对昆虫传粉媒介对作物的贡献进行量化，有助于了解未来应如何管理和保护传粉服务。蚕豆(Vicia Faba var minor, Linneaus)是一种全球广泛种植的作物，可以从传粉者的访问中受益，但只有与该植物的长花冠花在形态上兼容的物种才能受益。在这里，我们根据昆虫传粉媒介对蚕豆授粉的潜在重要性进行排名，并量化爱尔兰蚕豆授粉的经济价值。我们的研究结果表明，蜜蜂授粉对蚕豆的豆荚组有重要贡献，因此，作物的生产价值。我们发现，传粉服务几乎占爱尔兰蚕豆总市场价值的一半，传粉者的贡献估计每年近400万欧元。我们估计，相对于其他传粉媒介，野生大黄蜂对蚕豆田授粉服务的经济价值贡献约为70%，这主要是由一种长舌大黄蜂(Bombus hortorum, Linneaus;膜翅目蜜蜂科)。基于这些结果，我们建议通过适当的管理来鼓励蜜蜂种群在农田中繁殖，以确保继续为爱尔兰蚕豆提供授粉服务。
{"title":"Irish faba beans (Fabales: Fabaceae) depend on wild bumblebee pollination for marketable yields","authors":"Katherine L. W. Burns, Dara A. Stanley","doi":"10.1111/afe.12553","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12553","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 2","pages":"312-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48324470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Pérez Roig, Ezequiel González, Martin Videla
{"title":"Agroecological transition increases arthropod diversity and decreases herbivore abundance on field margins\u0000 La transición agroecológica aumenta la diversidad de artrópodos y disminuye la abundancia de herbívoros en bordes de cultivo","authors":"Camila Pérez Roig, Ezequiel González, Martin Videla","doi":"10.1111/afe.12562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12562","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 3","pages":"404-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50122559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In peri‐urban areas, many farmers are transitioning from conventional agriculture to agroecological practices to reduce pesticide input and preserving ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Field margins represent a stable habitat for arthropods, but community structure depends on many factors, including management type and vegetation features. We studied the effects of agroecological transitions and vegetation features on arthropods of horticultural field margins, focusing on three feeding guilds (herbivores, predators and parasitoids). We sampled arthropods using the beat‐sheet method in five conventional fields and five under agroecological transition. We also measured vegetation height, richness, flower abundance and plant cover. Our results showed that arthropod diversity was higher in agroecological fields whereas herbivore abundance was lower, with a consistent pattern across most taxonomic orders. Vegetation features displayed multiple effects among functional and taxonomic groups. Herbivores did not respond to most vegetation variables whereas predators correlated with several, with similar trends among orders. We conclude that agroecological transitions and field margins with high vegetation richness and floral resources influence arthropod communities with potential benefits regarding pest regulation. These practices might be more effective if considered alongside other methods that enhance biodiversity and if they are consistent at a landscape scale.
{"title":"Agroecological transition increases arthropod diversity and decreases herbivore abundance on field margins","authors":"Camila Pérez Roig, Ezequiel González, M. Videla","doi":"10.1111/afe.12562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12562","url":null,"abstract":"In peri‐urban areas, many farmers are transitioning from conventional agriculture to agroecological practices to reduce pesticide input and preserving ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Field margins represent a stable habitat for arthropods, but community structure depends on many factors, including management type and vegetation features. We studied the effects of agroecological transitions and vegetation features on arthropods of horticultural field margins, focusing on three feeding guilds (herbivores, predators and parasitoids). We sampled arthropods using the beat‐sheet method in five conventional fields and five under agroecological transition. We also measured vegetation height, richness, flower abundance and plant cover. Our results showed that arthropod diversity was higher in agroecological fields whereas herbivore abundance was lower, with a consistent pattern across most taxonomic orders. Vegetation features displayed multiple effects among functional and taxonomic groups. Herbivores did not respond to most vegetation variables whereas predators correlated with several, with similar trends among orders. We conclude that agroecological transitions and field margins with high vegetation richness and floral resources influence arthropod communities with potential benefits regarding pest regulation. These practices might be more effective if considered alongside other methods that enhance biodiversity and if they are consistent at a landscape scale.","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 1","pages":"404 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43255610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenology of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, on organic crops and effect of parasitoid communities","authors":"Mohannad Ismail, Bertanne Visser, Agathe Dupuis, Thierry Hance, Loulou Albittar","doi":"10.1111/afe.12554","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12554","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 2","pages":"323-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46055008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No loss of genetic divergence in Torymus sinensis following its release for Dryocosmus kuriphilus control in Europe","authors":"Dimitrios N. Avtzis, Nikoleta Eleftheriadou, Dinka Matošević, Chiara Ferracini, Massimo Faccoli","doi":"10.1111/afe.12561","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12561","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 3","pages":"494-501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47647759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenological observations and trapping tactics for the granulate ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in New Zealand","authors":"Roanne Sutherland, Nicolas Meurisse, Andrew R. Pugh, Christopher M. Ranger, Michael E. Reding, Jessica L. Kerr, Jessica Russell, Toni M. Withers","doi":"10.1111/afe.12558","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12558","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 3","pages":"355-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42594439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert T. Meyer, Scott M. Pokswinski, Jacob Ney, Dave McElveen
霜精灵(Callophrys病毒)蝴蝶栖息在可能遭受频繁火灾的景观中。霜精灵主要在落叶层、土壤表面或土壤下面化蛹，当火灾发生时，它们的死亡率可能很高。收集有关这一死亡来源的更好信息，对于以有利于该物种长期生存的方式规划规定的消防行动至关重要。我们将实验室饲养的磨砂小精灵蛹(n = 61)埋在地下0.75 cm (n = 31)或1.75 cm (n = 30)处，并进行了两次模拟典型规定火灾的实验。埋于1.75 cm处的30例中有18例(60%)在烧伤后4周存活;埋在0.75 cm处的蛹无一存活。大多数(n = 17)成功存活的蛹在第二年被封闭。与死亡的蛹相比，幸存的蛹遇到的最高温度较低，暴露在高于致死温度的持续时间较短。我们的数据表明，火灾造成的死亡率很高，但火灾仍然是维持栖息地的重要工具。消防从业者应该通过使用点火模式和次优燃烧条件来减少火灾强度，或者在景观中以马赛克模式燃烧，以确保足够的生存，使霜精灵种群永久存在，从而减轻损失。
{"title":"Pupae survival following fire in the frosted elfin (Callophrys irus)","authors":"Robert T. Meyer, Scott M. Pokswinski, Jacob Ney, Dave McElveen","doi":"10.1111/afe.12555","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12555","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 2","pages":"336-343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48188349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disturbances affect plant diversity with consequences on other trophic levels, like the associated insect communities. Domestic livestock is a major disturbance affecting flowering plant abundance at the bottom of insect food webs with unpredicted consequences on ecosystem functioning.
This work evaluated livestock effect on flower-associated insect functional groups (i.e., predators, herbivores and pollinators) hypothesizing that plant damage produced by grazing exerts bottom up effects on insect populations, affecting their interactions. On contrary, livestock might supply food resources for several dipteran pests (e.g., scavengers, parasites or bloodsucking) or benefit predator species by increasing habitat transparency with grazing.
Seven independent rangelands within the same arid environment and increasing livestock density, were used to test these hypotheses using a regression approach.
Insect, herbivore and pollinator diversity decreased with increasing livestock density, and increased with increasing vegetation. Bare soil affected solitary bees (but not all the pollinators) and habitat transparency benefited predators, as expected. Dipteran pests quadratically decreased with increasing livestock density, rejecting the hypothesis of food supply. Apparently, predators reduced the abundance of almost all insect groups.
Grazing reduce vegetation positively affecting predators, which negatively affect other insect groups (top-down), potentially altering species complex interactions and ecosystem functioning.
Resumen
Las perturbaciones afectan a la diversidad vegetal con consecuencias en otros niveles tróficos, como las comunidades de insectos asociadas. El ganado doméstico es una perturbación importante que afecta la abundancia de plantas con flores, siendo la base de las redes tróficas de insectos, con consecuencias impredecibles en el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Este trabajo evaluó el efecto del ganado sobre grupos funcionales de insectos asociados a las flores (es decir, depredadores, herbívoros y polinizadores) con la hipótesis de que el daño producido por el pastoreo a las plantas ejerce efectos de abajo hacia arriba sobre las poblaciones de insectos, afectando sus interacciones. Por el contrario, el ganado podría estar suministrando recursos alimenticios para varias plagas de dípteros (por ejemplo, carroñeros, parásitos o hematófagos) o estar beneficiando a especies depredadoras al aumentar la tr
{"title":"Cascading effects of livestock grazing on insect functional groups associated to flowers in arid lands","authors":"Mariana Tadey","doi":"10.1111/afe.12557","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12557","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ol>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Disturbances affect plant diversity with consequences on other trophic levels, like the associated insect communities. Domestic livestock is a major disturbance affecting flowering plant abundance at the bottom of insect food webs with unpredicted consequences on ecosystem functioning.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This work evaluated livestock effect on flower-associated insect functional groups (i.e., predators, herbivores and pollinators) hypothesizing that plant damage produced by grazing exerts bottom up effects on insect populations, affecting their interactions. On contrary, livestock might supply food resources for several dipteran pests (e.g., scavengers, parasites or bloodsucking) or benefit predator species by increasing habitat transparency with grazing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Seven independent rangelands within the same arid environment and increasing livestock density, were used to test these hypotheses using a regression approach.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Insect, herbivore and pollinator diversity decreased with increasing livestock density, and increased with increasing vegetation. Bare soil affected solitary bees (but not all the pollinators) and habitat transparency benefited predators, as expected. Dipteran pests quadratically decreased with increasing livestock density, rejecting the hypothesis of food supply. Apparently, predators reduced the abundance of almost all insect groups.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Grazing reduce vegetation positively affecting predators, which negatively affect other insect groups (top-down), potentially altering species complex interactions and ecosystem functioning.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Resumen</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ol>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Las perturbaciones afectan a la diversidad vegetal con consecuencias en otros niveles tróficos, como las comunidades de insectos asociadas. El ganado doméstico es una perturbación importante que afecta la abundancia de plantas con flores, siendo la base de las redes tróficas de insectos, con consecuencias impredecibles en el funcionamiento del ecosistema. Este trabajo evaluó el efecto del ganado sobre grupos funcionales de insectos asociados a las flores (es decir, depredadores, herbívoros y polinizadores) con la hipótesis de que el daño producido por el pastoreo a las plantas ejerce efectos de abajo hacia arriba sobre las poblaciones de insectos, afectando sus interacciones. Por el contrario, el ganado podría estar suministrando recursos alimenticios para varias plagas de dípteros (por ejemplo, carroñeros, parásitos o hematófagos) o estar beneficiando a especies depredadoras al aumentar la tr","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 3","pages":"375-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48454314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kendra, L. Guillén, N. Tabanca, W. S. Montgomery, Elena Q. Schnell, M. Deyrup, Kevin R. Cloonan
The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the mycopathogen that causes laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Since being detected in Georgia, USA in 2002, this invasive pest has become established in 11 additional states. With continued spread, X. glabratus will likely enter Mexico. In advance of this event, this study was initiated to assess the risk posed to eight native laurels and Hass avocados, the predominant cultivar grown in Mexico. Wood bolts from each species were used in (a) field tests to determine the relative attraction of female X. glabratus, (b) laboratory bioassays to evaluate boring preferences, and (c) GC–MS analyses to identify host kairomones. For comparison, tests included control bolt treatments consisting of silkbay (an attractive U.S. laurel) and Simmonds avocado (a Florida cultivar susceptible to laurel wilt). Hass avocado and two native laurels (Persea schiedeana and Ocotea heribertoi vel aff.) were highly attractive to females and elicited strong boring responses. These species were high in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including α‐copaene and α‐cubebene. Results of this study suggest that X. glabratus could become a serious agricultural and forest pest upon incursion into Mexico, with severe economic and ecological impacts.
redbay ambrosia甲虫，木疣病毒glabratus Eichhoff（鞘翅目：Curculionidae：Scolytinae），携带导致月桂枯萎病的真菌病原体，月桂枯萎病是一种致命的樟科树木血管病。自2002年在美国乔治亚州被发现以来，这种入侵性害虫已在另外11个州建立。随着传播的继续，光滑乳杆菌很可能会进入墨西哥。在这一事件发生之前，这项研究旨在评估八种本地月桂和墨西哥主要栽培品种哈斯鳄梨的风险。将每个物种的木螺栓用于（a）野外测试，以确定雌性光滑X.的相对吸引力，（b）实验室生物测定，以评估钻孔偏好，以及（c）GC–MS分析，以鉴定宿主信息素。为了进行比较，试验包括由丝兰（一种有吸引力的美国月桂）和西蒙兹鳄梨（一种易患月桂枯萎病的佛罗里达品种）组成的对照处理。哈斯鳄梨和两种本土月桂（Persea schiedeana和Ocotea heribertoi vel aff）对雌性非常有吸引力，并引起强烈的无聊反应。这些物种富含倍半萜烃，包括α-共烯和α-立方烯。这项研究的结果表明，光滑乳杆菌入侵墨西哥后可能成为一种严重的农业和森林害虫，对经济和生态造成严重影响。
{"title":"Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)","authors":"P. Kendra, L. Guillén, N. Tabanca, W. S. Montgomery, Elena Q. Schnell, M. Deyrup, Kevin R. Cloonan","doi":"10.1111/afe.12551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12551","url":null,"abstract":"The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), vectors the mycopathogen that causes laurel wilt, a lethal vascular disease of trees in the Lauraceae. Since being detected in Georgia, USA in 2002, this invasive pest has become established in 11 additional states. With continued spread, X. glabratus will likely enter Mexico. In advance of this event, this study was initiated to assess the risk posed to eight native laurels and Hass avocados, the predominant cultivar grown in Mexico. Wood bolts from each species were used in (a) field tests to determine the relative attraction of female X. glabratus, (b) laboratory bioassays to evaluate boring preferences, and (c) GC–MS analyses to identify host kairomones. For comparison, tests included control bolt treatments consisting of silkbay (an attractive U.S. laurel) and Simmonds avocado (a Florida cultivar susceptible to laurel wilt). Hass avocado and two native laurels (Persea schiedeana and Ocotea heribertoi vel aff.) were highly attractive to females and elicited strong boring responses. These species were high in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, including α‐copaene and α‐cubebene. Results of this study suggest that X. glabratus could become a serious agricultural and forest pest upon incursion into Mexico, with severe economic and ecological impacts.","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 1","pages":"285 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42306442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul E. Kendra, Larissa Guillén, Nurhayat Tabanca, Wayne S. Montgomery, Elena Q. Schnell, Mark A. Deyrup, Kevin R. Cloonan
{"title":"Risk assessment of Hass avocado and Mexican Lauraceae for attack by redbay ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)\u0000 Evaluación del riesgo del aguacate Hass y las Lauraceae mexicanas al ataque del escarabajo ambrosía del laurel rojo (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)","authors":"Paul E. Kendra, Larissa Guillén, Nurhayat Tabanca, Wayne S. Montgomery, Elena Q. Schnell, Mark A. Deyrup, Kevin R. Cloonan","doi":"10.1111/afe.12551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12551","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"25 2","pages":"285-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50128757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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