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Cotton harvest aid products can favour the formation of structures that protect Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from insecticide application Produtos auxiliares da colheita do algodão podem favorecer a formação de estruturas que protegem Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) da aplicação de inseticidas 棉花助收剂产品有利于形成保护棉蚜(鞘翅目:瘤蚜科)免受杀虫剂侵害的结构 棉花助收剂产品有利于形成保护棉蚜(鞘翅目:瘤蚜科)免受杀虫剂侵害的结构
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12604
Willian Santos do Vale, Beatriz M. L. de Moraes, Iuri dos Santos, Beatriz S. Coelho, Ana Carolina P. Cardoso, Benício de M. Santos Neto, Lilian R. Araújo, Cristina S. Bastos, Carlos A. Domingues da Silva, Maria Aparecida Castellani

摘要棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)具有不确定的生长习性。因此,植物生长季节导致作物具有大量未成熟的营养和生殖结构,因此需要使用脱叶剂来促进这些结构的脱落,从而实现机械收获。然而,使用脱叶剂会对未成熟果实的发育产生负面影响。本研究考察了脱叶剂单独使用或相互组合使用对棉花干燥和畸形生殖结构(称为干铃)形成的影响,干铃在棉花休休期被棉铃象鼻虫Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman用作遮蔽处。研究了脱叶剂单独施用、相互配用或与杀虫剂配用对棉铃象鼻虫死亡率的影响。此外,还测定了干棉铃内棉铃象鼻虫对杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明,在施用20 d后,脱叶剂可使干铃数比对照增加3.4倍。所研究的脱叶剂单独施用时对棉铃象鼻虫没有毒性作用,单独施用或与杀虫剂配伍时也没有毒性协同效应。在喷洒杀虫剂的实验结束时,将棉铃象鼻虫置于干燥的蒴果中,其活棉铃象鼻虫的数量是未置于干燥蒴果中的8.4倍。脱叶剂可增加干棉铃的形成,从而降低棉铃象鼻虫因施用杀虫剂造成的死亡率,阻碍害虫管理。
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引用次数: 0
Flower diversity on organic farms increases invasive ants rather than non-invasive natural enemies 有机农场的花卉多样性增加了入侵蚂蚁,而非非入侵天敌
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12603
Amy E. Sparer, Melina K. Madden, Carmen K. Blubaugh

众所周知,增加农业生态系统中的植物多样性可以加强对自然害虫的抑制,但可靠地预测哪种非作物管理措施最有利于天敌仍然是一个挑战。农民通常通过管理花丛或允许杂草丛生的非作物植物生长来补充多样性,这两种方法都可以支持多样化、丰富和平衡的昆虫捕食者群落,提供生物防治。与此同时,捕食者之间的均一性和生物防治的有效性可能会受到优势节肢动物入侵者的损害,这些入侵者从非作物多样性中获益。我们通过对37个有机农场西葫芦作物的植物和昆虫的调查,研究了花卉资源还是相邻杂草对天敌的均匀度和丰度的影响更大。花的丰富度和杂草的丰富度都不影响昆虫捕食者的均匀度。相反,入侵捕食者红蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)的丰度随着植物资源多样性的增加而增加,这与非入侵捕食者的均匀度和丰度呈负相关。这些结果表明,当入侵掠食者干扰时,植物多样性可能是一个不太可靠的天敌多样性预测指标。加强生物防治服务的栖息地管理建议应考虑并潜在地减轻对入侵掠食者占主导地位的农场提供花卉资源的意外后果。
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引用次数: 0
Control decision-making systems for Anacampsis phytomiella in cashew orchards as a function of insecticide spray method and irrigation use 喷洒杀虫剂的方法和灌溉使用对腰果园中 Anacampsis phytomiella 的控制决策系统的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12602
Damaris Rosa de Freitas, Maria do Socorro Cavalcante de Souza Mota, Daiane das Graças do Carmo, Mayara Moledo Picanço, Mayara Cristina Lopes, Guilherme Pratissoli Pancieri, Antônio Lindemberg Martins Mesquita, Rubens Sonsol Gondim, Marcelo Coutinho Picanço

腰果(Anacardium occidentale)是热带主要果树之一,其栗子是世界上消费量最大的果树。腰果果园在灌溉和非灌溉条件下进行管理,农药使用手动(手动喷雾器)或拖拉机喷雾器。板栗蛾(鳞翅目:板栗科)是腰果栗子的主要害虫,造成果园产量损失高达53%。抽样计划和经济伤害水平(eil)是病虫害综合治理(IPM)规划决策系统的一部分。在灌溉和未灌溉的腰果果园中,EIL根据喷洒杀虫剂的方法(手动喷雾器或拖拉机)而有所不同。本研究的目的是确定腰果果霉的EIL和序贯取样计划。决策系统是根据3年来从44个果园收集的数据确定的。以10个栗子为一组的栗子,不同的灌溉和杀虫剂喷洒方式,其il值在0.53 ~ 1.53之间。使用现场收集的数据(100%的油田提供正确的决策,平均节省83.65%的时间)、操作特性(OC)和平均样本数曲线验证了顺序采样计划。综上所述,确定的决策系统可以纳入腰果果园植物蚜的IPM规划,因为它们能够做出正确、快速和具有成本效益的虫害防治决策。
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引用次数: 0
Silvopastoral systems benefit invertebrate biodiversity on tropical livestock farms in Caquetá, Colombia 林牧系统有利于哥伦比亚卡克塔热带畜牧场的无脊椎动物生物多样性
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12594
Lois Kinneen, María Paula Escobar, Luis Miguel Hernandez, Jill Thompson, Yardany Ramos-Pastrana, Eric Córdoba-Suarez, Miguel Romero-Sanchez, Andrew Barnes, Marcela Quintero, Michael P. D. Garratt
  1. In the Colombian Amazon, there has been long-term and sustained loss of primary forest threatening biodiversity and climate change mitigation. Silvopastoral practices that integrate trees into livestock production could help address both local economic and wider environmental challenges.
  2. We aimed to assess the effects of silvopastoral practices on invertebrate communities on smallholder farms in Caquetá, Colombia. Using sweep nets and malaise trapping, invertebrate communities were compared between traditional pasture, silvopasture and forest edge habitats.
  3. Invertebrate communities collected using sweep nets were contrasting among habitat types, communities were significantly different between traditional pasture and forest edge habitats and diversity and evenness were greatest in forest edges compared to traditional pastures. It appears that silvopasture areas, by supporting similar invertebrate assemblages to both traditional pasture and forest edges, may be acting as an intermediate habitat.
  4. When individual invertebrate orders were compared, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were found in greater abundance in the forest edge habitats, while Hemiptera were more abundant in traditional pasture. Hemipterans are often pests of forage plants in pasture systems and these differences in abundance may have implications for ecosystem services and disservices.
  5. Silvopastoral approaches cannot replace the unique biodiversity supported by native forests but could deliver benefits for invertebrate conservation and ecosystem services if integrated into landscapes.
在哥伦比亚亚马逊地区,原始森林长期持续减少,威胁着生物多样性和气候变化的减缓。将树木纳入畜牧业生产的造林放牧法有助于应对当地经济和更广泛的环境挑战。 我们旨在评估造林放牧实践对哥伦比亚卡克塔小农农场无脊椎动物群落的影响。我们使用扫网和诱捕法对传统牧场、造林牧场和森林边缘栖息地的无脊椎动物群落进行了比较。 使用扫网收集到的无脊椎动物群落在不同生境类型之间形成了鲜明对比,传统牧场和森林边缘生境之间的群落差异显著,森林边缘的多样性和均匀度与传统牧场相比最高。由此看来,造林牧场地区与传统牧场和森林边缘栖息地的无脊椎动物群落相似,可能是一种中间栖息地。 在比较各个无脊椎动物门类时发现,森林边缘栖息地的鳞翅目和鞘翅目无脊椎动物数量更多,而传统牧场的半翅目无脊椎动物数量更多。半翅目昆虫通常是牧场系统中饲料植物的害虫,这些丰度上的差异可能会对生态系统服务和非服务产生影响。 造林放牧方法不能取代原始森林所支持的独特生物多样性,但如果与景观相结合,则可为无脊椎动物保护和生态系统服务带来益处。
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引用次数: 0
Wrong landing on a non-host occurs under the canopy of a host: The presumed path of the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus to approach its host 非寄主への誤着地は寄主の樹冠下で起こる:カシノナガキクイムシの寄主へのアプローチ経路の推定 错误地降落在非寄主上 发生在寄主树冠下:鸭嘴菊甲虫接近寄主的假定路径发生在寄主树冠下:假定的伏甲鸭嘴兽接近寄主的路径
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12601
Michimasa Yamasaki, Kenshiro Tatsumi, Tetsuya Kobayashi, Yasuto Ito

摘要鸭嘴兽(Platypus quercivorus)是引起柞木枯萎病的病原菌载体。其寄主为壳斗科树木;然而,这些甲虫也会错误地钻进不合适的非寄主树种,这可能会受到邻近寄主树种和非寄主大小的影响。我们在槲寄生的寄主和非寄主树种上贴上了粘片,并在甲虫扩散的季节统计了每周降落的甲虫数量。我们量化了每棵非寄主树的冠层密度、周围寄主的基底面积和胸径。寄主的冠层密度影响甲虫落在非寄主上的概率,寄主的基底面积和非寄主胸径影响甲虫落在非寄主上的数量。因此,querciorus可能最初被密集的寄主树冠所吸引,然后被高密度的寄主所吸引,然后聚集到茂密的树木上,包括非寄主物种。落在周围寄主上的甲虫数量也会影响到落在非寄主上的甲虫,这表明,在许多甲虫落在寄主上的季节,落在非寄主上是一种高频率发生的错误。
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引用次数: 0
The semiochemical push-and-pull technique can reduce bark beetle damage in disturbed Norway spruce forests affected by the Vaia storm 半化学推拉技术可减少受维亚风暴影响的挪威云杉林中树皮甲虫的危害
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12600
Luca Deganutti, Filippo Biscontin, Iris Bernardinelli, Massimo Faccoli

摘要:在一场大型风阻干扰后,我们在阿尔卑斯山东南部进行了一项为期2年的实地研究,测试了大规模使用一种半化学推拉策略来保护易感的挪威云杉边缘树免受欧洲云杉树皮甲虫Ips typographus(鞘翅目:Curculionidae, Scolytinae)的侵害。这两年都使用了以聚集信息素(“拉”)和三种驱避半化学物质(“推”)为诱饵的槽式陷阱。2020年,26个被风吹的地区被分为三个级别的虫害风险,每个地区被随机分配到三个实验方案中的一个:8个推拉站点;9个捕集器站点和9个对照站点。2021年,在22个被侵染的云杉林砍伐区重复了试验,采用了两种方案:16个推挽式和6个对照点。2020年使用了50个陷阱和1500个驱蚊器,2021年使用了26个陷阱和1500个驱蚊器。推拉技术在风后条件下(2020年试验)表现良好,特别是在高虫害风险的情况下,与未经处理的地点相比,对森林边缘的破坏显著降低。单独使用信息素诱捕器不足以避免森林边缘的定植,特别是在高风险地点。当将推拉方案应用于砍伐地区(2021年试验)时,该技术的效果较差,并且没有显着减少森林边缘的受感染树木数量。还讨论了可能与气候条件的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Climate change impacts the risk of invasion of eucalypt pests in Brazil 气候变化对巴西桉树害虫入侵风险的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12599
Juliana Santos da Mota, Leonardo Rodrigues Barbosa, Cesar Augusto Marchioro

摘要识别生物入侵高发区被认为是制定植物检疫措施以预防生物入侵的重要步骤。由于气候变化可能影响物种的栖息地适宜性,理想情况下,在入侵风险评估中应考虑到这一点。本文研究了气候变化对巴西桉树生境适宜性和入侵风险的影响,这些桉树害虫包括:绿桉树、灰桉树、灰桉树、灰桉树、灰桉树、灰桉树和sloanei。分布范围的变化取决于物种、年份和气候变化情景。其中4种的分布范围将减小,2种的分布范围将增大。此外,根据气候变化情景,预测两个物种的分布会减少或增加。在靠近国际机场和高货运量海港的主要桉树产区,入侵风险预计会增加。我们的研究为了解气候变化对8种潜在入侵桉树害虫分布的影响提供了重要的贡献,并加强了在入侵风险评估中考虑物种栖息地适宜性变化的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Size of emerald ash borer in North Carolina, USA: Preliminary evidence for a sawtooth cline? 美国北卡罗莱纳州白蜡蛀虫的规模:锯齿线的初步证据?
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12598
Christine A. Nalepa, G. Ryan Bohannon, Kelly L. F. Oten

我们验证了Marshall等人(2013)的假设,即在美国,绿绿色灰螟虫(Agrilus planipennis, EAB)的体型存在反向伯格曼斜长,在最南端的纬度(37°N)采集到的雌虫最大(= 12.6 mm长)。2020年,我们在北卡罗莱纳州(NC)位于35.64°N的地点采用了三种技术(紫色棱镜诱捕器[PPTs], log emergence, Cerceris fumipennis生物监测)采集EAB。该研究于2021年重复进行,但用绿色漏斗陷阱取代了log emergence。此外,还测定了三种不同海拔地区富米彭氏库蚊所采集的EAB。总体而言,2020年收集的EAB平均为12.02毫米,从测井曲线中产生的EAB明显小于从ppt中产生的EAB。3个海拔点采集到的雌蚊体长差异不显著,平均为12.01 mm。2021年捕集器、诱集器和烟纹库蚊雌虫数量差异不显著,均大于2020年(= 12.41 mm);从2020年的数据集中剔除较小的log -出现的EAB并没有改变结果。在37°N时,NC的平均EAB尺寸从未达到报道的12.6 mm,无论测试的技术或海拔。我们扩大了研究EAB体大小的纬度范围,可能会将提出的反向伯格曼斜向转变为锯齿状或其他非线性模型,这可能与EAB在NC纬度或附近的voltinism转变有关。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the abundance and diversity of sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) within commercial Sitka spruce plantation forests in mid-Wales 调查威尔士中部商业锡特卡云杉人工林中锯蝇(膜翅目,Symphyta)的丰度和多样性
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12591
A. Enston, D. T. Williams

锡特卡云杉在英国是一种广泛种植且具有重要经济意义的树种;因此,识别未来对其生产力的任何生物或非生物威胁都很重要。落叶昆虫被广泛认为是主要的森林干扰因子,其中可能包括锯蝇(Symphyta),众所周知,锯蝇的种群密度很高,会导致重大的疫情爆发,导致树木死亡或影响生长。本研究的目的是调查海拔范围内锡特卡云杉林中锯蝇的丰度和多样性,并评估是否存在任何潜在的重要物种。在威尔士中部的两个商业林场建立了试验区,并使用黄盘诱捕器对成年锯蝇群落进行了为期3年的评估。在这3年的时间里,共捕获了60种锯蝇,占英国已知锯蝇物种的11%以上。结果表明,在海拔较低、温度较高的地区,锯蝇的丰度和多样性普遍较高。在这项研究中捕获的最丰富的锯蝇物种是著名的落叶物种,山地云杉锯蝇(Epicenematus montanus),在哈夫伦森林的低海拔地区发现的数量特别多。实验区还捕获了另外七种与云杉相关的锯蝇。该研究强调了一些与云杉相关的著名锯蝇物种(E.montanus和Pristiphora spp.)的存在,其中一些物种在欧洲造成了云杉(Picea)物种的严重落叶。这些锯蝇在低海拔地区的丰度普遍较高,这表明锡特卡云杉在未来可能更容易受到锯蝇爆发引起的落叶事件的影响,尤其是在考虑到目前预测的气候变化预测时。
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引用次数: 0
Local and landscape context affects bee communities in mixed fruit orchards in Southern Thailand 当地和景观环境影响泰国南部混合果园的蜜蜂群落
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/afe.12597
Suntaree Karnchananiyom, Kanuengnit Wayo, Tuanjit Sritongchuay, Natapot Warrit, Korrawat Attasopa, Sara Bumrungsri

蜜蜂对多种作物和野生植物的授粉起着重要作用。然而,蜜蜂受到城市化和农业集约化导致的森林砍伐和栖息地退化的威胁,这减少了花卉和筑巢资源。在本研究中,从沿景观复杂性梯度分布的28个成熟果园中,确定了当地(果园大小、开花植物丰度和丰富度以及花卉丰度)和景观因素(周围的农业、森林和城市覆盖)对混合果园蜜蜂丰富度和丰富度的影响。蜜蜂被观察了15天 2分钟 × 2. m个地块。我们将所有蜜蜂分为三组:(a)蜜蜂,(b)独居蜜蜂和(c)无刺蜜蜂。发现一些当地和景观因素会影响蜜蜂的丰富度和丰度。蜜蜂丰富度受果园大小的正向影响,而蜜蜂丰富度则不受影响。无刺蜂的丰富度和丰富度与花的丰富度呈正相关。半径3公里范围内的森林覆盖对独居蜜蜂的丰富度产生了积极影响。孤立蜂的数量受到半径3公里范围内森林覆盖的积极影响,而受到半径1.5公里范围内城市覆盖的消极影响。在我们的研究区域,发现了大量的小森林斑块;因此,相对于森林内部,森林边缘的高比例极大地支持了该景观中孤独蜜蜂的丰富性。此外,大多数独居蜜蜂都是在土壤中筑巢的物种,可能被排除在从自然发展到人类进化的环境之外。保护传粉昆虫的建议包括保护现有的森林斑块,特别是森林边缘;恢复农田景观中的森林斑块;在混合果园内保持草本植物和草的多样性;建立由多种植物组成的活栅栏,并将枯树保留在农田内。对于城市地区,建议增加绿地中的花卉资源。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Agricultural and Forest Entomology
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