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The harmful effects of plant preparations 植物制剂的有害作用
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.129091
Nicole Stefańska, Joanna Wieczfinska, R. Pawliczak
Natural medicine, although it has been used for centuries, has only recently gained increasing interest and is treated as a remedy for all ailments. It is very often abused due to a lack of sufficient knowledge about potential adverse reactions and possible interactions between plant preparations and particular drugs. Moreover, traditional medicine used for a long period of time without restriction can lead to permanent damage to health and even death. This paper outlines the dangers of harmful effects of plant preparations when used inappropriately and when co-interacting substances are combined.
天然药物虽然已经使用了几个世纪,但直到最近才引起越来越多的兴趣,并被视为治疗所有疾病的药物。由于对植物制剂与特定药物之间潜在的不良反应和可能的相互作用缺乏足够的了解,它经常被滥用。此外,长期不加限制地使用传统药物会对健康造成永久性损害,甚至导致死亡。本文概述了植物制剂在使用不当和相互作用物质组合时的有害影响的危险。
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引用次数: 0
The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response 细胞因子和趋化因子在炎症反应中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.131708
Gabriela Harvanová, Silvia Duranková, Jarmila Bernasovská
AMA Harvanová G, Duranková S, Bernasovská J. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708. APA Harvanová, G., Duranková, S., & Bernasovská, J. (2023). The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), 210-219. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131708 Chicago Harvanová, Gabriela, Silvia Duranková, and Jarmila Bernasovská. 2023. "The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response". Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3): 210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708. Harvard Harvanová, G., Duranková, S., and Bernasovská, J. (2023). The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.210-219. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131708 MLA Harvanová, Gabriela et al. "The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, pp. 210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708. Vancouver Harvanová G, Duranková S, Bernasovská J. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708.
AMA Harvanová G, Duranková S, Bernasovská J. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708.APA Harvanová, G., Duranková, S., & Bernasovská, J. (2023).细胞因子和趋化因子在炎症反应中的作用》。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131708 Chicago Harvanová, Gabriela, Silvia Duranková, and Jarmila Bernasovská.2023."细胞因子和趋化因子在炎症反应中的作用》。Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3):210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708.Harvard Harvanová, G., Duranková, S., and Bernasovská, J. (2023).细胞因子和趋化因子在炎症反应中的作用》。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131708 MLA Harvanová, Gabriela et al. "The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.210-219.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no.3,2023,pp.210-219.doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708。Vancouver Harvanová G, Duranková S, Bernasovská J. The role of cytokines and chemokines in the inflammatory response.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):210-219. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131708.
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引用次数: 0
Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study 特异性过敏原免疫治疗——类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一项真实的研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.131709
Adam Górka, Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak, Rafał Pawliczak
AMA Górka A, Kopa-Stojak P, Pawliczak R. Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):187-198. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131709. APA Górka, A., Kopa-Stojak, P., & Pawliczak, R. (2023). Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131709 Chicago Górka, Adam, Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak, and Rafał Pawliczak. 2023. "Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study". Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3): 187-198. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131709. Harvard Górka, A., Kopa-Stojak, P., and Pawliczak, R. (2023). Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.187-198. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131709 MLA Górka, Adam et al. "Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, pp. 187-198. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131709. Vancouver Górka A, Kopa-Stojak P, Pawliczak R. Specific allergen immunotherapy – comparison between allergoids and allergen vaccines. A real-life study. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):187-198. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131709.
Górka A, Kopa-Stojak P, Pawliczak R.特异性过敏原免疫治疗-类过敏原疫苗和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究。过敏症波兰-波兰过敏症杂志。2023;10(3):187-198。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131709。APA Górka, A., Kopa-Stojak, P., & Pawliczak, R.(2023)。特异性过敏原免疫治疗——类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究。波兰变态反应学杂志,10(3),187-198。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131709芝加哥Górka, Adam, Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak和rafazov Pawliczak。2023。特异性过敏原免疫疗法——类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究”。波兰过敏症杂志10(3):187-198。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131709。哈佛Górka, A., Kopa-Stojak, P.,和Pawliczak, R.(2023)。特异性过敏原免疫治疗——类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究。中国过敏症杂志,10(3),pp.187-198。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131709 MLA Górka, Adam等。特异性过敏原免疫疗法——类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究。”波兰过敏学杂志,第10卷,第10期。3, 2023,第187-198页。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131709。[1]王晓明,王晓明,王晓明,等。特异性过敏原免疫治疗-类过敏原和过敏原疫苗的比较。一个真实的研究。过敏症波兰-波兰过敏症杂志。2023;10(3):187-198。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131709。
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引用次数: 0
The effectiveness of new antibiotics in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia 新型抗生素治疗社区获得性肺炎的疗效观察
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.129082
Nikodem Trzcina, Joanna Wieczfinska, R. Pawliczak
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), defined as acute pulmonary parenchymal infection acquired outside the hospital, remains one of the most common causes of hospitalization and death, especially among people over 65 and those with impaired immunity. This is a serious problem due to aging societies in many countries and comorbidities. Despite the development of diagnostic methods, in half of the patients with CAP, the etiology cannot be determined, which emphasizes the importance of empirical treatment and the risk of increasing antibiotic resistance to available preparations. In recent years, new antibiotics have been approved for the treatment of CAP, which may significantly improve the possibilities of empirical treatment of CAP
社区获得性肺炎(CAP),定义为在医院外获得的急性肺实质感染,仍然是住院和死亡的最常见原因之一,特别是在65岁以上和免疫功能受损的人群中。由于许多国家的老龄化社会和合并症,这是一个严重的问题。尽管发展了诊断方法,但在半数CAP患者中,无法确定病因,这强调了经验性治疗的重要性以及对现有制剂增加抗生素耐药性的风险。近年来,新的抗生素被批准用于治疗CAP,这可能会显著提高经验治疗CAP的可能性
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引用次数: 0
Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance? 一种新的治疗选择,在哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗低共付。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.131710
Przemysław Seweryn, Andrzej Emeryk, Maciej Kupczyk, Radosław Gawlik, Tomasz Dębowski, Grzegorz Sztaba, Rafał Pawliczak
AMA Seweryn P, Emeryk A, Kupczyk M, et al. Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):189-201. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131710. APA Seweryn, P., Emeryk, A., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Dębowski, T., & Sztaba, G. et al. (2023). Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131710 Chicago Seweryn, Przemysław, Andrzej Emeryk, Maciej Kupczyk, Radosław Gawlik, Tomasz Dębowski, Grzegorz Sztaba, and Rafał Pawliczak. 2023. "Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?". Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3): 189-201. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131710. Harvard Seweryn, P., Emeryk, A., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Dębowski, T., Sztaba, G., and Pawliczak, R. (2023). Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.189-201. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131710 MLA Seweryn, Przemysław et al. "Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, pp. 189-201. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131710. Vancouver Seweryn P, Emeryk A, Kupczyk M, Gawlik R, Dębowski T, Sztaba G et al. Formodual – a new therapeutic option in asthma and chronic obturative pulmonary disease treatment with low copayment. Does the therapy cost influence patients’ compliance?. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):189-201. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131710.
张建军,张建军,张建军,等。一种新的治疗选择,在哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗低共付。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?波兰过敏症杂志。2023;10(3):189-201。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131710。APA Seweryn, P., Emeryk, A., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Dębowski, T., & Sztaba, G.等(2023)。一种新的治疗选择,在哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗低共付。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?波兰过敏症-波兰过敏症杂志,10(3),189-201。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131710 Chicago Seweryn, Przemysław, Andrzej Emeryk, Maciej Kupczyk, Radosław Gawlik, Tomasz Dębowski, Grzegorz Sztaba, rafazov Pawliczak. 2023。“Formodual——一种低共付的哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗的新选择。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?波兰过敏症杂志10(3):189-201。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131710。Harvard Seweryn, P., Emeryk, A., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Dębowski, T., Sztaba, G.,和Pawliczak, R.(2023)。一种新的治疗选择,在哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗低共付。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?波兰过敏学杂志,10(3),pp.189-201。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131710 MLA Seweryn, Przemysław等。“Formodual——一种低共付的哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗的新选择。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?”波兰过敏学杂志,第10卷,第10期。3, 2023,页189-201。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131710。王晓明,王晓明,王晓明,等。一种新的治疗选择,在哮喘和慢性闭合性肺病治疗低共付。治疗费用是否影响患者的依从性?波兰过敏症杂志。2023;10(3):189-201。doi: 10.5114 / pja.2023.131710。
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引用次数: 0
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance 组胺不耐受的诊断和治疗指南
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.131553
Krzysztof Buczyłko, Anna Bartnicka, Jerzy Kruszewski, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Krzysztof Piwowarek, Maciej Kupczyk, Radosław Gawlik, Dariusz Lebensztejn, Zbigniew Bartuzi, Jan Mazela, Agnieszka Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz
AMA Buczyłko K, Bartnicka A, Kruszewski J, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553. APA Buczyłko, K., Bartnicka, A., Kruszewski, J., Plata-Nazar, K., Piwowarek, K., & Kupczyk, M. et al. (2023). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131553 Chicago Buczyłko, Krzysztof, Anna Bartnicka, Jerzy Kruszewski, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Krzysztof Piwowarek, Maciej Kupczyk, and Radosław Gawlik et al. 2023. "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance". Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3): 141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553. Harvard Buczyłko, K., Bartnicka, A., Kruszewski, J., Plata-Nazar, K., Piwowarek, K., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Lebensztejn, D., Bartuzi, Z., Mazela, J., and Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A. (2023). Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.141-151. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131553 MLA Buczyłko, Krzysztof et al. "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, pp. 141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553. Vancouver Buczyłko K, Bartnicka A, Kruszewski J, Plata-Nazar K, Piwowarek K, Kupczyk M et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553.
AMA Buczyłko K, Bartnicka A, Kruszewski J, et al. 组胺不耐受的诊断和管理指南。Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553.APA Buczyłko, K., Bartnicka, A., Kruszewski, J., Plata-Nazar, K., Piwowarek, K., & Kupczyk, M. et al. (2023)。组胺不耐受的诊断和管理指南》。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131553 Chicago Buczyłko, Krzysztof, Anna Bartnicka, Jerzy Kruszewski, Katarzyna Plata-Nazar, Krzysztof Piwowarek, Maciej Kupczyk, and Radosław Gawlik et al. 2023."组胺不耐受的诊断和管理指南》。Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3):141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553.Harvard Buczyłko, K., Bartnicka, A., Kruszewski, J., Plata-Nazar, K., Piwowarek, K., Kupczyk, M., Gawlik, R., Lebensztejn, D., Bartuzi, Z., Mazela, J., and Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz, A. (2023).组胺不耐受的诊断和管理指南》。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131553 MLA Buczyłko, Krzysztof et al. "Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of histamine intolerance." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.141-151.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no.doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553.Vancouver Buczyłko K, Bartnicka A, Kruszewski J, Plata-Nazar K, Piwowarek K, Kupczyk M et al. 组胺不耐受的诊断和管理指南。Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):141-151. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131553.
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引用次数: 0
Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy 药物前预防簇免疫治疗反应的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.131707
Müge Olgaç, Semra Demir, Derya Ünal, Raif Coşkun, Bahaauddin Çolakoğlu, Suna Büyüköztürk, Aslı Gelincik
AMA Olgaç M, Demir S, Ünal D, et al. Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707. APA Olgaç, M., Demir, S., Ünal, D., Coşkun, R., Çolakoğlu, B., & Büyüköztürk, S. et al. (2023). Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), 180-186. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131707 Chicago Olgaç, Müge, Semra Demir, Derya Ünal, Raif Coşkun, Bahaauddin Çolakoğlu, Suna Büyüköztürk, and Aslı Gelincik. 2023. "Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy". Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3): 180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707. Harvard Olgaç, M., Demir, S., Ünal, D., Coşkun, R., Çolakoğlu, B., Büyüköztürk, S., and Gelincik, A. (2023). Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.180-186. https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131707 MLA Olgaç, Müge et al. "Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no. 3, 2023, pp. 180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707. Vancouver Olgaç M, Demir S, Ünal D, Coşkun R, Çolakoğlu B, Büyüköztürk S et al. Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy. Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology. 2023;10(3):180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707.
AMA Olgaç M, Demir S, Ünal D, et al.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707.APA Olgaç, M., Demir, S., Ünal, D., Coşkun, R., Çolakoğlu, B., & Büyüköztürk, S. et al. (2023)。用药前预防集束免疫疗法反应的作用》(Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy)。https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131707 Chicago Olgaç, Müge, Semra Demir, Derya Ünal, Raif Coşkun, Bahaauddin Çolakoğlu, Suna Büyüköztürk, and Aslı Gelincik.2023."集束免疫疗法中预用药在预防反应中的作用》。Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology 10 (3):180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707.Harvard Olgaç, M., Demir, S., Ünal, D., Coşkun, R., Çolakoğlu, B., Büyüköztürk, S., and Gelincik, A. (2023).用药前预防集束免疫疗法反应的作用》(Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy.https://doi.org/10.5114/pja.2023.131707 MLA Olgaç, Müge et al. "Role of premedication to prevent reactions in cluster immunotherapy." Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, 10(3), pp.180-186.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology, vol. 10, no.doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707.Vancouver Olgaç M, Demir S, Ünal D, Coşkun R, Çolakoğlu B, Büyüköztürk S et al.Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology.2023;10(3):180-186. doi:10.5114/pja.2023.131707.
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引用次数: 0
Significantly higher death toll along with COVID-19 mortality than influenza have been reduced by vaccination and restrictions 通过接种疫苗和限制措施,COVID-19的死亡人数和死亡率明显高于流感
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.125766
P. Rieske
The article demonstrates estimated data of influenza and COVID-19 morbidity and infection fatality rate (IFR) mortality in the context of restrictions and vaccination (years 2020-2021 mostly developed countries). A division into two age groups was included: Up to 65 years of age and over 65 years of age. Influenza mortality (IFR) did not change between 2020 and 2021 and was about 0.05% among all, and 0.005 among those under 65 years of age. IFR COVID-19 was on average approx. 0.5% overall, and in groups under 65 years of age a minimum of 0.07%. COVID-19 morbidity varied greatly from about 50/100,000 in Japan to 600/100,000 in Peru during 2020 plus 2021. In the United States and Poland, about 250 per 100 thousand in 2 years. The morbidity rate of COVID-19 in lower risk groups was 70/100 thousand in the United States. The pre-2020 flu morbidity rate in the United States ranged from 1-10 per 100,000 per season. In the 2020/21 season, it decreased to 1/100 thousand. In groups 65 age old and younger, influenza morbidity in the United States was about 0.3 per 100,000 in the 2020/2021 season, and in typical seasons 0.3 to 3/100,000. Examples of absolute numbers. In the United States, in 2021, COVID-19 471,000 victims (a year of available vaccinations). Influenza season 2021 max. 4,500 victims. The average flu season in unrestricted seasons, was about 25,000 victims. Predictions of the consequenc-es of the lack of restrictions and vaccinations are theoretical, because the preliminary ones talk about 2-3 million COVID-19 victims and even more than ten million additional hospitalizations in the United States, which may mean the collapse of the health system, and thus in practice a greater number of victims. The data presented did not result from diagnostic errors. A proper epidemic assessment confirms the effectiveness of vaccination and targeted therapy. COVID-19 vaccination reduced IFR mortality by about 10-fold.Copyright © 2023, Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved.
本文展示了在限制和接种疫苗的背景下(2020-2021年,主要是发达国家)流感和COVID-19发病率和感染死亡率(IFR)死亡率的估计数据。其中包括两个年龄组:65岁以下和65岁以上。流感死亡率(IFR)在2020年至2021年间没有变化,在所有人中约为0.05%,在65岁以下人群中为0.005%。IFR - COVID-19平均约为。总体为0.5%,65岁以下年龄组至少为0.07%。2020年和2021年期间,COVID-19的发病率差异很大,从日本的约50/10万到秘鲁的600/10万。在美国和波兰,两年内每10万人中就有25人死亡。美国低危人群新冠肺炎发病率为70/10万。2020年之前,美国的流感发病率为每10万人中有1-10人。在2020/21赛季,这一比例降至十万分之一。在65岁及65岁以下的人群中,美国2020/2021季节的流感发病率约为0.3 /10万,在典型季节为0.3至3/10万。绝对数字的例子。在美国,2021年COVID-19的受害者为47.1万人(一年可用的疫苗接种)。2021年流感季最严重。4500受害者。在不受限制的流感季节,平均约有2.5万名受害者。对缺乏限制和疫苗接种的后果的预测是理论上的,因为初步的预测说,美国将有200万至300万名COVID-19受害者,甚至超过1000万名额外的住院治疗,这可能意味着卫生系统的崩溃,因此实际上会有更多的受害者。所提供的数据不是由诊断错误引起的。适当的流行病评估证实了疫苗接种和靶向治疗的有效性。COVID-19疫苗接种将IFR死亡率降低了约10倍。版权所有©Termedia出版社有限公司版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
Safety of COVID-19 vaccination among patients with history of allergic reactions 有过敏反应史的患者接种COVID-19疫苗的安全性
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.125767
Katarzyna Furman, Ewelina Kasprzyk-Wieczorkowska, J. Glück, R. Gawlik
Introduction: Vaccination is considered the most effective method of preventing diseases and their complications. Unfortunately, many people question their legitimacy and safety. At the beginning of 2021, a few months after the announcement of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), the first COVID-19 vaccines were granted a conditional marketing authorization. mRNA vaccines have attracted great interest due to the use of new technology and the content of polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000) in their composition, which may induce anaphylaxis. Due to vaccine tolerance concerns, some vaccination centres have refused to administer the vaccine to patients. Aim(s): Risk assessment of allergic reactions after administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. Material(s) and Method(s): 115 patients were admitted to the Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology in Katowice, including 107 patients with a high risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination according to the referring physician and 8 patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Patients were referred for diagnosis of hypersensitivity to components of the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and administration of the vaccine in a hospital setting. During hospitalization, all patients underwent skin prick and intradermal tests with the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine components, with negative results. Patients were administered the Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine intramuscularly, followed by at least 60 minutes of observation in the Department. Result(s): No symptoms of early hypersensitivity were observed. One patient developed urticarial lesions on the skin of the neck approximately 4-5 hours after vaccination. Conclusion(s): The risk of anaphylaxis after COVID-19 vaccine administration is low, and only a small group of patients with an allergic history require a specialised diagnostics. Physicians authorised to administer the vaccine should be acquainted with the latest recommendations, assess the risk of anaphylaxis and avoid unnecessary delays in administering a vaccine that can protect against severe morbidity and death.Copyright © 2023, Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved.
疫苗接种被认为是预防疾病及其并发症的最有效方法。不幸的是,许多人质疑它们的合法性和安全性。2021年初,在世界卫生组织(世卫组织)宣布SARS-CoV-2大流行几个月后,首批COVID-19疫苗获得了有条件上市许可。mRNA疫苗由于使用了新技术和其成分中可能引起过敏反应的聚乙二醇(PEG 2000)的含量而引起了极大的兴趣。由于疫苗耐受性问题,一些疫苗接种中心拒绝给病人接种疫苗。目的:接种COVID-19疫苗后过敏反应的风险评估。材料和方法:115例患者被卡托维兹市过敏症学和临床免疫学科收治,其中107例患者根据转诊医生报告在接种疫苗后出现过敏反应高风险,8例患者在首次接种COVID-19疫苗后出现超敏反应史。患者被转诊为对辉瑞/BioNTech COVID-19疫苗成分的过敏诊断和在医院环境中给药。在住院期间,所有患者均接受了辉瑞/BioNTech COVID-19疫苗成分的皮肤点刺和皮内试验,结果均为阴性。患者肌肉注射辉瑞/BioNTech COVID-19疫苗,然后在该科观察至少60分钟。结果:未见早期超敏症状。一名患者在接种疫苗后约4-5小时出现颈部皮肤荨麻疹病变。结论:COVID-19疫苗接种后发生过敏反应的风险较低,只有一小部分有过敏史的患者需要进行专门诊断。被授权接种疫苗的医生应熟悉最新的建议,评估过敏反应的风险,并避免在接种疫苗时不必要的延误,这可以防止严重的发病率和死亡。版权所有©Termedia出版社有限公司版权所有。
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引用次数: 1
The role of innate lymphoid cells in chronic rhinosinusitisseverity in children: a cross-sectional study 先天性淋巴样细胞在儿童慢性鼻窦炎严重程度中的作用:横断面研究
IF 0.2 Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5114/pja.2023.129090
Marta Latek, P. Lacwik, K. Molińska, A. Błauż, B. Rychlik, Dominik Strapagiel, J. Majak, Dorota Czech, P. Kuna, P. Majak
Introduction: The microbiome has been identified as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a condition that affects up to 12% of the global population. Aim: To evaluate the role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3) and their relationship with nasal microbiota in CRS in children. Material and methods: We assessed the clinical, microbiological, and immunological characteristics of 63 children with CRS. We evaluated disease severity using the Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) and measured ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3 levels in nasal scrapings; microbial diversity was expressed as OTU richness. Results: We found a statistically significant relationship between ILC1 levels and CRS severity, suggesting a potential role of ILC1 in the development of the disease. ILC3 levels were significantly associated with lower microbial richness. While atopy was more common in children with high levels of ILC2, the relationship was not significant. Conclusions: Our results indicate that innate lymphoid cells may play a significant role in the inflammatory processes underlying the development and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis, with ILC1 activation being particularly strongly associated with CRS severity in young children. Additionally, ILC3 may play a role in modulating the nasal microbiome in CRS patients, but the relationship is not strong enough to significantly impact the clinical characteristics.
微生物组已被确定为各种炎症和自身免疫性疾病发病机制的重要因素,包括影响全球12%人口的慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)。目的:探讨先天性淋巴样细胞(ILC1、ILC2和ILC3)在儿童CRS中的作用及其与鼻腔微生物群的关系。材料和方法:我们评估63例CRS患儿的临床、微生物学和免疫学特征。我们使用鼻窦和鼻腔生活质量调查(SN-5)评估疾病严重程度,并测量鼻刮伤中ILC1、ILC2和ILC3的水平;微生物多样性以OTU丰富度表示。结果:我们发现ILC1水平与CRS严重程度之间存在统计学意义上的关系,提示ILC1在疾病发展中的潜在作用。ILC3水平与较低的微生物丰富度显著相关。虽然特异反应在ILC2水平高的儿童中更为常见,但两者之间的关系并不显著。结论:我们的研究结果表明,先天淋巴样细胞可能在慢性鼻窦炎的发展和严重程度的炎症过程中发挥重要作用,ILC1激活与幼儿CRS严重程度特别密切相关。此外,ILC3可能在CRS患者的鼻腔微生物组中发挥调节作用,但其相关性不足以显著影响临床特征。
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引用次数: 1
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Alergologia Polska - Polish Journal of Allergology
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