Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307116
Esraa El gizawy, Somaia Mohamed, W. El-Kholy, Ghada Moharram
: Background: The ability to understand speech in background noise is a crucial skill for proper communication. Understanding speech through noise is a skill that develops well through adolescence. Spatial listening is the capacity of the auditory system to interpret different spatial paths by which sounds may reach the head. It is used to isolate speech stream from simultaneous noise. Aim of the work: To develop an Arabic test to evaluate spatial processing in children and to standardize the developed test on normal Arabic-speaking children. Methods: Sixty normal hearing children classified into three subgroups. They were tested in a sound treated room using newly developed spatial listening material. The total number of the sentences were 128 sentences which were divided into 16 lists. The first 8 lists were recorded by female voice and the other 8 lists were recorded by male voice. They were mixed using Audacity software with story noise. Four test conditions were examined according to location of target sentences in relation to noise and type of voice. Scoring was done by measuring the SNR 50% which is the level at which the child repeated 50% of the number of words per list. Results: The performance data of the entire study group and subgroups according to age were calculated. The 95% confidence limits were calculated to determine the cut off points for abnormal scores as a function of age for each of the three subgroups. Conclusion: Spatial listening test was developed and standardized for assessment of spatial listening in Arabic-speaking children with age ranging from 6-12 years.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF AN ARABIC TEST FOR SPATIAL LISTENING IN CHILDREN","authors":"Esraa El gizawy, Somaia Mohamed, W. El-Kholy, Ghada Moharram","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307116","url":null,"abstract":": Background: The ability to understand speech in background noise is a crucial skill for proper communication. Understanding speech through noise is a skill that develops well through adolescence. Spatial listening is the capacity of the auditory system to interpret different spatial paths by which sounds may reach the head. It is used to isolate speech stream from simultaneous noise. Aim of the work: To develop an Arabic test to evaluate spatial processing in children and to standardize the developed test on normal Arabic-speaking children. Methods: Sixty normal hearing children classified into three subgroups. They were tested in a sound treated room using newly developed spatial listening material. The total number of the sentences were 128 sentences which were divided into 16 lists. The first 8 lists were recorded by female voice and the other 8 lists were recorded by male voice. They were mixed using Audacity software with story noise. Four test conditions were examined according to location of target sentences in relation to noise and type of voice. Scoring was done by measuring the SNR 50% which is the level at which the child repeated 50% of the number of words per list. Results: The performance data of the entire study group and subgroups according to age were calculated. The 95% confidence limits were calculated to determine the cut off points for abnormal scores as a function of age for each of the three subgroups. Conclusion: Spatial listening test was developed and standardized for assessment of spatial listening in Arabic-speaking children with age ranging from 6-12 years.","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83654965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307128
A. bedier, A. Osman, A. Elshal
: Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome that involves multiple forms of myocardial ischemia, as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), also unstable angina pectoris (UA). SYNTAX score predicts prognosis in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and ACS cases. Use of Syntax score II (SS II) shows an increase in ACS prognostic accuracy. Aim: We aim to evaluate the correlation between Interleukin 6 (IL-6) values and CAD severity after PCI in ACS patients. Methods: Our study was done in the cardiology department, Mansoura university from January to March 2023. The study was conducted on 120 patients. In this study, patients suffering from chest pain that were admitted performing coronary angiography were included. Patients being classified into an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) group (individuals with diseased vessels exhibiting>50% luminal stenosis). In order to find predictive value of intermediate-high SS or highly SS II, multivariate logistic regression was performed. A ROC curve was utilized to predict the levels of IL-6. Results: For ACS differentiation from SA, IL-6 cutoff value 1.89 has sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 92% (P<0.0001). For SS≤ 22, IL-6 cutoff value 3.24 has sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 91.7% (P<0.0001). For SS II≤ 25, IL-6 cutoff value 1.92 has sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 88.6% (P=0.23). Conclusion: IL-6 concentrations are in direct correlation with the degree of CAD in ACS patients undergoing PCI. Thus, IL-6 levels might be a practical and non-invasive indicator for ACS patients who are at elevated risk.
{"title":"THE VALUE OF SERUM IL-6 LEVELS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION AND ITS RELATION TO SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE BY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY","authors":"A. bedier, A. Osman, A. Elshal","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307128","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome that involves multiple forms of myocardial ischemia, as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), also unstable angina pectoris (UA). SYNTAX score predicts prognosis in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and ACS cases. Use of Syntax score II (SS II) shows an increase in ACS prognostic accuracy. Aim: We aim to evaluate the correlation between Interleukin 6 (IL-6) values and CAD severity after PCI in ACS patients. Methods: Our study was done in the cardiology department, Mansoura university from January to March 2023. The study was conducted on 120 patients. In this study, patients suffering from chest pain that were admitted performing coronary angiography were included. Patients being classified into an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group and chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) group (individuals with diseased vessels exhibiting>50% luminal stenosis). In order to find predictive value of intermediate-high SS or highly SS II, multivariate logistic regression was performed. A ROC curve was utilized to predict the levels of IL-6. Results: For ACS differentiation from SA, IL-6 cutoff value 1.89 has sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 92% (P<0.0001). For SS≤ 22, IL-6 cutoff value 3.24 has sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 91.7% (P<0.0001). For SS II≤ 25, IL-6 cutoff value 1.92 has sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 88.6% (P=0.23). Conclusion: IL-6 concentrations are in direct correlation with the degree of CAD in ACS patients undergoing PCI. Thus, IL-6 levels might be a practical and non-invasive indicator for ACS patients who are at elevated risk.","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77271176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307131
H. Radwan, Soliman Emam, Mohamed Awdi, Ahmed Shaker
: Background: Dipper hypertension referred to a drop of more than 10% in nocturnal blood pressure during the circadian rhythm while a decrease less than 10 % is referred to non-dipper. Coronary slow flow is associated with severe cardiovascular complications myocardial ischemia, malignant arrhythmias, and cardiovascular mortality. Aim of the work: We aimed to examine the relationship between circadian blood pressure pattern and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count, which is an indicator for coronary slow flow. Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that included patients with symptoms of typical chest pain or angina equivalent with or without stress test who underwent elective coronary angiography, and their blood pressures were followed up with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The patients were divided as dipper and non-dipper hypertensives. The data of ABPM and the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count were compared between the compared groups. Results: A total of 60 patients (26 males and 24 females) were included. Twenty-three patients were in the dipper group and 37 patients in the non-dipper group. Regarding ABPM over 24 hours, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP and pulse pressure (PP) than the dipper group. Regarding daytime ABPM, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP, and PP than the dipper group. Regarding nighttime ABPM, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP, mean diastolic BP, and PP than the dipper group. Conclusion: Coronary slow flow diagnosis with higher TIMI frame count was observed to be higher in non-dipper hypertensive patients in comparison to in dipper hypertensives.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE PATTERN AND CORONARY SLOW FLOW","authors":"H. Radwan, Soliman Emam, Mohamed Awdi, Ahmed Shaker","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307131","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Dipper hypertension referred to a drop of more than 10% in nocturnal blood pressure during the circadian rhythm while a decrease less than 10 % is referred to non-dipper. Coronary slow flow is associated with severe cardiovascular complications myocardial ischemia, malignant arrhythmias, and cardiovascular mortality. Aim of the work: We aimed to examine the relationship between circadian blood pressure pattern and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count, which is an indicator for coronary slow flow. Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study that included patients with symptoms of typical chest pain or angina equivalent with or without stress test who underwent elective coronary angiography, and their blood pressures were followed up with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The patients were divided as dipper and non-dipper hypertensives. The data of ABPM and the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count were compared between the compared groups. Results: A total of 60 patients (26 males and 24 females) were included. Twenty-three patients were in the dipper group and 37 patients in the non-dipper group. Regarding ABPM over 24 hours, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP and pulse pressure (PP) than the dipper group. Regarding daytime ABPM, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP, and PP than the dipper group. Regarding nighttime ABPM, the non-dipper group had higher levels in terms of mean BP, mean systolic BP, mean diastolic BP, and PP than the dipper group. Conclusion: Coronary slow flow diagnosis with higher TIMI frame count was observed to be higher in non-dipper hypertensive patients in comparison to in dipper hypertensives.","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91545559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307117
M. Abdelfatah, Abdelrahman El Gayar, Mostafa Ghobashy, Sameh Hefny
: Background: The classic-teaching craniotomy for the venous-sparing approach to a parasagittal meningioma (PSM) crosses the midline. This crossing might endanger the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the venous lacunae. Accordingly, some consultants employ the technique of not crossing the midline with the craniotomy in the venous-sparing approach for a unilateral PSM. Aim: This study aimed to assess the recurrence of parasagittal meningiomas after Simpson grade II excision through unilateral craniotomies not crossing the midline. Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgical excision of a PSM at our university hospital from 2008 to 2016. The inclusion criteria were PSM that were Simpson Grade II excised through unilateral craniotomies without crossing the midline. We included 72 nonconsecutive cases. Results: The mean age of the included patients was 58.7 years. The mean follow-up period was 103.4 months. Thirty-one cases were followed for more than ten years. The performed craniotomies were uneventful. There was no reported incidence of any venous injuries. There was no operative mortality and no persistent neurologic deficit. The five-year recurrence rate was 4.1%. The ten-year recurrence rate among the thirty-one cases with long follow-ups was 16.1%. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of the parasagittal meningiomas excised through unilateral craniotomies not crossing the midline was comparable to that of other studies that performed craniotomies crossing the midline. The results indicated that it may be unnecessary to cross the midline with the craniotomy for the
{"title":"RECURRENCE OF PARASAGITTAL MENINGIOMAS FOLLOWING SIMPSON GRADE II EXCISION THROUGH UNILATERAL CRANIOTOMIES NOT CROSSING THE MIDLINE","authors":"M. Abdelfatah, Abdelrahman El Gayar, Mostafa Ghobashy, Sameh Hefny","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307117","url":null,"abstract":": Background: The classic-teaching craniotomy for the venous-sparing approach to a parasagittal meningioma (PSM) crosses the midline. This crossing might endanger the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and the venous lacunae. Accordingly, some consultants employ the technique of not crossing the midline with the craniotomy in the venous-sparing approach for a unilateral PSM. Aim: This study aimed to assess the recurrence of parasagittal meningiomas after Simpson grade II excision through unilateral craniotomies not crossing the midline. Methods: The study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent surgical excision of a PSM at our university hospital from 2008 to 2016. The inclusion criteria were PSM that were Simpson Grade II excised through unilateral craniotomies without crossing the midline. We included 72 nonconsecutive cases. Results: The mean age of the included patients was 58.7 years. The mean follow-up period was 103.4 months. Thirty-one cases were followed for more than ten years. The performed craniotomies were uneventful. There was no reported incidence of any venous injuries. There was no operative mortality and no persistent neurologic deficit. The five-year recurrence rate was 4.1%. The ten-year recurrence rate among the thirty-one cases with long follow-ups was 16.1%. Conclusion: The recurrence rate of the parasagittal meningiomas excised through unilateral craniotomies not crossing the midline was comparable to that of other studies that performed craniotomies crossing the midline. The results indicated that it may be unnecessary to cross the midline with the craniotomy for the","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80538854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307101
Mirna Abouelella, K. Nasr, A. Saad, N. Mosalam, H. Elghazawy, L. Ahmed
: Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in high-income countries. Several studies have demonstrated the prognostic importance of different parameters including the histological subtypes, grade, stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, positive peritoneal cytology and cervical involvement. Aim of the Work: To analyse retrospectively epidemiological, clinicopathological features, treatment strategies and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with EC. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study that included 65 patients diagnosed with EC attending the gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies clinic at the Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University, in the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 61 years, most of the patients 90.8% were postmenopausal and the mean BMI was 38.7 kg/m2. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 83%, with a mean of 57.8 months, and the 5-year disease free survival was 79% with a mean of 49 months. Among the prognostic factors that were analyzed, only FIGO stage and depth of myometrial invasion showed statistically significant impact on survival. The 5-year OS was 100% for stage IA, 81% for stage IB, 88.9% for stage II, 83% for stage IIIA, 66.7% for stage IIIB and none of those with stage IIIC survived till the end of our study (p<0.001). The 5-year OS for those with myometrial invasion <50% was 100% while those with myometrial invasion ≥50% was 76% (p=0.025). Conclusion: We conclude that the FIGO stage and depth of myometrial invasion are the most significant prognostic factors and strong predictors of survival.
{"title":"CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PATIENTS WITH ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA IN CLINICAL ONCOLOGY DEPARTMENT IN AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS IN EGYPT","authors":"Mirna Abouelella, K. Nasr, A. Saad, N. Mosalam, H. Elghazawy, L. Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307101","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynaecological malignancy in high-income countries. Several studies have demonstrated the prognostic importance of different parameters including the histological subtypes, grade, stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement, positive peritoneal cytology and cervical involvement. Aim of the Work: To analyse retrospectively epidemiological, clinicopathological features, treatment strategies and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with EC. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study that included 65 patients diagnosed with EC attending the gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies clinic at the Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University, in the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 61 years, most of the patients 90.8% were postmenopausal and the mean BMI was 38.7 kg/m2. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 83%, with a mean of 57.8 months, and the 5-year disease free survival was 79% with a mean of 49 months. Among the prognostic factors that were analyzed, only FIGO stage and depth of myometrial invasion showed statistically significant impact on survival. The 5-year OS was 100% for stage IA, 81% for stage IB, 88.9% for stage II, 83% for stage IIIA, 66.7% for stage IIIB and none of those with stage IIIC survived till the end of our study (p<0.001). The 5-year OS for those with myometrial invasion <50% was 100% while those with myometrial invasion ≥50% was 76% (p=0.025). Conclusion: We conclude that the FIGO stage and depth of myometrial invasion are the most significant prognostic factors and strong predictors of survival.","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83566676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307098
A. Abdelaal, A. Nofal, D. Elkhodary, N. Gobran, M. Ellithy
: Background: Patients with activating somatic mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have better prognosis when treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) as the standard treatment of care in advanced stage NSCLC. Aim of the work: To study the impact of EGFR mutation on prognosis of advanced stage non-squamous NSCLC. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective-cohort study of stage IV non squamous non-small cell lung cancer (January 2019-june2021). This study was done at both Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department Ain Shams university Hospital and Nasser Institute Cancer Centre for research and treatment (NICC) EGFR mutation status, treatment, progression free survival, overall survival and response rate were evaluated. Primary end point: progression free survival of stage IV NSCLC with wild type and mutant EGFR. Secondary end point: overall survival of stage IV NSCLC with EGFR mutation and wild type, response rate to treatment. Results: From the 87 patients which performed screening for EGFR mutations, 20 (23%) had mutations, while 64 (73%) had wild type EGFR. The
{"title":"IMPACT OF EGFR MUTATION ON PROGNOSIS OF STAGE IV NON-SQUAMOUS NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER NSCLC: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS","authors":"A. Abdelaal, A. Nofal, D. Elkhodary, N. Gobran, M. Ellithy","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307098","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Patients with activating somatic mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have better prognosis when treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) as the standard treatment of care in advanced stage NSCLC. Aim of the work: To study the impact of EGFR mutation on prognosis of advanced stage non-squamous NSCLC. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective-cohort study of stage IV non squamous non-small cell lung cancer (January 2019-june2021). This study was done at both Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine department Ain Shams university Hospital and Nasser Institute Cancer Centre for research and treatment (NICC) EGFR mutation status, treatment, progression free survival, overall survival and response rate were evaluated. Primary end point: progression free survival of stage IV NSCLC with wild type and mutant EGFR. Secondary end point: overall survival of stage IV NSCLC with EGFR mutation and wild type, response rate to treatment. Results: From the 87 patients which performed screening for EGFR mutations, 20 (23%) had mutations, while 64 (73%) had wild type EGFR. The","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"562 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77253345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307087
Nahla Nagib, F. Elrakhawy, N. El-Nefiawy
: Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders which affects communication, cognition and behavior. It is termed as a “spectrum” disorder because of the wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience. Symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. Aim of the work : To summarize evidence on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ASD and role of experimental animals. Observations: Pathogenesis of ASD represents an area of great uncertainty and yet the many postulated mechanisms are poorly understood. Several theories to regarding ASD pathogenesis exist; neural connectivity, neural migration, and excitatory-inhibitory neural activity. Immune disturbances and glial cell dysfunction were also presumed to play a role. There is still no direct and definite mechanism explaining the pathogenesis of ASD. Diagnosis of ASD can be difficult but it is crucial to ensure receiving support and help as soon as possible. ASDs are generally not “curable,” but the main goals of treatment are to lessen associated deficits and family distress, and to increase quality of life and functional independence. Medical, behavioral, or complementary and alternative lines of treatment are employed. Animal models of autism are being developed to meet the urging need for investigating the underlying causes of ASD and to find the proper medication to help treat the condition or control its symptoms. Conclusion: The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder is so far unknown. Further work is needed to broaden the horizons on the understanding of ASD.
{"title":"SPECTRUM DISORDERS CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AUTISM WITH REFERENCE TO THE ROLE OF ANIMAL MODELS","authors":"Nahla Nagib, F. Elrakhawy, N. El-Nefiawy","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307087","url":null,"abstract":": Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders which affects communication, cognition and behavior. It is termed as a “spectrum” disorder because of the wide variation in the type and severity of symptoms people experience. Symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. Aim of the work : To summarize evidence on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ASD and role of experimental animals. Observations: Pathogenesis of ASD represents an area of great uncertainty and yet the many postulated mechanisms are poorly understood. Several theories to regarding ASD pathogenesis exist; neural connectivity, neural migration, and excitatory-inhibitory neural activity. Immune disturbances and glial cell dysfunction were also presumed to play a role. There is still no direct and definite mechanism explaining the pathogenesis of ASD. Diagnosis of ASD can be difficult but it is crucial to ensure receiving support and help as soon as possible. ASDs are generally not “curable,” but the main goals of treatment are to lessen associated deficits and family distress, and to increase quality of life and functional independence. Medical, behavioral, or complementary and alternative lines of treatment are employed. Animal models of autism are being developed to meet the urging need for investigating the underlying causes of ASD and to find the proper medication to help treat the condition or control its symptoms. Conclusion: The exact cause of autism spectrum disorder is so far unknown. Further work is needed to broaden the horizons on the understanding of ASD.","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"1988 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82279424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.307140
R. Atia, M. Ayed, Saeedah Aljadani
: Background: In neonates with moderate-to-severe hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE), Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which can be achieved by either whole-body or localized head cooling, lessens brain damage, offers neuroprotection, and lowers mortality rates, especially if initiated within the first six hours after birth. Moreover, adjuvant therapy like magnesium sulfate (MS) management offers increased neuroprotection. The goal of the interventional, randomized, controlled study was to evaluate the short-term effects of using TH alone or in conjunction for the treatment of newborn infants with MS as a neuroprotective medication with HIE. Aim : to evaluate the effects of whole-body cooling and magnesium sulfate on infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treatment. Patients and methods : 39 newborns who met the HIE criteria and were born in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Sohag University Hospital were enrolled in the study. They were split equally across the three groups; During the first six hours of life, Group 1 (n 13) received whole-body cooling as the only therapy; In addition to MS, Group 2 (n 13) received whole-body cooling as adjuvant therapy, while Group 3 (n 13) received supportive acute care interventions as a comparison. Results : The TH plus MS group (group 2) had significantly better short-term outcomes when compared to other groups managed by TH (group 1) or supportive treatment, as indicated by a brief period of mechanical ventilation and respiratory support (p-value 0.001), a decrease in the incidence of convulsions (p-value 0.001), and an early start to feeding (p-value 0.001) (p-value 0.009) (group 3). Conclusion: In
{"title":"EFFECTS OF WHOLE BODY COOLING AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE ON INFANTS WITH HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY TREATMENT","authors":"R. Atia, M. Ayed, Saeedah Aljadani","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.307140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.307140","url":null,"abstract":": Background: In neonates with moderate-to-severe hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE), Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which can be achieved by either whole-body or localized head cooling, lessens brain damage, offers neuroprotection, and lowers mortality rates, especially if initiated within the first six hours after birth. Moreover, adjuvant therapy like magnesium sulfate (MS) management offers increased neuroprotection. The goal of the interventional, randomized, controlled study was to evaluate the short-term effects of using TH alone or in conjunction for the treatment of newborn infants with MS as a neuroprotective medication with HIE. Aim : to evaluate the effects of whole-body cooling and magnesium sulfate on infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treatment. Patients and methods : 39 newborns who met the HIE criteria and were born in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Sohag University Hospital were enrolled in the study. They were split equally across the three groups; During the first six hours of life, Group 1 (n 13) received whole-body cooling as the only therapy; In addition to MS, Group 2 (n 13) received whole-body cooling as adjuvant therapy, while Group 3 (n 13) received supportive acute care interventions as a comparison. Results : The TH plus MS group (group 2) had significantly better short-term outcomes when compared to other groups managed by TH (group 1) or supportive treatment, as indicated by a brief period of mechanical ventilation and respiratory support (p-value 0.001), a decrease in the incidence of convulsions (p-value 0.001), and an early start to feeding (p-value 0.001) (p-value 0.009) (group 3). Conclusion: In","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84395034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.298344
S. Dabash, R. Soliman, A. Eid, Magdy Mahmoud, H. Abdelazim, M. Elsokkary, A. Mahmoud
{"title":"EARLY RESULTS OF THE USE OF POROUS TANTALUM OSTEONECROSIS IMPLANT IN STAGE 1 AND STAGE 2 AVN OF FEMORAL HEADS IN ADULTS","authors":"S. Dabash, R. Soliman, A. Eid, Magdy Mahmoud, H. Abdelazim, M. Elsokkary, A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.298344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.298344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80825092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/asmj.2023.155662.1035
Waseem Mokhtar, Muhammed Rabie, Ahmed R. Abdel Rahman, Ahmed Elzaloey
{"title":"High-definition camera systems versus Conventional White Light Imaging assisted resection for treatment of Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer","authors":"Waseem Mokhtar, Muhammed Rabie, Ahmed R. Abdel Rahman, Ahmed Elzaloey","doi":"10.21608/asmj.2023.155662.1035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/asmj.2023.155662.1035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7450,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79272465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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