Young‐gyun Park, Souvic Sarker, Jong Hwi Baek, Laeun Jang, Minhyeok Kwon, Un Taek Lim
Many studies have explored the potential of companion plants to manage pests through top–down or bottom–up effects in agricultural fields. Buckwheat is known as a good candidate for companion planting with various crops to enhance pest management, but rarely in soybeans.We investigated the impact of planting buckwheat as a new companion plant on the population dynamics of major soybean pests and their natural enemies in soybean fields in Andong, Republic of Korea. We recorded numbers of pests and natural enemies at 9–10‐day intervals from 20 soybean plants each in eight small experimental fields throughout the cropping season.Significant reduction in pests, such as Riptortus pedestris (F.) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) adults, and a significant increase in natural enemies, such as Orius species (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae), were observed in the buckwheat treatment plots. However, there were significant increases in other pests, such as leafminers and leafhoppers, in the buckwheat treatment plots. While we observed effects on R. pedestris adult density, we did not find significant effects on other developmental stages of this pest or its parasitoids.Although there were some concerns in the buckwheat treatment plots, the positive effects of buckwheat in soybean fields appear to outweigh the drawbacks. Buckwheat is likely a suitable companion plant for use in soybeans to manage pests.
{"title":"Buckwheat as a companion plant in soybean fields: Implications for management of major pests","authors":"Young‐gyun Park, Souvic Sarker, Jong Hwi Baek, Laeun Jang, Minhyeok Kwon, Un Taek Lim","doi":"10.1111/afe.12645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12645","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Many studies have explored the potential of companion plants to manage pests through top–down or bottom–up effects in agricultural fields. Buckwheat is known as a good candidate for companion planting with various crops to enhance pest management, but rarely in soybeans.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We investigated the impact of planting buckwheat as a new companion plant on the population dynamics of major soybean pests and their natural enemies in soybean fields in Andong, Republic of Korea. We recorded numbers of pests and natural enemies at 9–10‐day intervals from 20 soybean plants each in eight small experimental fields throughout the cropping season.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Significant reduction in pests, such as <jats:italic>Riptortus pedestris</jats:italic> (F.) (Hemiptera: Alydidae) adults, and a significant increase in natural enemies, such as <jats:italic>Orius</jats:italic> species (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae), were observed in the buckwheat treatment plots. However, there were significant increases in other pests, such as leafminers and leafhoppers, in the buckwheat treatment plots. While we observed effects on <jats:italic>R. pedestris</jats:italic> adult density, we did not find significant effects on other developmental stages of this pest or its parasitoids.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Although there were some concerns in the buckwheat treatment plots, the positive effects of buckwheat in soybean fields appear to outweigh the drawbacks. Buckwheat is likely a suitable companion plant for use in soybeans to manage pests.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron R. Yilmaz, Giacomo Santoiemma, Giacomo Cavaletto, Jenny Barnett, Davide Rassati, Michael E. Reding, Christopher M. Ranger
Infestations of ambrosia beetles in the tribe Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) are associated with economic losses to horticultural trees due to branch die‐back and tree death. Ethanol is a key attractant used for monitoring flight activity.Trapping experiments were conducted in woodlots in Ohio, USA, and Veneto, Italy, to characterize the effect of ethanol release rate on captures of Anisandrus maiche, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xylosandrus crassiusculus and Xylosandrus germanus. In Ohio (2019, 2020 and 2021) and Italy (2021), traps were baited with centrifuge tubes that were modified to achieve ethanol release rates of 0.1–13.2 g/day. In Ohio (2022), traps were baited with varying quantities of manufactured lures to achieve release rates of 0.02–1.4 g/day.There was no consistent relationship between ethanol release rate and trap captures for the modified centrifuge tubes. In nine of sixteen analyses, traps baited with the centrifuge tubes releasing ethanol at 1.1 g/day or higher collected more A. maiche, X. saxesenii, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus than traps baited with centrifuge tubes releasing 0.1 g/day. In contrast, the manufactured lures releasing 0.1–1.4 g/day attracted more A. maiche, X. saxesenii, X. crassiusculus and X. germanus than lures releasing 0.02–0.05 g/day.This comprehensive study provides important insights into monitoring tactics for ambrosia beetles along with implications for optimizing ethanol‐baited traps as part of a ‘push‐pull’ strategy whereby repellents are used to ‘push’ beetles away from vulnerable trees and attractants are used to ‘pull’ them into annihilative traps.
{"title":"Trap captures of invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as influenced by ethanol release rate","authors":"Aaron R. Yilmaz, Giacomo Santoiemma, Giacomo Cavaletto, Jenny Barnett, Davide Rassati, Michael E. Reding, Christopher M. Ranger","doi":"10.1111/afe.12643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Infestations of ambrosia beetles in the tribe Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) are associated with economic losses to horticultural trees due to branch die‐back and tree death. Ethanol is a key attractant used for monitoring flight activity.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Trapping experiments were conducted in woodlots in Ohio, USA, and Veneto, Italy, to characterize the effect of ethanol release rate on captures of <jats:italic>Anisandrus maiche</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Xyleborinus saxesenii</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Xylosandrus crassiusculus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Xylosandrus germanus</jats:italic>. In Ohio (2019, 2020 and 2021) and Italy (2021), traps were baited with centrifuge tubes that were modified to achieve ethanol release rates of 0.1–13.2 g/day. In Ohio (2022), traps were baited with varying quantities of manufactured lures to achieve release rates of 0.02–1.4 g/day.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>There was no consistent relationship between ethanol release rate and trap captures for the modified centrifuge tubes. In nine of sixteen analyses, traps baited with the centrifuge tubes releasing ethanol at 1.1 g/day or higher collected more <jats:italic>A. maiche</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>X. saxesenii</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>X. crassiusculus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>X. germanus</jats:italic> than traps baited with centrifuge tubes releasing 0.1 g/day. In contrast, the manufactured lures releasing 0.1–1.4 g/day attracted more <jats:italic>A. maiche</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>X. saxesenii</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>X. crassiusculus</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>X. germanus</jats:italic> than lures releasing 0.02–0.05 g/day.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>This comprehensive study provides important insights into monitoring tactics for ambrosia beetles along with implications for optimizing ethanol‐baited traps as part of a ‘push‐pull’ strategy whereby repellents are used to ‘push’ beetles away from vulnerable trees and attractants are used to ‘pull’ them into annihilative traps.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henry Ikome Becke, Tange Denis Achiri, Justin Nambangia Okolle, Nelson Neba Ntonifor, Christopher Ngosong
The banana mealybug Pseudococcus elisae Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is a pest of economic importance in Cameroon that requires effective control practices, especially after the routinely used chlorpyrifos insecticide was banned in 2019. For effective mealybug control, it is imperative to understand their ecology in relation to banana growth stages and climate‐induced seasonal variations. Therefore, the influence of climatic variables and banana growth stages on a spatio‐temporal distribution of mealybugs in Esuke and Benoe banana plantations of the Cameroon Development Corporation in Tiko was assessed.A 60‐ha area was mapped in each plantation and divided into 12 plots of 5 ha each, which were further sub‐divided into four quadrants of 1.25 ha. A total of 10 banana suckers, 10 pre‐flowering, 10 flowering and 10 bunchy plants were sampled per quadrant.Monthly mealybug population dynamics were assessed across 2 years in 2021 and 2022 on lower or upper pseudostem, leaves and banana bunches.Significant yearly and monthly mealybug population variation on banana plants were observed, with more mealybugs in 2022 than 2021, and two monthly mealybug peaks in February and November (p < 0.001). Mealybug population was higher on banana bunches and lower or upper pseudostem than on leaves (p < 0.001). Mealybugs preferred bunchy plants than suckers or pre‐flowering and flowering plants, and exhibited clumped distribution with Taylor aggregation index (b) greater than one (p < 0.001). A simple linear regression revealed strong positive effects of high temperature on mealybug population ecology, while relative humidity and rainfall had inverse effects on the population of mealybug.These highlight the dynamics of banana mealybug population ecology under variable climatic conditions and banana growth stages, which provides valuable baseline information to facilitate developing effective control strategies for mealybugs in banana plantations.
{"title":"Influence of climate and banana growth stages on spatio‐temporal variation of banana mealybug Pseudococcus elisaeBorchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) population ecology","authors":"Henry Ikome Becke, Tange Denis Achiri, Justin Nambangia Okolle, Nelson Neba Ntonifor, Christopher Ngosong","doi":"10.1111/afe.12642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12642","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>The banana mealybug <jats:italic>Pseudococcus elisae</jats:italic> Borchsenius (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is a pest of economic importance in Cameroon that requires effective control practices, especially after the routinely used chlorpyrifos insecticide was banned in 2019. For effective mealybug control, it is imperative to understand their ecology in relation to banana growth stages and climate‐induced seasonal variations. Therefore, the influence of climatic variables and banana growth stages on a spatio‐temporal distribution of mealybugs in Esuke and Benoe banana plantations of the Cameroon Development Corporation in Tiko was assessed.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>A 60‐ha area was mapped in each plantation and divided into 12 plots of 5 ha each, which were further sub‐divided into four quadrants of 1.25 ha. A total of 10 banana suckers, 10 pre‐flowering, 10 flowering and 10 bunchy plants were sampled per quadrant.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Monthly mealybug population dynamics were assessed across 2 years in 2021 and 2022 on lower or upper pseudostem, leaves and banana bunches.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Significant yearly and monthly mealybug population variation on banana plants were observed, with more mealybugs in 2022 than 2021, and two monthly mealybug peaks in February and November (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). Mealybug population was higher on banana bunches and lower or upper pseudostem than on leaves (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). Mealybugs preferred bunchy plants than suckers or pre‐flowering and flowering plants, and exhibited clumped distribution with Taylor aggregation index (b) greater than one (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> < 0.001). A simple linear regression revealed strong positive effects of high temperature on mealybug population ecology, while relative humidity and rainfall had inverse effects on the population of mealybug.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>These highlight the dynamics of banana mealybug population ecology under variable climatic conditions and banana growth stages, which provides valuable baseline information to facilitate developing effective control strategies for mealybugs in banana plantations.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the loss of effective chemical controls of crop pests, a move towards biological controls is a way to future‐proof our agricultural system. Floral field margins have shown successes in reducing crop pests, though the effect may not be precise enough to control infestations in commercial crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may provide a more species‐ and time‐specific control and combining these methods may have synergy.Three in‐field vegetation margins, divided into four plots each (two floral and two grass), were established in March 2022. Three strips of sprouting broccoli were planted parallel in April, May and June. Each strip had a split‐plot design, with eight replicates of four nematode treatments placed alongside each floral/grass plot: Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and a nematode‐free control.Pest pressure was assessed using adult counts. Assessments of crop yield and crop damage associated specifically with the swede smidge (Contarinia nasturtii) were also made.It was found that utilising a combination of control measures was successful in controlling a wider range of pests, though the success of each control method was highly dependent on the time of crop plantings. Field margins had a significant influence on crop damage associated with the swede midge. The EPN H. bacteriophora was an effective control method for the cabbage stem flea beetle and the swede midge, as well as reducing crop damage and yield loss.Field margins and EPNs combined have an interactive effect on crop yield, highlighting the need for control methods to be tested in combination in future integrated pest management research to accurately understand their effects within an integrated system.
{"title":"Combining biological control approaches for managing insect crop pests in the field can generate interactive effects","authors":"Lucy I. Crowther, Andrew Wilby, Kenneth Wilson","doi":"10.1111/afe.12639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12639","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>With the loss of effective chemical controls of crop pests, a move towards biological controls is a way to future‐proof our agricultural system. Floral field margins have shown successes in reducing crop pests, though the effect may not be precise enough to control infestations in commercial crops. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may provide a more species‐ and time‐specific control and combining these methods may have synergy.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Three in‐field vegetation margins, divided into four plots each (two floral and two grass), were established in March 2022. Three strips of sprouting broccoli were planted parallel in April, May and June. Each strip had a split‐plot design, with eight replicates of four nematode treatments placed alongside each floral/grass plot: <jats:italic>Steinernema carpocapsae</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. feltiae</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</jats:italic> and a nematode‐free control.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Pest pressure was assessed using adult counts. Assessments of crop yield and crop damage associated specifically with the swede smidge (<jats:italic>Contarinia nasturtii</jats:italic>) were also made.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>It was found that utilising a combination of control measures was successful in controlling a wider range of pests, though the success of each control method was highly dependent on the time of crop plantings. Field margins had a significant influence on crop damage associated with the swede midge. The EPN <jats:italic>H. bacteriophora</jats:italic> was an effective control method for the cabbage stem flea beetle and the swede midge, as well as reducing crop damage and yield loss.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Field margins and EPNs combined have an interactive effect on crop yield, highlighting the need for control methods to be tested in combination in future integrated pest management research to accurately understand their effects within an integrated system.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis M. Torres‐Vila, Rafael López‐Calvo, Francisco Ponce‐Escudero, F. Javier Mendiola‐Díaz, Félix Fernández‐Moreno, Álvaro Sánchez‐González
Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are a very diverse group whose species vary greatly in morphology and behaviour, particularly in diel activity. The type genus Cerambyx includes two large oak‐ling sympatric species (Cerambyx cerdo and Cerambyx welensii) that exhibit a crepuscular/nocturnal (dim‐light) lifestyle, but their actual diel activity remains largely unclear.We used phototraps in the wild to assess if diel activity depended on either species, sex or annual meteorology. Phototraps were highly effective, and the imaged activities were representative of beetles' life, including interactions with some vertebrate species.Both longhorns exhibited roughly similar crepuscular/nocturnal behaviour, with daytime activity being usually residual or erratic. Diel activity increased sharply just before dusk, peaked between dusk and early dark night (23:00–2:00 h), and then dropped progressively until disappearing at dawn. Diel activity was sexually dimorphic in C. welensii, as in some years females tended to be active earlier than males.Distinctly, in 2022, the warmest and driest year recorded in the study area, diel activity curves were flatter and wider, with C. cerdo activity increasing in the late afternoon (19:00–21:30 h) and C. welensii in the second half of the night (3:00–6:00 h). Furthermore, both species boosted daytime activity (diurnality) by more than three times, and diurnality also increased over the season that year.We finally hypothesise that, under the current climate change scenario, extreme droughts impact diel activity in these species, particularly boosting diurnality, in an attempt to locate water/food sources to counteract body dehydration.
{"title":"Phototrap‐assessed diel activity of Cerambyx cerdo and Cerambyx welensii sympatric populations in the wild: Does extreme drought boost diurnality?","authors":"Luis M. Torres‐Vila, Rafael López‐Calvo, Francisco Ponce‐Escudero, F. Javier Mendiola‐Díaz, Félix Fernández‐Moreno, Álvaro Sánchez‐González","doi":"10.1111/afe.12641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are a very diverse group whose species vary greatly in morphology and behaviour, particularly in diel activity. The type genus <jats:italic>Cerambyx</jats:italic> includes two large oak‐ling sympatric species (<jats:italic>Cerambyx cerdo</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Cerambyx welensii</jats:italic>) that exhibit a crepuscular/nocturnal (dim‐light) lifestyle, but their actual diel activity remains largely unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We used phototraps in the wild to assess if diel activity depended on either species, sex or annual meteorology. Phototraps were highly effective, and the imaged activities were representative of beetles' life, including interactions with some vertebrate species.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Both longhorns exhibited roughly similar crepuscular/nocturnal behaviour, with daytime activity being usually residual or erratic. Diel activity increased sharply just before dusk, peaked between dusk and early dark night (23:00–2:00 h), and then dropped progressively until disappearing at dawn. Diel activity was sexually dimorphic in <jats:italic>C. welensii,</jats:italic> as in some years females tended to be active earlier than males.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Distinctly, in 2022, the warmest and driest year recorded in the study area, diel activity curves were flatter and wider, with <jats:italic>C. cerdo</jats:italic> activity increasing in the late afternoon (19:00–21:30 h) and <jats:italic>C. welensii</jats:italic> in the second half of the night (3:00–6:00 h). Furthermore, both species boosted daytime activity (diurnality) by more than three times, and diurnality also increased over the season that year.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We finally hypothesise that, under the current climate change scenario, extreme droughts impact diel activity in these species, particularly boosting diurnality, in an attempt to locate water/food sources to counteract body dehydration.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forest management practices creating small‐scale forest edge habitats in managed forests have substantial impacts on the formation of beetle assemblages.In 2021, we conducted research in a managed oak woodland in Central Slovakia using three flight interception traps (FITs) to study beetle assemblages. Two FITs were installed at the forest edge, facing both, the clearing and the closed‐stand forest, while the third FIT was positioned 100 m within the closed‐canopy forest. We employed a novel methodological approach, which involved separately collected subsamples within the ecotone using FITs differentiated as ‘ecotone inwards’ and ‘ecotone outwards’ to capture distinct directional movements at the edge.We recorded 5.997 beetle specimens, encompassing 417 species across 284 genera and 58 families. We found that the species diversity and abundance of beetles were not significantly different between the FITs. However, the species composition was significantly different.The partial detrended canonical correspondence analysis suggests that these compositional differences might be closely associated with the distribution of trophic guilds, indicating varied responses to habitat modifications induced by forest edge creation. The results of our study showed that phloephagous, saproxylophagous, xylomycetophagous, xylophagous and zoophagous beetles exhibited a positive association with the forest edge, while mycophagous, phytophagous and saprophagous groups were distinctly associated with the closed‐canopy forest.Our analyses indicated that the ‘ecotone outward’ part of forest edges of managed forest may attract higher number of trophic groups, while the ‘ecotone inward’ part of the forest edge hosted high abundances of phloephagous and xylomycetophagous species.
{"title":"Beetle assemblage distribution along edge–forest gradient in a managed oak forest","authors":"Attila Balázs, Jan Bezděk, Jan Šipoš","doi":"10.1111/afe.12640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Forest management practices creating small‐scale forest edge habitats in managed forests have substantial impacts on the formation of beetle assemblages.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In 2021, we conducted research in a managed oak woodland in Central Slovakia using three flight interception traps (FITs) to study beetle assemblages. Two FITs were installed at the forest edge, facing both, the clearing and the closed‐stand forest, while the third FIT was positioned 100 m within the closed‐canopy forest. We employed a novel methodological approach, which involved separately collected subsamples within the ecotone using FITs differentiated as ‘ecotone inwards’ and ‘ecotone outwards’ to capture distinct directional movements at the edge.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We recorded 5.997 beetle specimens, encompassing 417 species across 284 genera and 58 families. We found that the species diversity and abundance of beetles were not significantly different between the FITs. However, the species composition was significantly different.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The partial detrended canonical correspondence analysis suggests that these compositional differences might be closely associated with the distribution of trophic guilds, indicating varied responses to habitat modifications induced by forest edge creation. The results of our study showed that phloephagous, saproxylophagous, xylomycetophagous, xylophagous and zoophagous beetles exhibited a positive association with the forest edge, while mycophagous, phytophagous and saprophagous groups were distinctly associated with the closed‐canopy forest.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our analyses indicated that the ‘ecotone outward’ part of forest edges of managed forest may attract higher number of trophic groups, while the ‘ecotone inward’ part of the forest edge hosted high abundances of phloephagous and xylomycetophagous species.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Santiago Masagué, Axel Bruchhausen, Guillermo Rozas, Gerardo José De La Vega, José Villacide, Juan Carlos Corley, Andrés S. Martínez
Sirex noctilio is an invasive forest wasp that affects pines in many parts of the globe and can result in severe economic losses.Current trapping methods for monitoring the pest rely heavily on non‐specific semiochemicals. This lack of specificity can translate into low attraction/capture levels, something that is undesired, especially when the intent is to detect the pest when still at low population densities. In this context, an interesting opportunity arises to increase trap sensitivity by incorporating visual cues.For this, we evaluated potential sources of visual information that, in accordance with the ecology of the species, could elicit an attractive response complementary to the olfactory cues.We measured the reflectance spectra of pine bark, chlorotic needles and woodwasp male abdomens. The spectra were then compared with 120 commercial paint colours to be applied on panel traps.During two flight seasons, field experiments were conducted with the deployment of 155 traps, combining the volatile bait (turpentine) and different coloured traps.We observed a significantly higher number of captures towards traps with pine bark‐like colourations compared with the black control traps.Our results are encouraging, as they suggest the potential of combining visual and chemical information for sustainable pest biomonitoring.
{"title":"The relevance of integrating multiple sensory modalities into capturing devices: The case of the global pest Sirex noctilio","authors":"Santiago Masagué, Axel Bruchhausen, Guillermo Rozas, Gerardo José De La Vega, José Villacide, Juan Carlos Corley, Andrés S. Martínez","doi":"10.1111/afe.12637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12637","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item><jats:italic>Sirex noctilio</jats:italic> is an invasive forest wasp that affects pines in many parts of the globe and can result in severe economic losses.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Current trapping methods for monitoring the pest rely heavily on non‐specific semiochemicals. This lack of specificity can translate into low attraction/capture levels, something that is undesired, especially when the intent is to detect the pest when still at low population densities. In this context, an interesting opportunity arises to increase trap sensitivity by incorporating visual cues.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>For this, we evaluated potential sources of visual information that, in accordance with the ecology of the species, could elicit an attractive response complementary to the olfactory cues.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We measured the reflectance spectra of pine bark, chlorotic needles and woodwasp male abdomens. The spectra were then compared with 120 commercial paint colours to be applied on panel traps.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>During two flight seasons, field experiments were conducted with the deployment of 155 traps, combining the volatile bait (turpentine) and different coloured traps.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We observed a significantly higher number of captures towards traps with pine bark‐like colourations compared with the black control traps.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Our results are encouraging, as they suggest the potential of combining visual and chemical information for sustainable pest biomonitoring.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrés S. Martínez, Carola Dreidemie, Fernan Inchaurza, Agustin Cucurull, Marian Basti, Maité Masciocchi
We describe the development and validation of an autonomous monitoring station that identifies and records the movement of social insects into and out of the colony.The hardware consists of an illuminated channel and a fixed camera to capture the wasps' activities. An ad hoc post‐processing software was developed to identify the direction of movement and caste of the recorded individuals.Validation results indicate that the model can detect with high levels of accuracy the presence of workers, drones and gynes, whereas direction of movement is accurate only for workers and drones, but not for gynes. Further development of the software and hardware should enable higher levels of accuracy, especially in terms of the direction of movement of reproductive individuals.This innovative tool holds immense potential for advancing ecological and behavioural research by providing researchers with rapid and easily accessible data.Understanding the activity patterns of individual wasps within the colony can yield valuable insights into factors influencing their growth, foraging patterns and the behaviour of reproductive individuals. Ultimately, this information can be incorporated into effective management plans for controlling harmful social insect populations in both ecological and productive systems.
{"title":"Advancing social insect research through the development of an automated yellowjacket nest activity monitoring station using deep learning","authors":"Andrés S. Martínez, Carola Dreidemie, Fernan Inchaurza, Agustin Cucurull, Marian Basti, Maité Masciocchi","doi":"10.1111/afe.12638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12638","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>We describe the development and validation of an autonomous monitoring station that identifies and records the movement of social insects into and out of the colony.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The hardware consists of an illuminated channel and a fixed camera to capture the wasps' activities. An ad hoc post‐processing software was developed to identify the direction of movement and caste of the recorded individuals.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Validation results indicate that the model can detect with high levels of accuracy the presence of workers, drones and gynes, whereas direction of movement is accurate only for workers and drones, but not for gynes. Further development of the software and hardware should enable higher levels of accuracy, especially in terms of the direction of movement of reproductive individuals.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>This innovative tool holds immense potential for advancing ecological and behavioural research by providing researchers with rapid and easily accessible data.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Understanding the activity patterns of individual wasps within the colony can yield valuable insights into factors influencing their growth, foraging patterns and the behaviour of reproductive individuals. Ultimately, this information can be incorporated into effective management plans for controlling harmful social insect populations in both ecological and productive systems.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141570010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ips cembrae, an important pest of European larch (Larix decidua), has caused local outbreaks in the last two decades and is becoming increasingly important as the proportion of European larch in forests increases. In 2021–2023, larch logs and piles of branches were placed into shaded forest and sunlit areas every month to study bark beetle species on logging residues. After adult emergence, the logs and branches were debarked, and the infestation density of bark beetles was analysed. The results indicate that shading, log diameter and top/bottom parts of log had a significant effect on infestation density of I. cembrae on logs. The infestation density of I. cembrae was higher on logs felled between December and June than on logs felled between July and November. Shading of branches was the most significant variable affecting the bark beetle species composition on branches. All four of the bark beetle species recorded were affected by diameter of the branches. Ips cembrae primarily infested sunlit branches while Cryphalus intermedius preferred shaded branches. In contrast, the infestation densities of Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus seemed to be affected primarily by moisture content of the branches.
Ips cembrae是欧洲落叶松（Larix decidua）的一种重要害虫，在过去二十年中造成了局部爆发，随着欧洲落叶松在森林中所占比例的增加，其重要性也日益增加。2021-2023年期间，每个月都将落叶松原木和成堆的树枝放置在森林阴暗处和阳光充足处，以研究伐木残留物上的树皮甲虫种类。成虫出现后，对原木和树枝进行剥皮，分析树皮甲虫的侵扰密度。结果表明，遮光、原木直径和原木上下部分对 I. cembrae 在原木上的侵染密度有显著影响。12 月至 6 月间砍伐的原木上的 I. cembrae 侵染密度高于 7 月至 11 月间砍伐的原木上的 I. cembrae 侵染密度。记录到的所有四种树皮甲虫都受到树枝直径的影响。Ips cembrae主要侵扰阳光照射的树枝，而Cryphalus intermedius则喜欢阴暗的树枝。相比之下，Pityogenes chalcographus 和 Pityophthorus pityographus 的侵扰密度似乎主要受树枝含水量的影响。
{"title":"Bark beetles on logging residues of European larch: Effects of shading and diameter of logging residues on infestation density","authors":"Jakub Špoula, Emanuel Kula","doi":"10.1111/afe.12636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12636","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Ips cembrae, an important pest of European larch (Larix decidua), has caused local outbreaks in the last two decades and is becoming increasingly important as the proportion of European larch in forests increases.\u0000In 2021–2023, larch logs and piles of branches were placed into shaded forest and sunlit areas every month to study bark beetle species on logging residues. After adult emergence, the logs and branches were debarked, and the infestation density of bark beetles was analysed. The results indicate that shading, log diameter and top/bottom parts of log had a significant effect on infestation density of I. cembrae on logs. The infestation density of I. cembrae was higher on logs felled between December and June than on logs felled between July and November.\u0000Shading of branches was the most significant variable affecting the bark beetle species composition on branches. All four of the bark beetle species recorded were affected by diameter of the branches. Ips cembrae primarily infested sunlit branches while Cryphalus intermedius preferred shaded branches. In contrast, the infestation densities of Pityogenes chalcographus and Pityophthorus pityographus seemed to be affected primarily by moisture content of the branches.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141354468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cuff, D. Gajski, Radek Michalko, O. Košulič, Stano Pekár
Conservation biocontrol, the regulation of crop pests by naturally occurring biocontrol agents (e.g., predators and parasitoids), is predominantly monitored throughout periods of primary crop growth when pests exert the most observable impact on yields. Pest‐focused agricultural biomonitoring often overlooks post‐harvest, winter and even early‐season biocontrol, despite the significant predator–pest interactions during these periods that profoundly affect pest abundance and, consequently, crop yields. Rapid advances in biomonitoring, particularly in the detection of predator–pest interactions that underpin biocontrol, provide an opportunity to reconsider how and when we monitor these interactions. Advances in agricultural biomonitoring must transcend methodological innovation and encompass conceptual changes in the monitoring of agricultural systems. Here, we assess existing evidence supporting the importance of periods beyond primary crop growth for biocontrol and how predator–pest interactions are likely to evolve during these periods, subsequently influencing pest population dynamics during the primary crop growth period. We advocate for a greater concerted effort to establish continuous monitoring of biocontrol interactions, particularly beyond primary crop growth periods in temperate climates. To facilitate this, we also summarise the methodological approaches that can make it possible and explore how extending sampling across the full annual cycle might impact the practicalities and outcomes of these approaches. Year‐round monitoring of biocontrol interactions, both in crops and adjacent semi‐natural habitats, will provide a previously intractable understanding of predator–pest dynamics, offering significant potential to enhance our ability to optimise and manipulate these systems. This would manifest in reduced crop yield losses, pest infestation rates and disease transmission, with concomitant long‐term financial, environmental and land‐use benefits.
{"title":"Biomonitoring of biocontrol across the full annual cycle in temperate climates: Post‐harvest, winter and early‐season interaction data and methodological considerations for its collection","authors":"J. Cuff, D. Gajski, Radek Michalko, O. Košulič, Stano Pekár","doi":"10.1111/afe.12635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12635","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Conservation biocontrol, the regulation of crop pests by naturally occurring biocontrol agents (e.g., predators and parasitoids), is predominantly monitored throughout periods of primary crop growth when pests exert the most observable impact on yields. Pest‐focused agricultural biomonitoring often overlooks post‐harvest, winter and even early‐season biocontrol, despite the significant predator–pest interactions during these periods that profoundly affect pest abundance and, consequently, crop yields. Rapid advances in biomonitoring, particularly in the detection of predator–pest interactions that underpin biocontrol, provide an opportunity to reconsider how and when we monitor these interactions.\u0000Advances in agricultural biomonitoring must transcend methodological innovation and encompass conceptual changes in the monitoring of agricultural systems. Here, we assess existing evidence supporting the importance of periods beyond primary crop growth for biocontrol and how predator–pest interactions are likely to evolve during these periods, subsequently influencing pest population dynamics during the primary crop growth period.\u0000We advocate for a greater concerted effort to establish continuous monitoring of biocontrol interactions, particularly beyond primary crop growth periods in temperate climates. To facilitate this, we also summarise the methodological approaches that can make it possible and explore how extending sampling across the full annual cycle might impact the practicalities and outcomes of these approaches.\u0000Year‐round monitoring of biocontrol interactions, both in crops and adjacent semi‐natural habitats, will provide a previously intractable understanding of predator–pest dynamics, offering significant potential to enhance our ability to optimise and manipulate these systems. This would manifest in reduced crop yield losses, pest infestation rates and disease transmission, with concomitant long‐term financial, environmental and land‐use benefits.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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