept in the field of contemporary agricultural production. Through this study, an exemplary architecture has been developed regarding the conversion of a conventional greenhouse to a digital greenhouse. A digital greenhouse modus operandi features a great number of advantages compared with the traditional workflow in a conventional greenhouse. The purpose of the work is to propose tools for assisting the possible reduction of the consumption of the used resources for the crops. This requires the application of automation of tools for cultivation such as Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA). The article shows that the Digital Twins concept can immensely contribute towards controlling the agricultural environment and at the same time improve performance and quality while reducing the consumption of resources for a variety of crops. The proposed workflow starts by identifying the parameters that need to be taken into account and finally proposes several cyber and physical tools for setting up a Digital Twin for the case of a greenhouse. The objective of this study was the development of a DT architecture that would be able to optimize productivity in the context of CEA applications.
{"title":"Setting up a Digital Twin Assisted Greenhouse Architecture","authors":"Antreas Kantaros, D. Piromalis","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.230.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.230.238","url":null,"abstract":": The present article contains a study about utilizing the Digital Twins concept in the field of contemporary agricultural production. Through this study, an exemplary architecture has been developed regarding the conversion of a conventional greenhouse to a digital greenhouse. A digital greenhouse modus operandi features a great number of advantages compared with the traditional workflow in a conventional greenhouse. The purpose of the work is to propose tools for assisting the possible reduction of the consumption of the used resources for the crops. This requires the application of automation of tools for cultivation such as Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA). The article shows that the Digital Twins concept can immensely contribute towards controlling the agricultural environment and at the same time improve performance and quality while reducing the consumption of resources for a variety of crops. The proposed workflow starts by identifying the parameters that need to be taken into account and finally proposes several cyber and physical tools for setting up a Digital Twin for the case of a greenhouse. The objective of this study was the development of a DT architecture that would be able to optimize productivity in the context of CEA applications.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84670775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.1.8
P. Ashrafi, A. Ashrafi, H. Gholami, M. Soltani, S. Pazdar, Shahide Dehghan
Department of Architecture and Art, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Architectural Engineering, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, Iran Department of Civil Engineering, Aghigh University, Shahinshahr, Isfahan, Iran Department of Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
{"title":"Evaluation of Surface Drag Interval in the Variable Situations","authors":"P. Ashrafi, A. Ashrafi, H. Gholami, M. Soltani, S. Pazdar, Shahide Dehghan","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Architecture and Art, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Architectural Engineering, Shahinshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahinshahr, Iran Department of Civil Engineering, Aghigh University, Shahinshahr, Isfahan, Iran Department of Geography, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81118483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.51.58
Milad Baftipour, H. Jarahi, G. Polat, Sedigheh Seifilaleh
Corresponding Author: Hadi Jarahi Department of Geosciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran Email: hadijarahi@gmail.com Abstract: On 7 May 2020, the Damavand earthquake with magnitude 5.1 occurred at 55 km east of Tehran city, which has a population of over 15 million people. This earthquake caused a seismic hazard for the capital of Iran. In this study, this earthquake was assessed to understand whether it will cause any seismic disaster. There is a doubt about the dip of the earthquake fault because the hypocenter position, as well as the aftershocks, correspond to the surface outcrop of the Mosha fault. However, according to the declared slope for this fault, the epicenter of the earthquake should be located in a belt parallel to the fault and at a distance of 3 to 10 km. The significant observation of this study is that the Damavand earthquake was produced by the Mosha fault according to the information of the focal mechanism. The slope of the fault in this study was estimated to be 90 degrees. By the findings of this study, the seismic hazard of the city of Tehran was thus investigated. The results exhibit that the city is under seismic risk. Therefore, we can suggest that we should take precautions against a possible devastating earthquake.
{"title":"Damavand Earthquake of 2020 the Mainshock or an Alarm for Disaster for the Capital of Iran","authors":"Milad Baftipour, H. Jarahi, G. Polat, Sedigheh Seifilaleh","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.51.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.51.58","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Hadi Jarahi Department of Geosciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran Email: hadijarahi@gmail.com Abstract: On 7 May 2020, the Damavand earthquake with magnitude 5.1 occurred at 55 km east of Tehran city, which has a population of over 15 million people. This earthquake caused a seismic hazard for the capital of Iran. In this study, this earthquake was assessed to understand whether it will cause any seismic disaster. There is a doubt about the dip of the earthquake fault because the hypocenter position, as well as the aftershocks, correspond to the surface outcrop of the Mosha fault. However, according to the declared slope for this fault, the epicenter of the earthquake should be located in a belt parallel to the fault and at a distance of 3 to 10 km. The significant observation of this study is that the Damavand earthquake was produced by the Mosha fault according to the information of the focal mechanism. The slope of the fault in this study was estimated to be 90 degrees. By the findings of this study, the seismic hazard of the city of Tehran was thus investigated. The results exhibit that the city is under seismic risk. Therefore, we can suggest that we should take precautions against a possible devastating earthquake.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74814767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2022.43.50
N. Y. Godi
Email: nahumgodi@yahoo.co.uk Abstract: The application of microchannel heat exchangers for cooling is documented in this study. Numerical optimization is carried out with the goal of minimising the peak wall temperature in the microchannel heat sink modelled with solid and half hollow square micro fins. A high-density heat flux q'' from a microelectronic device was applied at the bottom wall of the microchannel heat sink with circular flow channel embedded in a highly conductive rectangular block aluminium substrate. Single phase water was used as coolant to remove the deposited heat at the internal channel walls and in the internal surfaces of half hollow square fins, while cool air stream flows externally over the vertical fins in a forced convection laminar regime to take away the excess heat on the micro square fins. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code was employed to descretised and solve the governing equations. The results of numerical optimization showed that the combined microchannels with solid square fins has the highest global thermal conductance than the microchannel with half hollow square fins. The limiting case of a single microchannel heat sink without fins agrees with what is in open literature.
{"title":"Geometric Optimization of Complex Heat Exchangers using Constructal Technique","authors":"N. Y. Godi","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2022.43.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2022.43.50","url":null,"abstract":"Email: nahumgodi@yahoo.co.uk Abstract: The application of microchannel heat exchangers for cooling is documented in this study. Numerical optimization is carried out with the goal of minimising the peak wall temperature in the microchannel heat sink modelled with solid and half hollow square micro fins. A high-density heat flux q'' from a microelectronic device was applied at the bottom wall of the microchannel heat sink with circular flow channel embedded in a highly conductive rectangular block aluminium substrate. Single phase water was used as coolant to remove the deposited heat at the internal channel walls and in the internal surfaces of half hollow square fins, while cool air stream flows externally over the vertical fins in a forced convection laminar regime to take away the excess heat on the micro square fins. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code was employed to descretised and solve the governing equations. The results of numerical optimization showed that the combined microchannels with solid square fins has the highest global thermal conductance than the microchannel with half hollow square fins. The limiting case of a single microchannel heat sink without fins agrees with what is in open literature.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82336905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.20944/preprints202109.0483.v1
Geronimo Macias, Kooktae Lee
In this paper, a new design of a helium-assisted hybrid drone is proposed for flight time enhancement. As is widely known, most of the drones with a VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) feature have a short operation time, limiting their capability to carry out sustainable operations for the given missions. Thus, with the clear goal of enhancing the flight time, this study aims to develop a hybrid drone system, where a helium balloon is used to provide a lifting force for this purpose. The proposed design for the hybrid drone has several benefits including easiness to manufacture and relatively small size when compared to other types of hybrid drones. Various analyses are conducted for the design of the hybrid drone system including the balloon shape and size, buoyant force, flight time, and connector design. Since stability and performance are one of the most important issues for the new design, the pole location analysis is conducted based on the control theory. This rigorous analysis provides that the proposed hybrid drone design is stable as well as robust against swinging motions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed design and flight time enhancement, simulations were conducted and experimental results are also provided using the manufactured hybrid drone system. Through the real experiments, it is proved that the hybrid drone can increase the flight time more than 2.5 times while guaranteeing stable motions.
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a Helium-Assisted Hybrid Drone for Flight Time Enhancement","authors":"Geronimo Macias, Kooktae Lee","doi":"10.20944/preprints202109.0483.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202109.0483.v1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new design of a helium-assisted hybrid drone is proposed for flight time enhancement. As is widely known, most of the drones with a VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) feature have a short operation time, limiting their capability to carry out sustainable operations for the given missions. Thus, with the clear goal of enhancing the flight time, this study aims to develop a hybrid drone system, where a helium balloon is used to provide a lifting force for this purpose. The proposed design for the hybrid drone has several benefits including easiness to manufacture and relatively small size when compared to other types of hybrid drones. Various analyses are conducted for the design of the hybrid drone system including the balloon shape and size, buoyant force, flight time, and connector design. Since stability and performance are one of the most important issues for the new design, the pole location analysis is conducted based on the control theory. This rigorous analysis provides that the proposed hybrid drone design is stable as well as robust against swinging motions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed design and flight time enhancement, simulations were conducted and experimental results are also provided using the manufactured hybrid drone system. Through the real experiments, it is proved that the hybrid drone can increase the flight time more than 2.5 times while guaranteeing stable motions.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79352065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.323.336
José I. S. da Silva, Liliana Félix, Mariana Vieira, Victória Caroline Veloso Meireles, Edilailsa Januário de Melo, Rogério Alexandre Alves de Melo
Corresponding Author: José Izaquiel Santos da Silva Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (ICT/UFVJM), Diamantina MG, Brazil Email: izaquiel@ict.ufvjm.edu.br Abstract: Biofuels are present in the global scenario as an energy source derived from organic biomass, representing an economic and environmental alternative. They are a renewable source of energy with low rates of pollutants emissions and, consequently, less carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. The obtaining of bioethanol is originated from a fermentation process, in which a multi-component mix is generated and the anhydrous bioethanol is separated. To obtain such compounds, some operations are required, such as extractive distillation, where solvents are added in order to “break” the ethanol-water azeotrope. In the present work two solvents were used: Glycerol and the ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4]. Starting from a multi-component mixture composed by ethanol, water, acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol, the bioethanol purification process was simulated using the computational tool Aspen Plus® simulator. Through a comparative analysis, it was possible to determine which solvent presented the best performance, where operational parameters such as the reflux ratio, distillate rate and the solvent flow were analyzed. The purity degree of 99.7% in mass and an approximate production of 2764 kg/h of anhydrous bioethanol were fixed and the results showed that glycerol was the solvent that presented greater economic and environmental viability for the process, considering the operational parameters mentioned above.
{"title":"Simulation of Production of Anhydrous Bioethanol using Glycerol and 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolyl-Tetrafluoroborate in the Aspen Plus Simulator","authors":"José I. S. da Silva, Liliana Félix, Mariana Vieira, Victória Caroline Veloso Meireles, Edilailsa Januário de Melo, Rogério Alexandre Alves de Melo","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.323.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.323.336","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: José Izaquiel Santos da Silva Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (ICT/UFVJM), Diamantina MG, Brazil Email: izaquiel@ict.ufvjm.edu.br Abstract: Biofuels are present in the global scenario as an energy source derived from organic biomass, representing an economic and environmental alternative. They are a renewable source of energy with low rates of pollutants emissions and, consequently, less carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. The obtaining of bioethanol is originated from a fermentation process, in which a multi-component mix is generated and the anhydrous bioethanol is separated. To obtain such compounds, some operations are required, such as extractive distillation, where solvents are added in order to “break” the ethanol-water azeotrope. In the present work two solvents were used: Glycerol and the ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4]. Starting from a multi-component mixture composed by ethanol, water, acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol, the bioethanol purification process was simulated using the computational tool Aspen Plus® simulator. Through a comparative analysis, it was possible to determine which solvent presented the best performance, where operational parameters such as the reflux ratio, distillate rate and the solvent flow were analyzed. The purity degree of 99.7% in mass and an approximate production of 2764 kg/h of anhydrous bioethanol were fixed and the results showed that glycerol was the solvent that presented greater economic and environmental viability for the process, considering the operational parameters mentioned above.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"323-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86998012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.314.322
T. Abu-lebdeh, O. Kalejaiye
Corresponding Author: Taher M. Abu-Lebdeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC27411, USA Email: taher@ncat.edu Abstract: Powder packing is a very important aspect of additive manufacturing (3-D printing), as it directly impacts the final physical and mechanical properties of the printed objects. Improving the packing density of powder directly impacts the microstructure of the finished 3D-printed product, which also contributes to the surface finish. In order to achieve the densest packing for a powder, different sizes of that powder must be mixed together in such a way that we minimize the voids, thereby increasing the density of the powder. To achieve this, a model that predicts the volume fraction of each powder grade becomes necessary to predict the maximum possible powder density. A wide variety of models have been developed for packing density which can be classified as: Binary Mixture Models, Ternary Mixture Models and Multi-Component Mixture Models. In this project, the Furnas ternary model and the modified Toufar binary model were used to evaluate the packing density of Boron powder. Two sets of Boron powders were used for the analysis: First set: d10 = 75 μm, d50 = 90 μm, d90 = 106 μm and the second set: d10 = 3.11 μm, d50 = 14.0 μm, d90 = 30.2 μm. The three different sizes of each powder were randomly mixed to obtain the maximum packing density and compared with the theoretical packing density obtained by Furnas ternary model. The three sizes were then reduced to two sizes to obtain the packing density and compare the result with the modified Toufar binary model. Different mix rations were performed to evaluate the results obtained from both Furnas model and modified Toufar model. Results indicated that the models accurately predicted the maximum density of metal powder. Packing density obtained experimentally was 1.73 g/cm at a mix ratio (coarse: Fine) of 89:11, while the values obtained by Furnas model and modified Toufar were 1.72 at 87:13 mix and 1.73 g/cm at 89:11 mix respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation of Binary and Ternary Models in Powder Packing Density for Additive Manufacturing Applications","authors":"T. Abu-lebdeh, O. Kalejaiye","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.314.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.314.322","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Taher M. Abu-Lebdeh Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC27411, USA Email: taher@ncat.edu Abstract: Powder packing is a very important aspect of additive manufacturing (3-D printing), as it directly impacts the final physical and mechanical properties of the printed objects. Improving the packing density of powder directly impacts the microstructure of the finished 3D-printed product, which also contributes to the surface finish. In order to achieve the densest packing for a powder, different sizes of that powder must be mixed together in such a way that we minimize the voids, thereby increasing the density of the powder. To achieve this, a model that predicts the volume fraction of each powder grade becomes necessary to predict the maximum possible powder density. A wide variety of models have been developed for packing density which can be classified as: Binary Mixture Models, Ternary Mixture Models and Multi-Component Mixture Models. In this project, the Furnas ternary model and the modified Toufar binary model were used to evaluate the packing density of Boron powder. Two sets of Boron powders were used for the analysis: First set: d10 = 75 μm, d50 = 90 μm, d90 = 106 μm and the second set: d10 = 3.11 μm, d50 = 14.0 μm, d90 = 30.2 μm. The three different sizes of each powder were randomly mixed to obtain the maximum packing density and compared with the theoretical packing density obtained by Furnas ternary model. The three sizes were then reduced to two sizes to obtain the packing density and compare the result with the modified Toufar binary model. Different mix rations were performed to evaluate the results obtained from both Furnas model and modified Toufar model. Results indicated that the models accurately predicted the maximum density of metal powder. Packing density obtained experimentally was 1.73 g/cm at a mix ratio (coarse: Fine) of 89:11, while the values obtained by Furnas model and modified Toufar were 1.72 at 87:13 mix and 1.73 g/cm at 89:11 mix respectively.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"314-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90118337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.308.313
S. Eslamian, M. Abdolhoseini, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, V. Singh
Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, 321 Scoates Hall, 2117 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2117, USA
{"title":"An Investigation on the Systems of Collecting and Extracting Greywater from Surface Water and Wastewater","authors":"S. Eslamian, M. Abdolhoseini, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, V. Singh","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.308.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2021.308.313","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A and M University, 321 Scoates Hall, 2117 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843-2117, USA","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"176 12 1","pages":"308-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91544865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：