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β-Pinene + ethanol attracts more red turpentine beetles than carene+ ethanol, with or without traces of frontalin, at prescribed burn or thinned sites 在规定的烧伤或变薄部位,β-松树+乙醇比含有或不含有临街林的苔草+乙醇吸引更多的红色松节油甲虫
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12587
Rick G. Kelsey, Douglas J. Westlind

红色松节油甲虫,Dendroctonus valens LeConte(鞘翅目:Curculionidae:Scolytinae),以前对(−)‐β‐蒎烯的反应更强烈 + 乙醇比(+)-3‐carene + 在俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州东北部前一年被野火烧毁的地点,乙醇引诱物,而在亚利桑那州一个稀疏的未燃烧地点(+)-3 carene + 乙醇是更强的引诱剂。这种差异被进一步检验,以区分D.valens的吸引力是否因地区或以前的森林干扰类型而异。这里,(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇和(+)-3-碳烯 + 乙醇诱饵在俄勒冈州两个地点的松树林中进行了测试,前一年只因规定的烧伤或稀释而受到干扰。这两种诱惑物都经过了测试,无论是否含有微量的信息素额林,因为它的存在增强了中国的吸引力,但尚未在北美进行测试。在这两个地点,无论先前的森林干扰如何,(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇诱饵吸引的甲虫最多。除了一种情况外,在两个地点,释放痕量frontalin的诱饵比没有它的相应诱饵吸引了更多的甲虫。总的来说,前一年来自不同管理处理的干扰对D.valens的引诱吸引力影响最小。用于检测、监测或管理(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇 + 到目前为止,在太平洋西北部的松林中,微量的额林吸引了最多的甲虫。
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引用次数: 0
Western pine beetle voltinism in a changing California climate 西部松甲虫在加利福尼亚气候变化中的voltinism
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12586
Barbara J. Bentz, Daniel R. Cluck, Beverly M. Bulaon, Sheri L. Smith

加利福尼亚州最近的高温干旱导致黄松(Pinus yellowosa)和西部松甲虫(WPB,Dendroctus brevicomis)死亡。虽然干旱本身就可能导致树木死亡,但气候变暖对WPB的直接影响是一个促成因素。然而,对WPB产生时间(电压主义)的研究却缺乏。我们在加利福尼亚州的两个地点监测了WPB树的攻击和成虫的出现时间,并根据现场观测数据开发了学位日模型。加州几个地点的历史、当代和未来温度与该模型一起用于研究WPB电压主义的趋势。现场数据显示,在加利福尼亚州北部的一个地点,只有一个夏季和一个越冬代。随着夏季温度超过1900–1980年的平均值,到2021年,WPB全代和部分代的预测数量已从历史上的每年约2代(一个夏季和一个越冬)增加到加利福尼亚州北部两个地点的约2.3代,在加利福尼亚州两个较温暖的地点从约2.3代增加到约3.2代。历史和当代数据表明,冬季变暖不足以让额外一代人越冬。相反,几代人的增长是由夏季和秋季的温度驱动的。未来年度世代数量的无限制增长将受到复杂但尚未得到充分理解的WPB热适应的限制。增加对温度驱动的WPB种群增长的了解将改善森林植被模型,该模型旨在预测气候变化中黄松的死亡率。
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引用次数: 1
The effects of chilling and forcing temperatures on spring synchrony between larch casebearer and tamarack 低温和强迫温度对落叶松和柽柳间春季同步的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12588
Claudia Nanninga, Samuel F. Ward, Brian H. Aukema, Rebecca A. Montgomery

春季的酚学同步性对树木和昆虫的相互作用可能很重要。根据酚类变化的幅度和方向,越冬昆虫可能会受到多种影响,例如,面临饥饿或不得不应对寄主树木增强的化学或物理防御。如果温度对树木和昆虫的酚学有不同的影响,气候变化可以改变春季的酚学同步性。在这个实验中,我们将来自美国明尼苏达州的罗望子幼苗和落叶松背壳幼虫暴露在各种低温和强迫温度下,并测量春季的表型(枝条芽断裂和幼虫激活)。我们还测量了案例携带者对暴露于不同强迫×冷藏水平的幼苗的表现,跟踪幼虫成年后的存活率。温暖增强了幼虫的激活和芽裂,但超过21°C后,幼虫的发育速度减慢。更高的冷藏温度加速了芽的破裂,但对幼虫的影响还没有定论。这两个物种都没有令人不寒而栗的相互作用。与幼苗相比,幼虫的春季活动随着温度的升高而加速得更快,这导致在温暖的温度下增加了酚学同步性。越冬幼虫的激活率在27°C时最高,而春季激活后的成年存活率在21°C时最大。在27°C或以上的温度下,没有幼虫达到成年期。温暖的冬季和春季最初可能会增加罗望子和落叶松的春季同步性,使幼虫暴露在更年轻、可能更有营养的树叶中,但极端温暖的春季温度可能会降低幼虫成年后的存活率。
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引用次数: 0
Contact chemoreceptive mate recognition in Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 威氏陶蝇接触化学接受性配偶识别(鞘翅目:陶蝇科)
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12584
Israel Sánchez‐Osorio, Gloria López‐Pantoja, L. Domínguez, María R. López‐Manzano, G. Rosell, Á. Guerrero
Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a wood‐borer responsible for the decline of Mediterranean oaks in open woodlands. To establish that contact pheromones are involved in mate recognition of C. welensii, we extracted the cuticular hydrocarbons by solid phase microextraction at pre‐reproductive, beginning and ending of the reproductive period, and by solvent extraction of prothorax and elytra. The extracts were analysed by GC–MS under electron impact and chemical ionization conditions. Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles varied according to the reproductive period, although differences between sexes were not significant. Two compounds, 11/13‐methylheptacosane and 11‐methylnonacosane were more abundant in females at the beginning and ending of the reproductive periods. Compound 11/13‐methylheptacosane was also more representative in female prothorax than in males, and 2‐methyloctacosane was richer in male elytra than in females. We also studied the role of cuticular hydrocarbons in mate recognition in arena bioassays. Treatment of solvent‐washed dead females and glass dummies with one female equivalent (FE) of cuticular extract elicited mating responses in males, especially at the beginning of the reproductive period, with copulation attempts reaching 61.9% on solvent‐washed dead females and 23.8% on dummies. The successive treatment with synthetic compounds approaching a male cuticular profile inhibited male response. Our results confirm that contact pheromones mediate mate recognition in C. welensii. Knowledge of the precise role played by the major compounds 11/13‐methylheptacosane and 11‐methylnonacosane and other minor compounds representative in female prothorax may contribute to the development of novel management strategies against C. welensii.
Cerambyx welensii Küster(鞘翅目:Cerambycidae)是一种木材蛀虫,是地中海橡树在开阔林地衰退的原因。为了确定接触信息素参与魏氏锥虫的配偶识别,我们在繁殖前、繁殖期开始和结束时通过固相微萃取以及通过溶剂萃取前胸和鞘翅来提取表皮碳氢化合物。在电子冲击和化学电离条件下,通过GC–MS对提取物进行分析。表皮碳氢化合物剖面随生育期而变化,尽管性别之间的差异并不显著。11/13甲基庚烷和11甲基壬烷这两种化合物在雌性生殖期开始和结束时含量更高。化合物11/13-甲基庚烷在雌性前胸中也比在雄性中更具代表性,2-甲基辛烷在雄性鞘翅中比在雌性中更丰富。我们还研究了表皮碳氢化合物在竞技场生物测定中配偶识别中的作用。用一种雌性等效物(FE)的角质提取物处理溶剂洗涤的死亡雌性和玻璃假人会引起雄性的交配反应,尤其是在生殖期开始时,溶剂洗涤的死雌性和假人的交配尝试分别达到61.9%和23.8%。用接近男性表皮轮廓的合成化合物连续处理抑制了男性反应。我们的研究结果证实,接触信息素介导了韦氏锥虫的配偶识别。了解主要化合物11/13-甲基庚烷和11-甲基壬烷以及其他在雌性前胸中具有代表性的次要化合物所起的确切作用,可能有助于开发针对韦氏梭菌的新管理策略。
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引用次数: 1
Cold tolerance of the invasive oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata 入侵性橡树花边虫Corythucha arcuata的耐寒性
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12585
Márton J. Paulin, Csaba B. Eötvös, Petr Zabransky, György Csóka, Martin Schebeck

北美橡树花边虫(OLB)是欧洲的一种入侵物种,对以橡树为主的森林构成严重威胁。在低温下生存是决定入侵昆虫传播的一个主要因素。因此,我们研究了越冬成虫的关键特征,即耐寒策略、过冷点(SCP)和与寒冷相关的死亡率,以评估它们抵御严冬的潜力。从2020年11月到2021年3月,在匈牙利的三个不同地点每月采集一次SCP测量样本;冷冻实验样本分别于2020年11月、2021年1月和2021年3月取样。越冬成虫的SCP在−29.68至−7.49°C之间,各月之间只有中等变化;C.arcuata是一种避冻物种。暴露在SCP以上两个零下温度(−3和−5°C)下1、2和3天的成年人死亡率 几周的死亡率在0%到69.1%之间,这表明OLB死于冷伤的风险中等。暴露时间和采样日期影响死亡率,3年后存活率最低 周,收集于2021年3月。
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引用次数: 1
Spatial distribution of saproxylic beetles on trunks of standing Scots pine trees 直立苏格兰松树干腐木甲虫的空间分布
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12581
J. Foit, V. Čermák, T. Kudláček

在为期3年的试验中,对12棵健康生长的苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)上腐木甲虫着陆和爬升茎的空间分布进行了详细的研究。采用粘捕器在树干的三个部位(即树干基部、树干中部和树干顶部)对甲虫进行取样。每棵树的每个部分都使用两个面向相反基本方向(北和南)的粘性陷阱进行采样。在1405份样品中,共获得腐木甲虫169个分类群4063个个体。腐殖酸甲虫群落具有明显的层间多样性,反映了林分中繁殖基质的分布。总体而言,从树干基部到树冠的物种丰富度显著下降,树干中部的物种丰富度处于中等水平。但从树干基部到树冠,菌丝和腐原木丝的丰度呈递减趋势,其中以树冠的木丝丰度最高。主要方向对植物的丰度、物种丰富度和组成的影响总体上较弱,但少数特定物种的发生与面向树干的南(13种)或北(3种)的部分显著相关。我们的研究结果表明,在许多物种的基质选择过程中,主要吸引和随机着陆策略相结合。在不同的分类群中,所研究的解释变量的重要性有很大的差异,这表明任何研究中记录的物种组成可能会改变其一般结果。
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引用次数: 0
Exploration for native parasitoids of Asian longhorned beetle in China as prospective biological control agents 亚洲长角甲虫在中国作为潜在生物防治剂的原生拟寄生物的探索
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12583
Ke Wei, Fei Li, Yan-Long Tang, Liang-Ming Cao, Zhong-Qi Yang, Juli R. Gould, Xiao-Yi Wang, Xingeng Wang

亚洲长角甲虫(Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky))原产于中国和朝鲜半岛(鞘翅目:天牛科),是阔叶树的高风险入侵害虫。为探索美国ALB生物防治的潜力,我们于2019 - 2022年在中国北京、甘肃、贵州、上海和云南五个地理区域使用哨点原木对ALB寄生蜂进行了调查。在北京地区共采集到7种膜翅目幼虫寄生蜂,分别为:拟平茧蜂杨、中国银腹蜂杨、Heydenia sp.、光肩棘蜂杨、冠硬皮蝇肖等乌、牛蛉杨和牛蛉杨。在上海、贵州和云南分别发现4种、3种和2种。甘肃省未发现寄生蜂。北京、贵州、上海和云南的平均寄生率分别为3.6% ~ 15.8%、1.4% ~ 16.4%、1.6% ~ 7.1%和5.8%。在4个不同地区均采集到最具优势的两种寄生蜂,分别为天牛Spathius anplophorae和光肩棘球绦虫(O. glabripennis),可作为生物防治引进剂在美国推广应用。我们讨论了卵类寄生蜂罕见的潜在生态机制,以及未来生物防治白斑病的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
The persistence of blue ash in the aftermath of emerald ash borer may be due to adult oviposition preferences and reduced larval performance 绿灰螟发生后蓝灰的持续存在可能是由于成虫的产卵偏好和幼虫性能下降所致
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12582
Don Cipollini, Emily Morton

在俄亥俄州西南部的两个森林中,我们比较了成熟蓝灰(quadrangulata)和成熟白灰(F. americana)的健康状况,并研究了产卵偏好和幼虫抗性对蓝灰持久性的潜在重要性。2012年,蓝灰和白灰基本上没有受到祖母绿灰螟的影响。到2018年,在这些森林中观察到的近90%的蓝灰树有完整或接近完整的树冠,而在我们的研究中遇到的白灰树中,这一比例不到20%。2021年,蓝灰保持了与2018年相似的冠层健康程度,但没有存活的成熟白灰。清除树皮显示,2018年或2021年蓝灰树中没有当前或过去的幼虫进食尝试,除了2018年有一棵被攻击和杀死的树。所有检查过的白蜡树都遭到了攻击。在切茎的实验室生物试验中,绿灰螟幼虫在蓝灰上摄食较少,生长明显慢于在白灰上生长。幼虫繁殖能力的降低和成虫产卵量的减少都可能导致蓝灰在被绿灰螟破坏的森林中持续存在。
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引用次数: 0
Cicadomorpha community (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in different agroecosystems in the north of Portugal 葡萄牙北部不同农业生态系统中的蝉类群落(半翅目:蝉类)
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12576
Isabel Rodrigues, Paula Baptista, José Alberto Pereira

蝉亚目是一个多样化的类群,包括几个被认为是经济作物重要害虫的物种和可能作为植物病原体媒介的物种。在欧洲,革兰氏阴性细菌法氏木霉菌是与蝉亚目相关的最重要、最严重的虫媒植物病原体之一。因此,了解与不同农业生态系统相关的本地Cicadomorpha昆虫媒介的丰度和多样性,对于设计和实施控制虫媒植物病原体的具体措施至关重要。在这项工作中,连续两年(2018年和2019年),在三个不同时期(初夏、夏季和秋季)对分布在葡萄牙北部的五个杏仁园、五个葡萄园、5个橄榄园和5个灌木丛进行了采样,以调查蝉群落的物种组成、丰富度和多样性。此外,在2019年,对五个柠檬园进行了采样。共收集到6056只个体(2018年为2322只,2019年为3734只),隶属于三科71种。在这些物种中观察到几种被认为是有害生物或恶性病原体的媒介是可能的。在所有农业生态系统中都捕捉到了已确认的X.fastidiosa(Philaenus spumarius(Linnaeus,1758)和Neophilenus campestris(Fallen,1805))的载体,而且通常在秋季数量更多。在葡萄园中观察到Cicadomorpha的丰度、丰富度和多样性最高。然而,这些参数(丰度、丰富度和多样性)在农业生态系统和采样期之间存在显著差异。如果将虫媒病原体引入农业生态系统,进一步研究植被覆盖的组成如何塑造蝉群落,对于实施减少虫媒病原体传播的策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Phorid fly parasitism rates vary between individual colonies of the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata 割叶蚁Atta laevigata的单个群体之间的Phorid蝇寄生率各不相同
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12575
Marcos A. L. Bragança, Maria Lucimar O. Souza, Rafael J. Oliveira, Richard I. Samuels

Phorid蝇是切叶蚁的重要天敌。雌蚁在工蚁体内产卵,寄生蜂幼虫以宿主的内部组织为食。在这里,我们研究了四种甲虫在三个不同的田间地点攻击金翅虫个体群落时的寄生率,以进一步了解寄主与寄生蜂的关系。当比较攻击个体群落的甲虫物种时,寄生率存在明显差异。在所采样的13个菌落中,阿氏无头虫或二氏艾氏菌的寄生占主导地位。然而,在四个群落中,大角杨梅和vicosae无头虫是优势物种。研究了四种甲鱼寄生率的变化与从每个群体的觅食路径收集的潜在宿主的大小有关。当将潜在宿主的大小与甲虫物种相关联时,头囊宽度>2的蚂蚁 mm主要寄生于A.vicosae和E.erthali。较小的蚂蚁,头囊宽度为2 毫米或更小的寄主主要由嗜酸性A.attophilus和M.grandcornis寄生。E.erthali的寄生率最高的是在小径上大型工蚁比例最高的个体群落中。虽然A.attophilus的大小几乎是E.erthali的一半,但寄生在两个大的(头囊宽度 > 2. mm)和小型工人(<2 mm)。这与1至16只幼虫可以在单个宿主内发育有关,这取决于宿主的大小。大角分枝杆菌寄生在较小的工蜂身上(平均头囊宽度 = 2. mm),因为这些甲虫本身很小,并且每个宿主内只有一个幼虫发育。这项研究表明,金翅虫个体群落的寄生特征与小径上觅食者的大小有关。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Agricultural and Forest Entomology
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