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Predicting crop injury caused by flea beetles in spring oilseed rape through pest monitoring in the autumn 通过秋季害虫监测预测春油菜跳蚤甲虫对作物的伤害
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-19 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12596
Fabian A. Boetzl, Carol Högfeldt, Gerard Malsher, Mattias Jonsson, Velemir Ninkovic, Roland Sigvald, Ola Lundin

可靠地预测虫害损害将使农民能够在不造成经济损失的情况下减少杀虫剂的使用,从而有助于农业的可持续性。然而,缺乏预测害虫严重程度的手段。利用22年的吸虫捕集法,结合293个大田的作物取食伤害数据,对前一季的蚤虫密度是否可以预测春油菜中蚤虫的取食伤害进行了评价。结果表明,前一年夏秋活动期条跳甲蚤密度与次年春油菜虫害呈极显著正相关。研究区秋季天气或春油菜总盖度均未进一步提高预测精度。因此,利用吸力捕集器进行虫害监测是一种很有前途的工具,可以预测作物取食伤害,并在虫害压力较低的年份减少杀虫剂的使用。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the Coleoptera community at the tree-line using taxonomic and functional guild approaches 使用分类学和功能公会方法了解树木线上的鞘翅目群落
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12589
Jamie Dinkins Bookwalter, Berta Caballero-López, Roberto Molowny-Horas, Bernat Claramunt-López
Mountain species are at the forefront of climate change disruption, and montane saproxylic Coleoptera are facing large‐ and small‐scale changes in their surroundings. Saproxylic Coleoptera are both functionally and taxonomically diverse and are the representatives of an imperilled fauna confronted with the realities of a changing landscape. Understanding the effects of elevation and other forest characteristics on saproxylic and non‐saproxylic Coleoptera is a step towards predicting the future of taxonomic and functional group biodiversity at the tree‐line and on mountains. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of elevation and other forest characteristics on the biodiversity of montane Coleoptera at the tree‐line using both taxonomic and functional feeding guild classifications. Our results suggest that abundance of saprotrophs is closely linked to the density of large trees rather than the volume of wood. Edge effects and elevation seem to drive abundance patterns of some species and also influence taxonomic and functional guild community patterns differently. Finally, we discuss the implications of climate change and land abandonment to future Coleoptera community structure.
山地物种处于气候变化破坏的前沿,山地腐叶鞘翅目正面临着周围环境的大范围和小范围变化。Saproxylic鞘翅目在功能和分类学上都是多样化的,是面临不断变化的现实的濒危动物群的代表。了解海拔和其他森林特征对腐叶和非腐叶鞘翅目的影响,是预测树木线和山脉分类学和功能群生物多样性未来的一步。本研究的目的是使用分类学和功能性喂养协会分类,研究海拔和其他森林特征对山地鞘翅目树系生物多样性的影响。我们的研究结果表明,腐生物的丰度与大树的密度密切相关,而不是与木材的体积密切相关。边缘效应和海拔似乎驱动了一些物种的丰度模式,也对分类学和功能性行会群落模式产生了不同的影响。最后,我们讨论了气候变化和土地废弃对未来鞘翅目群落结构的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Population genetic diversity in Nezara viridula by analysis of mitochondrial control region sequences 利用线粒体控制区序列分析病毒Nezara群体遗传多样性
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12592
Alicia R. Pérez de Rosas, Beatriz A. García

在这里,我们使用线粒体控制区序列研究了阿根廷农业害虫Nezara viridula种群的遗传多样性和传播模式。对照区1837个碱基对的DNA序列比较揭示了由总共108个可变位点确定的60个单倍型。观察到的总单倍型多样性(Hd)值为0.99,根据π和θW,核苷酸多样性分别为0.00423和0.00571。高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性,以及中性测试和单峰错配分布,表明来自阿根廷的N.viridula种群最近有所扩大。这种昆虫数量的增加可能是由于该国最近农业的扩张和大豆种植的集约化。没有检测到显著水平的遗传分化,这表明基因流动主导了遗传漂移。此外,贝叶斯个体分配分析显示,所有种群都有共同的祖先。大豆种植区的生长很可能产生了稳定和连续的栖息地,使病毒N.viridula种群之间的基因流动。人口统计学历史分析结果表明,绿色猪笼草的迁移方向与阿根廷大豆作物的生长模式有关。
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引用次数: 0
Pasture diet of cattle contributes to the reproductive success of dung beetles 牛的牧场饮食有助于甲虫繁殖成功
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-13 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12590
T. Heddle, Z. Hemmings, A. Burns, N. R. Andrew

牛的饮食对粪的质量和屎壳郎的繁殖能力起着至关重要的作用。本研究研究了三种牧草类型(改良原生牧草、牧草燕麦和间种黑麦/三叶草)对双食Onthophagus binodis、非洲Euoniticellus africanus和中间Euoniticellus intermedius的粪便质量、育仔数和繁殖产量(以育仔大小(干重和椭球体积)、发育时间和F1子代大小(甲虫长度和前角宽度)的影响。黑麦/三叶草来源的粪便中氮含量高于改良的本地燕麦和饲草燕麦。改良土源粪便的碳、能、有机质、pH和不溶性非淀粉多糖含量最高,而饲用燕麦的含量最低。牧草燕麦的水分、灰分和可溶性非淀粉多糖含量均高于其他牧草。草地类型对子代长度也有影响,黑麦/三叶草来源的粪便中,雌性中间姬鼠、雄性和雌性野姬鼠的子代长度分别比饲草燕麦粪便长11.4%、11.2%和7.3%。黑麦/三叶草粪生产的O. binodis F1后代的前角宽度比饲料燕麦宽9.8%。黑麦/三叶草和改良的土产粪为屎壳郎的繁殖提供了较好的资源。基于本研究,在评估繁殖能力和后代测量时,牛的日粮是重要的考虑因素。由于在众多种类和组合中只调查了三种牧草类型,因此应进一步调查牛的日粮。
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引用次数: 0
Floral strips adjacent to Manitoba crop fields attract beneficial insects shortly after establishment regardless of management type or landscape context 马尼托巴省农田附近的花带在建立后不久就吸引了有益的昆虫,无论管理类型或景观背景如何
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12595
Michael F. Killewald, A. C. Costamagna, Y. Lawley, R. H. Gulden, J. Gibbs

昆虫为农业提供了宝贵的生态系统服务,但这些地区的昆虫数量往往较低。我们在曼尼托巴省南部的八块有机农田和七块传统农田的边缘建立了花带。然后,我们比较了花带中地甲虫、同翅苍蝇和蜜蜂的捕获率;控制(未修改的)场边缘;附近的半天然场地;以及在距离田地边界六个距离的地带和控制田地内(5-150 m) 。研究了农场管理和景观环境对昆虫丰度、多样性和相关物种特征的影响。花带内蜜蜂和甲虫的捕获率明显高于对照处理。然而,在对照组中,同啡肽的捕获率明显更高。甲虫和蜜蜂对开花的forb覆盖和边缘密度有积极的反应(0.5 km),而正啡肽对无回报农业的反应是积极的,对半自然地区的反应是消极的(1 km)。我们发现有机管理类型和传统管理类型之间的昆虫丰度或多样性没有显著差异,田间昆虫丰度也没有差异。昆虫特征和景观变量之间没有发现显著的关联。这些结果表明,花条在建立后不久就能有效地吸引地甲虫和蜜蜂,但这些群落的功能与对照田中的群落相似。需要进行纵向研究,以确定在有花带的田地里,种群是否会随着时间的推移而继续增加,并变得更加多样化。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of trap type and attractant composition for potential mass trapping of Hylobius abietis 小龙虾潜在质量诱捕的诱捕器类型和引诱剂组成的评价
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12593
Tobias Heber, Christiane E. Helbig, Sören Osmers, Maike Larquette, Michael G. Müller

在德国东部的三个研究地点,对不同的诱捕器类型和引诱剂成分进行了测试,目的是吸引尽可能多的小海螺个体,同时确保小海螺科非目标物种的副渔获物最少。结果表明,基于Nordlander(1987,《斯堪的纳维亚森林研究杂志》,2199-213)的模型,改良的陷阱是最有效的陷阱类型,具有高度的选择性和最小的生态副作用。改良的Nordlander诱捕器适合作为综合害虫管理工具进行潜在的大面积诱捕。两项测试不同引诱剂成分的现场试验表明,(−)-α-蒎烯和乙醇的简单引诱剂组合与其他更复杂的组合一样有效,因此更适合大规模诱捕。在(−)‐α‐蒎烯和乙醇的组合中添加单萜类化合物camphene、Δ‐3‐carene、ocimene和萜品油烯并没有显著增加捕获数量。虽然建议对大规模诱捕对再生损伤的影响进行进一步研究,但大麻的诱捕数量表明,通过诱捕减少当地大麻种群是可能的。
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引用次数: 0
Contact chemoreceptive mate recognition in Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Mediación de la quimiorrecepción por contacto en el apareamiento en Cerambyx welensii Küster (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Cerambyx welensi-Küster中的接触化学感受性伴侣识别(鞘翅目:天牛科)介导Cerambyx welensi-Küster交配中的接触化学感受性(鞘翅目:天牛科)
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12584
Israel Sánchez-Osorio, Gloria López-Pantoja, Luis Domínguez, María R. López-Manzano, Gloria Rosell, Ángel Guerrero

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引用次数: 0
β-Pinene + ethanol attracts more red turpentine beetles than carene+ ethanol, with or without traces of frontalin, at prescribed burn or thinned sites 在规定的烧伤或变薄部位,β-松树+乙醇比含有或不含有临街林的苔草+乙醇吸引更多的红色松节油甲虫
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12587
Rick G. Kelsey, Douglas J. Westlind

红色松节油甲虫,Dendroctonus valens LeConte(鞘翅目:Curculionidae:Scolytinae),以前对(−)‐β‐蒎烯的反应更强烈 + 乙醇比(+)-3‐carene + 在俄勒冈州和加利福尼亚州东北部前一年被野火烧毁的地点,乙醇引诱物,而在亚利桑那州一个稀疏的未燃烧地点(+)-3 carene + 乙醇是更强的引诱剂。这种差异被进一步检验,以区分D.valens的吸引力是否因地区或以前的森林干扰类型而异。这里,(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇和(+)-3-碳烯 + 乙醇诱饵在俄勒冈州两个地点的松树林中进行了测试,前一年只因规定的烧伤或稀释而受到干扰。这两种诱惑物都经过了测试,无论是否含有微量的信息素额林,因为它的存在增强了中国的吸引力,但尚未在北美进行测试。在这两个地点,无论先前的森林干扰如何,(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇诱饵吸引的甲虫最多。除了一种情况外,在两个地点,释放痕量frontalin的诱饵比没有它的相应诱饵吸引了更多的甲虫。总的来说,前一年来自不同管理处理的干扰对D.valens的引诱吸引力影响最小。用于检测、监测或管理(−)‐β-蒎烯 + 乙醇 + 到目前为止,在太平洋西北部的松林中,微量的额林吸引了最多的甲虫。
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引用次数: 0
Western pine beetle voltinism in a changing California climate 西部松甲虫在加利福尼亚气候变化中的voltinism
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12586
Barbara J. Bentz, Daniel R. Cluck, Beverly M. Bulaon, Sheri L. Smith

加利福尼亚州最近的高温干旱导致黄松(Pinus yellowosa)和西部松甲虫(WPB,Dendroctus brevicomis)死亡。虽然干旱本身就可能导致树木死亡,但气候变暖对WPB的直接影响是一个促成因素。然而,对WPB产生时间(电压主义)的研究却缺乏。我们在加利福尼亚州的两个地点监测了WPB树的攻击和成虫的出现时间,并根据现场观测数据开发了学位日模型。加州几个地点的历史、当代和未来温度与该模型一起用于研究WPB电压主义的趋势。现场数据显示,在加利福尼亚州北部的一个地点,只有一个夏季和一个越冬代。随着夏季温度超过1900–1980年的平均值,到2021年,WPB全代和部分代的预测数量已从历史上的每年约2代(一个夏季和一个越冬)增加到加利福尼亚州北部两个地点的约2.3代,在加利福尼亚州两个较温暖的地点从约2.3代增加到约3.2代。历史和当代数据表明,冬季变暖不足以让额外一代人越冬。相反,几代人的增长是由夏季和秋季的温度驱动的。未来年度世代数量的无限制增长将受到复杂但尚未得到充分理解的WPB热适应的限制。增加对温度驱动的WPB种群增长的了解将改善森林植被模型,该模型旨在预测气候变化中黄松的死亡率。
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引用次数: 1
The effects of chilling and forcing temperatures on spring synchrony between larch casebearer and tamarack 低温和强迫温度对落叶松和柽柳间春季同步的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12588
Claudia Nanninga, Samuel F. Ward, Brian H. Aukema, Rebecca A. Montgomery

春季的酚学同步性对树木和昆虫的相互作用可能很重要。根据酚类变化的幅度和方向,越冬昆虫可能会受到多种影响,例如,面临饥饿或不得不应对寄主树木增强的化学或物理防御。如果温度对树木和昆虫的酚学有不同的影响,气候变化可以改变春季的酚学同步性。在这个实验中,我们将来自美国明尼苏达州的罗望子幼苗和落叶松背壳幼虫暴露在各种低温和强迫温度下,并测量春季的表型(枝条芽断裂和幼虫激活)。我们还测量了案例携带者对暴露于不同强迫×冷藏水平的幼苗的表现,跟踪幼虫成年后的存活率。温暖增强了幼虫的激活和芽裂,但超过21°C后,幼虫的发育速度减慢。更高的冷藏温度加速了芽的破裂,但对幼虫的影响还没有定论。这两个物种都没有令人不寒而栗的相互作用。与幼苗相比,幼虫的春季活动随着温度的升高而加速得更快,这导致在温暖的温度下增加了酚学同步性。越冬幼虫的激活率在27°C时最高,而春季激活后的成年存活率在21°C时最大。在27°C或以上的温度下,没有幼虫达到成年期。温暖的冬季和春季最初可能会增加罗望子和落叶松的春季同步性,使幼虫暴露在更年轻、可能更有营养的树叶中,但极端温暖的春季温度可能会降低幼虫成年后的存活率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Agricultural and Forest Entomology
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