Recent years have seen significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This advancement has enabled the development of decision support systems that support farmers with herbivorous pest identification and pest monitoring. In these systems, the AI supports farmers through the detection, classification and quantification of herbivorous pests. However, many of the systems under development fall short of meeting the demands of the end user, with these shortfalls acting as obstacles that impede the integration of these systems into integrated pest management (IPM) practices. There are four common obstacles that restrict the uptake of these AI‐driven decision support systems. Namely: AI technology effectiveness, functionality under field conditions, the level of computational expertise and power required to use and run the system and system mobility. We propose four criteria that AI‐driven systems need to meet in order to overcome these challenges: (i) The system should be based on effective and efficient AI; (ii) The system should be adaptable and capable of handling ‘real‐world’ image data collected from the field; (iii) Systems should be user‐friendly, device‐driven and low‐cost; (iv) Systems should be mobile and deployable under multiple weather and climate conditions. Systems that meet these criteria are likely to represent innovative and transformative systems that successfully integrate AI technology with IPM principles into tools that can support farmers.
{"title":"Can artificial intelligence be integrated into pest monitoring schemes to help achieve sustainable agriculture? An entomological, management and computational perspective","authors":"Daniel J. Leybourne, Nasamu Musa, Po Yang","doi":"10.1111/afe.12630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12630","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Recent years have seen significant advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology. This advancement has enabled the development of decision support systems that support farmers with herbivorous pest identification and pest monitoring.\u0000In these systems, the AI supports farmers through the detection, classification and quantification of herbivorous pests. However, many of the systems under development fall short of meeting the demands of the end user, with these shortfalls acting as obstacles that impede the integration of these systems into integrated pest management (IPM) practices.\u0000There are four common obstacles that restrict the uptake of these AI‐driven decision support systems. Namely: AI technology effectiveness, functionality under field conditions, the level of computational expertise and power required to use and run the system and system mobility.\u0000We propose four criteria that AI‐driven systems need to meet in order to overcome these challenges: (i) The system should be based on effective and efficient AI; (ii) The system should be adaptable and capable of handling ‘real‐world’ image data collected from the field; (iii) Systems should be user‐friendly, device‐driven and low‐cost; (iv) Systems should be mobile and deployable under multiple weather and climate conditions.\u0000Systems that meet these criteria are likely to represent innovative and transformative systems that successfully integrate AI technology with IPM principles into tools that can support farmers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crop type rather than production method determines functional trait composition of insect communities on arable land in boreal agricultural landscapes","authors":"Marjaana Toivonen, Erja Huusela, Terho Hyvönen, Ari Järvinen, Mikko Kuussaari","doi":"10.1111/afe.12629","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12629","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 4","pages":"445-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12629","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben S. J. Hawthorne, Jordan P. Cuff, Larissa E. Collins, Darren M. Evans
Biomonitoring of agriculturally important insects is increasingly vital given our need to understand: (a) the severity of impacts by pests and pathogens on crop yield and health and (b) the impact of environmental change and land management on insects, in line with sustainable development and global conservation targets.Traditional entomological traps remain an important part of the biomonitoring toolbox, but sample processing is laborious and introduces latency, and accuracy can be variable. The integration of molecular techniques such as environmental DNA and DNA metabarcoding into insect biomonitoring has gained increasing attention, but the advantages of doing so, the kind of data this can generate, and how easily and effectively molecular analyses can be integrated with the diverse types of entomological traps currently used remains relatively unclear.In this review, we examine how combining DNA metabarcoding with a range of conventional and unconventional entomological sampling techniques can advance biomonitoring in a way that is useful to researchers and practitioners. We highlight some of the key challenges and how to mitigate them, using examples of its integration with different sampling methods from the literature (e.g., interception, pitfall and sticky traps) to demonstrate efficacy and suitability.We discuss how metabarcoding data can be used to infer ecological networks, emphasizing the importance of this as a framework for understanding species interactions and ecosystem functioning for more effective and descriptive biomonitoring.Finally, future advances in biomonitoring are highlighted, alongside recommendations of best practice for researchers both new to and experienced in invertebrate biomonitoring with metabarcoding.
由于我们需要了解：(a) 害虫和病原体对作物产量和健康的严重影响；(b) 环境变化和土地管理对昆虫的影响，以实现可持续发展和全球保护目标，因此对具有重要农业意义的昆虫进行生物监测变得越来越重要。传统的昆虫诱捕器仍然是生物监测工具箱的重要组成部分，但样本处理费时费力，而且准确性可能会有差异。将环境 DNA 和 DNA 元条码等分子技术整合到昆虫生物监测中的做法日益受到关注，但这样做的优势、可生成的数据种类以及如何将分子分析与目前使用的各种昆虫诱捕器轻松有效地整合在一起等问题仍相对不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们将探讨如何将 DNA 元条码与一系列常规和非常规的昆虫学取样技术相结合，以对研究人员和从业人员有用的方式推进生物监测工作。我们强调了一些关键挑战以及如何缓解这些挑战，并使用文献中不同取样方法（如拦截、坑阱和粘性诱捕器）的整合实例来证明其有效性和适用性。我们讨论了如何利用代谢条码数据来推断生态网络，强调了将其作为了解物种相互作用和生态系统功能框架的重要性，以便进行更有效的描述性生物监测。最后，我们还强调了生物监测的未来发展，并为使用元标码进行无脊椎动物生物监测的新手和经验丰富的研究人员提出了最佳实践建议。
{"title":"Metabarcoding advances agricultural invertebrate biomonitoring by enhancing resolution, increasing throughput and facilitating network inference","authors":"Ben S. J. Hawthorne, Jordan P. Cuff, Larissa E. Collins, Darren M. Evans","doi":"10.1111/afe.12628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12628","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>Biomonitoring of agriculturally important insects is increasingly vital given our need to understand: (a) the severity of impacts by pests and pathogens on crop yield and health and (b) the impact of environmental change and land management on insects, in line with sustainable development and global conservation targets.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Traditional entomological traps remain an important part of the biomonitoring toolbox, but sample processing is laborious and introduces latency, and accuracy can be variable. The integration of molecular techniques such as environmental DNA and DNA metabarcoding into insect biomonitoring has gained increasing attention, but the advantages of doing so, the kind of data this can generate, and how easily and effectively molecular analyses can be integrated with the diverse types of entomological traps currently used remains relatively unclear.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>In this review, we examine how combining DNA metabarcoding with a range of conventional and unconventional entomological sampling techniques can advance biomonitoring in a way that is useful to researchers and practitioners. We highlight some of the key challenges and how to mitigate them, using examples of its integration with different sampling methods from the literature (e.g., interception, pitfall and sticky traps) to demonstrate efficacy and suitability.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We discuss how metabarcoding data can be used to infer ecological networks, emphasizing the importance of this as a framework for understanding species interactions and ecosystem functioning for more effective and descriptive biomonitoring.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Finally, future advances in biomonitoring are highlighted, alongside recommendations of best practice for researchers both new to and experienced in invertebrate biomonitoring with metabarcoding.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140937237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An introduction to high‐speed photography and its entomological impact is provided, emphasizing the importance of high frame rates and high resolution.The take‐off and free flight of Drepanosiphum platanoidis and Myzus persicae were studied in still air using high‐speed photography in HD.The wing tip and body posture were tracked to show how they are displaced during each wingbeat cycle. The important structural elements of the wing are described.The wingbeat is driven by a reinforced leading edge, the pterostigma and costa. The remainder of the coupled fore‐ and hindwing acts as a single aerofoil that deforms during flight, due to sparse venation and a lack of cross veins.During flight, aphids use a ‘near clap and fling’ mechanism with a body pitch close to 90°. Rapid acceleration about the thoracic lateral axis into wing reversal generates enough lift for take‐off, typically within the first or second wingbeat.Unique footage shows that aphids demonstrate a high degree of flight control and manoeuvrability in the lab, occasionally using forward and inverted flight, two flight modes that are otherwise poorly known.While research into the impact of turbulent convection is needed, we posit that the strength of atmospheric forces presents a formidable challenge to aphid migrants. Above the flight boundary layer, migrating aphids may not easily oppose upwardly moving air, although if used, ‘frozen flight’ may cause them to descend on average.We evaluate five devices for insect flight research.
{"title":"How aphids fly: Take‐off, free flight and implications for short and long distance migration","authors":"James R. Bell, Graham Shephard","doi":"10.1111/afe.12623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12623","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:list> <jats:list-item>An introduction to high‐speed photography and its entomological impact is provided, emphasizing the importance of high frame rates and high resolution.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The take‐off and free flight of <jats:italic>Drepanosiphum platanoidis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Myzus persicae</jats:italic> were studied in still air using high‐speed photography in HD.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The wing tip and body posture were tracked to show how they are displaced during each wingbeat cycle. The important structural elements of the wing are described.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>The wingbeat is driven by a reinforced leading edge, the pterostigma and costa. The remainder of the coupled fore‐ and hindwing acts as a single aerofoil that deforms during flight, due to sparse venation and a lack of cross veins.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>During flight, aphids use a ‘near clap and fling’ mechanism with a body pitch close to 90°. Rapid acceleration about the thoracic lateral axis into wing reversal generates enough lift for take‐off, typically within the first or second wingbeat.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>Unique footage shows that aphids demonstrate a high degree of flight control and manoeuvrability in the lab, occasionally using forward and inverted flight, two flight modes that are otherwise poorly known.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>While research into the impact of turbulent convection is needed, we posit that the strength of atmospheric forces presents a formidable challenge to aphid migrants. Above the flight boundary layer, migrating aphids may not easily oppose upwardly moving air, although if used, ‘frozen flight’ may cause them to descend on average.</jats:list-item> <jats:list-item>We evaluate five devices for insect flight research.</jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140630015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing an improved lure for attracting the pine sawyer beetle (Monochamus galloprovincialis) with reduced bycatch of predatory beetles","authors":"Krzysztof J. Rudziński, Lidia Sukovata, Monika Asztemborska, Aleksandra Wróblewska, Klara Nestorowicz, Rafał Szmigielski","doi":"10.1111/afe.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 4","pages":"433-444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contrasting late season pest insect abundance in non-crop vegetation areas and nearby canola fields in the Canadian Prairies","authors":"Rebecca Innes, Tobyn Neame, Paul Galpern","doi":"10.1111/afe.12626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 3","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lulama G. Madire, Terence Olckers, Guy Sutton, David O. Simelane
生物防治工作者需要证明，候选制剂不仅可以安全释放，而且会在其新的分布区广泛建立，对目标杂草产生重大影响。我们在隔离区进行了这项研究，以深入了解 2023 年初释放的食根跳甲虫 Heikertingerella sp.（Chrysomelidae）对南非入侵树木 Tecoma stans (L.)（Bignoniaceae）的影响和分布情况。我们研究了低密度和高密度甲虫对植物生长和生物量以及甲虫 F1 代后代产量的影响。与对照组相比，受到甲虫影响的植物的生长和生物量积累明显减少。在甲虫密度较高的情况下，P1 成虫破坏的小叶明显较多，F1 后代的产量也明显较高。MaxEnt 模型的预测结果表明，南非大部分地区的气候非常适合 Heikertingerella sp.甲虫的热生理学由其临界最低和最高热温度以及致死温度（LT50）的下限和上限决定，这表明在南非属于 T. stans 范围的八个省份中，至少有四个省份对极端温度具有耐受性。我们的研究结果进一步证明了在南非适宜地区释放 Heikertingerella sp.
{"title":"Predicted impact, establishment and distribution of Heikertingerella sp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), recently released for the biological control of Tecoma stans in South Africa\u0000 Impacto, establecimiento y distribución previstos de Heikertingerella sp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), liberado recientemente para el control biológico de Tecoma stans en Sudáfrica","authors":"Lulama G. Madire, Terence Olckers, Guy Sutton, David O. Simelane","doi":"10.1111/afe.12625","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 3","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The expansion of the Australian tortoise beetle Trachymela sloanei (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae, Chrysomelini, Paropsina) in Spain: Using human-made shelters for an early detection strategy\u0000 Expansión del escarabajo tortuga australiano Trachymela sloanei (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae, Chrysomelini, Paropsina) en España: uso de estructuras artificiales como estrategia de detección temprana","authors":"Francisco Valera, Jesús Veiga, Eulalia Moreno, Luis Bolonio, Teresa Martínez","doi":"10.1111/afe.12624","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 3","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12624","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140578697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of Agrilus cuprescens (Ménétries, 1832), the rose stem girdler, in North America","authors":"Justin K. O'Dea","doi":"10.1111/afe.12622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 3","pages":"296-313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/afe.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spider guilds in a maize polyculture respond differently to plant diversification, landscape composition and stage of the agricultural cycle\u0000 Los gremios de arañas en un policultivo de maíz responden diferencialmente a la diversificación de plantas, la composición del paisaje y la etapa del ciclo agrícola","authors":"Luis G. Quijano-Cuervo, Ek del-Val, Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez, Wesley Dáttilo, Simoneta Negrete-Yankelevich","doi":"10.1111/afe.12620","DOIUrl":"10.1111/afe.12620","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":7454,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Forest Entomology","volume":"26 3","pages":"373-385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140002188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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