Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.11
Masreshaw Yirga
Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important for a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. The study was conducted at Metu Agricultural Research Sub Center to characterize extent of genetic variability of coffee accessions. Sixty four Coffee collections were used for this study. The experiment was superimposed during 2018 cropping seasons on six years old coffee trees, which were laid down in 8x8 simple lattice designs. The orchard was managed as per the coffee agronomic production practices. Data on 12 qualitative traits were recorded from four representative trees per row for each accession. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon and Weaver diversity index using qualitative traits revealed the presence of genetic variability between coffee geremplasm. The maximum diversity index (H’) (highly polymorphic) was found for fruit color (1.22) followed by young leaf tip color (1.08), stipule shape (1.06), leaf shape (1.04), angle of insertion on primary branches (0.97), fruit shape (0.91), growth habit (0.90) and branching habit (0.73), whereas low diversity (lowest polymorphic) was observed in fruit ribs (H`=0.50) and stem habit (H`=0.35). Cluster analysis Grouped 64 coffee accessions in to five clusters. Maximum numbers of accessions were included in cluster-II (29) followed by cluster-I (27), cluster-III (6) and cluster-IV (1). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in different cluster. Therefore, current study substantiated the existence of sufficient genetic variability in Yayu coffee germplasm for various morphological traits, which can be employed for successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources, as well to identify possible duplicates.
{"title":"Phenotypic Characterization of Coffee (Coffea Arabica L.) Germplasm, in Ethiopia","authors":"Masreshaw Yirga","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"Identification and characterization of coffee accessions in the base population is important for a successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources. The study was conducted at Metu Agricultural Research Sub Center to characterize extent of genetic variability of coffee accessions. Sixty four Coffee collections were used for this study. The experiment was superimposed during 2018 cropping seasons on six years old coffee trees, which were laid down in 8x8 simple lattice designs. The orchard was managed as per the coffee agronomic production practices. Data on 12 qualitative traits were recorded from four representative trees per row for each accession. Estimates of frequency distribution and Shannon and Weaver diversity index using qualitative traits revealed the presence of genetic variability between coffee geremplasm. The maximum diversity index (H’) (highly polymorphic) was found for fruit color (1.22) followed by young leaf tip color (1.08), stipule shape (1.06), leaf shape (1.04), angle of insertion on primary branches (0.97), fruit shape (0.91), growth habit (0.90) and branching habit (0.73), whereas low diversity (lowest polymorphic) was observed in fruit ribs (H`=0.50) and stem habit (H`=0.35). Cluster analysis Grouped 64 coffee accessions in to five clusters. Maximum numbers of accessions were included in cluster-II (29) followed by cluster-I (27), cluster-III (6) and cluster-IV (1). Thus, there is a chance to develop hybrid vigor through crossing diverged parents found in different cluster. Therefore, current study substantiated the existence of sufficient genetic variability in Yayu coffee germplasm for various morphological traits, which can be employed for successful conservation and utilization of genetic resources, as well to identify possible duplicates.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78296772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.12
Ezim Ogechukwu Ebere, Nkwonta Chikere Godwin
Protein-rich weanling food products, particularly those from animal sources, are not very accessible and affordable in several developing nations in Africa. Most women resort primarily to the use of only carbohydrate-based food such as cornstarch, to wean their toddlers from breast-feeding. This has led to several children getting affected by protein energy malnutrition and other associated conditions. The need to develop plant-based protein-rich weanling diets is therefore essential to ensure a balance in nutrient intake of toddlers. Growth and maintenance studies using Ricinus communis seed-diet formulations were investigated in wistar rats, to evaluate it’s potential as weanling diet. The diets were formulated using AIN 93G methods for laboratory rats during their growth, pregnancy and lactating periods. Thirty weanling male albino rats (40-60g) were utilized in this study, they were divided into five groups of six rats each based on sample treatment respectively. The groups includes; (CAS) casein diet, (BRC) boiled R. communis diet, (FRC) fermented R. communis diet, (FRC+C) fermented R. communis plus charcoal diet, and (NFD) nitrogen free diet. The rats were housed in individual metabolic cages equipped to separate faeces and urine. The growth study lasted for 21 days followed by a 7 days maintenance period. The proximate composition showed that R. communis seeds is high in protein (33.25%) and fat (37.70%). Boiling and fermentation treatments decreased the protein (23.13 and 20.37%) and fat (24.5 and 21.0%) contents, respectively. Sample-based diets were least consumed by the rats, which showed retarded growth as well, compared to CAS control and NFD diet groups. The nitrogen balanced studies showed that over 80% of the nitrogen consumed from the test diet were absorbed and retained, suggesting high utilization of the seed nitrogen.
{"title":"Assessment of Ricinus communis (Castor Oil) Seed as Potential Protein Source in Weanling Diet Formulations","authors":"Ezim Ogechukwu Ebere, Nkwonta Chikere Godwin","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"Protein-rich weanling food products, particularly those from animal sources, are not very accessible and affordable in several developing nations in Africa. Most women resort primarily to the use of only carbohydrate-based food such as cornstarch, to wean their toddlers from breast-feeding. This has led to several children getting affected by protein energy malnutrition and other associated conditions. The need to develop plant-based protein-rich weanling diets is therefore essential to ensure a balance in nutrient intake of toddlers. Growth and maintenance studies using Ricinus communis seed-diet formulations were investigated in wistar rats, to evaluate it’s potential as weanling diet. The diets were formulated using AIN 93G methods for laboratory rats during their growth, pregnancy and lactating periods. Thirty weanling male albino rats (40-60g) were utilized in this study, they were divided into five groups of six rats each based on sample treatment respectively. The groups includes; (CAS) casein diet, (BRC) boiled R. communis diet, (FRC) fermented R. communis diet, (FRC+C) fermented R. communis plus charcoal diet, and (NFD) nitrogen free diet. The rats were housed in individual metabolic cages equipped to separate faeces and urine. The growth study lasted for 21 days followed by a 7 days maintenance period. The proximate composition showed that R. communis seeds is high in protein (33.25%) and fat (37.70%). Boiling and fermentation treatments decreased the protein (23.13 and 20.37%) and fat (24.5 and 21.0%) contents, respectively. Sample-based diets were least consumed by the rats, which showed retarded growth as well, compared to CAS control and NFD diet groups. The nitrogen balanced studies showed that over 80% of the nitrogen consumed from the test diet were absorbed and retained, suggesting high utilization of the seed nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87645460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.13
A. Sherief, M. Shamkh, M. Sakr, W. H. A. Alaty, A. Bassuny, Ibrahim Abdelhakim Ibrahim, Safaa R Askar, Shimaa Y. Kamel, H. Rashad, M. Eltabbakh
During COVID 19 pandemic, inflammatory bowel disease patients were significantly worried about being at a higher risk of getting COVID 19 infection, the effect of their medications on the course of infection and the expected prognosis. This is a retrospective cohort study done in Our Inflammatory bowel disease unit, Tropical Medicine Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. We retrospectively reviewed all our patients infected with COVID 19 (13 patients) during the period from March 2020 till mid-September 2020. Thirteen patients in our unit were infected with COVID 19. The mean age of infected patients was 39.92 ± 11.16 years. Most of them were females 11 (84.6%). Most of them had ulcerative colitis (61.5%) and only 38.5% had crohn's disease. Only six patients were admitted to isolation hospital, all of them were ulcerative colitis. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (84.6%), cough (76.9%) and diarrhea (61.5%). Three of ulcerative colitis patients encountered disease exacerbation. All our infected patients had a good prognosis regarding their inflammatory bowel disease and COVID 19 course. COVID-19 infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients may carry a favorable outcome despite the vulnerability of those patients.
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Egyptian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Infected with COVID 19: Tertiary Center Experience from Egypt","authors":"A. Sherief, M. Shamkh, M. Sakr, W. H. A. Alaty, A. Bassuny, Ibrahim Abdelhakim Ibrahim, Safaa R Askar, Shimaa Y. Kamel, H. Rashad, M. Eltabbakh","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"During COVID 19 pandemic, inflammatory bowel disease patients were significantly worried about being at a higher risk of getting COVID 19 infection, the effect of their medications on the course of infection and the expected prognosis. This is a retrospective cohort study done in Our Inflammatory bowel disease unit, Tropical Medicine Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. We retrospectively reviewed all our patients infected with COVID 19 (13 patients) during the period from March 2020 till mid-September 2020. Thirteen patients in our unit were infected with COVID 19. The mean age of infected patients was 39.92 ± 11.16 years. Most of them were females 11 (84.6%). Most of them had ulcerative colitis (61.5%) and only 38.5% had crohn's disease. Only six patients were admitted to isolation hospital, all of them were ulcerative colitis. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (84.6%), cough (76.9%) and diarrhea (61.5%). Three of ulcerative colitis patients encountered disease exacerbation. All our infected patients had a good prognosis regarding their inflammatory bowel disease and COVID 19 course. COVID-19 infection in inflammatory bowel disease patients may carry a favorable outcome despite the vulnerability of those patients.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86130510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.11648/J.BIO.20210901.14
Gezahegn Assefa, Y. Alemayehu, W. Mohammed
Potato is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Oda Bultum District. However, there is no information on the role of blended NPSB fertilizer required to produce tuber yield and tuber quality traits. A field experiment was conducted in Oda Bultum District, under rainfed during 2018 cropping season, with the objectives of assessing the effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield-related traits and tuber yield of potato varieties and to estimate the cost-benefit of the application of blended NPSB fertilizer in potato production. The treatments consisted of two potato varieties (Bubu and Gudanie) and six rates of NPSB (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg NPSB ha-1) fertilizer. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Analysis of variance revealed that the two main factors; blended NPSB and variety had a significant effect on all traits except that fertilizer and variety had a non-significant effect on days to 50% emergence. Interaction of blended NPSB fertilizer and variety had a significant effect on total tuber number/hill, average tuber weight, total and marketable tuber yields (t ha-1). Gudanie variety emerged, flowered and matured earlier than Bubu. Early flowering of the crop was observed in a plot which did not receive fertilizer while the application of NPSB fertilizer delayed flowering and maturity of plants that received highest rates NPSB fertilizer (200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1). The highest total tuber number hill-1 (16.00) was obtained from Gudanie variety at the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest proportion of small size tubers were obtained from plots than received no fertilizer while the largest proportion of large size tubers were obtained from plots that received 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest total and marketable tuber yields of 30.55 and 27.22 t ha-1, respectively were obtained from Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. Gudanie had a significantly higher specific gravity (1.085g/cm3), tuber dry matter (21.98%) and starch content (15.82%) while plants produced tubers with highest specific gravity, tuber dry matter and starch content due to the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. Moreover, the highest net benefit of 116,330.24 Birr ha-1 with 4066% marginal rate of return were obtained from growing of Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB plus 100 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer that could be recommended for production of potato in the study area.
土豆是埃塞俄比亚东部包括奥达布尔图姆区重要的粮食和经济作物。然而，目前还没有关于NPSB混合肥料在生产块茎产量和块茎品质性状中所起作用的信息。本试验于2018年旱作季在Oda Bultum区进行，目的是评估NPSB混合肥料用量对马铃薯产量相关性状和块茎产量的影响，并估算NPSB混合肥料在马铃薯生产中的成本效益。2个马铃薯品种(布布和古达尼)和6种氮磷肥(0、100、150、200、250和300 kg氮磷肥)处理。实验采用6 × 2因子随机完全区组设计，重复3次。方差分析揭示了两个主要因素;除品种和肥料对出苗期至50%的影响不显著外，其他性状均有显著影响。混施氮磷肥与品种互作对总块茎数/山、平均块茎重、总块茎产量和市场块茎产量(t hm -1)有显著影响。姑达尼品种的出现、开花和成熟都比布布早。在未施肥的地块上观察到作物提前开花，而施用NPSB肥(200、250和300 kg hm -1)的植株开花和成熟时间延迟。施用200 kg hm -1 NPSB肥时，大anie品种的总块茎数hill-1最高，为16.00个。小块茎比例最高的是未施肥小区，而大块茎比例最高的是施用200、250和300 kg hm -1 NPSB肥的小区。施用200 kg hm -1 NPSB肥时，大anie品种块茎总产量最高，为30.55 t hm -1，商品量最高，为27.22 t hm -1。马铃薯马铃薯的比重(1.085g/cm3)、块茎干物质(21.98%)和淀粉含量(15.82%)显著高于其他品种，而施用200 kg hm -1 NPSB肥的马铃薯块茎比重、块茎干物质和淀粉含量最高。在研究区马铃薯生产中，推荐施用200 kg ha-1 NPSB + 100 kg ha-1尿素肥，可获得最高净效益116,330.24 Birr ha-1，边际收益率为4066%。
{"title":"Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Related Traits of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in Oda Bultum District, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahegn Assefa, Y. Alemayehu, W. Mohammed","doi":"10.11648/J.BIO.20210901.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.BIO.20210901.14","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Oda Bultum District. However, there is no information on the role of blended NPSB fertilizer required to produce tuber yield and tuber quality traits. A field experiment was conducted in Oda Bultum District, under rainfed during 2018 cropping season, with the objectives of assessing the effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield-related traits and tuber yield of potato varieties and to estimate the cost-benefit of the application of blended NPSB fertilizer in potato production. The treatments consisted of two potato varieties (Bubu and Gudanie) and six rates of NPSB (0, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg NPSB ha-1) fertilizer. The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. Analysis of variance revealed that the two main factors; blended NPSB and variety had a significant effect on all traits except that fertilizer and variety had a non-significant effect on days to 50% emergence. Interaction of blended NPSB fertilizer and variety had a significant effect on total tuber number/hill, average tuber weight, total and marketable tuber yields (t ha-1). Gudanie variety emerged, flowered and matured earlier than Bubu. Early flowering of the crop was observed in a plot which did not receive fertilizer while the application of NPSB fertilizer delayed flowering and maturity of plants that received highest rates NPSB fertilizer (200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1). The highest total tuber number hill-1 (16.00) was obtained from Gudanie variety at the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest proportion of small size tubers were obtained from plots than received no fertilizer while the largest proportion of large size tubers were obtained from plots that received 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. The highest total and marketable tuber yields of 30.55 and 27.22 t ha-1, respectively were obtained from Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. Gudanie had a significantly higher specific gravity (1.085g/cm3), tuber dry matter (21.98%) and starch content (15.82%) while plants produced tubers with highest specific gravity, tuber dry matter and starch content due to the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. Moreover, the highest net benefit of 116,330.24 Birr ha-1 with 4066% marginal rate of return were obtained from growing of Gudanie variety with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB plus 100 kg ha-1 urea fertilizer that could be recommended for production of potato in the study area.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"92 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91483710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-18DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.14
S. Obouayeba, Eric Francis Soumahin, R. Lacote, Jean Lopez Essehi, É. Gohet, A. P. Obouayeba
The quest for greater return on investment at short time is a recurring concern of the rubber industry. Early reverse tapping could be an option to this concern. It is therefore to verify this hypothesis that five different stages of initiation of upward tapping, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th year and the control in 10th year, with application of 2.5 and 5% ethephon was conducted for eight years in the South-East (Bettie) and the Centre-West (Gagnoa) of Cote d'Ivoire. Irrespective of the ethephon concentration used, average yield obtained from upward tapping at 6th year was 3012 ± 516 kg ha-1 y-1 against 2528 kg ha-1 y-1 in the control, where controlled upward tapping started at 10th year with a productivity gain of 19%. The mean annual increase in circumference in the upward tapped trees at 6th year, was 3.02 ± 0.18 cm y-1 and statistically higher than that of the control treatment (2.40 cm y-1). Physiological profiles improved during the experiment, regardless of site and of periods of upward tapping. Generally, the sensitivity to panel dryness in the control is more pronounced than that of early upward tapping. Our results suggest very early upward tapping at 6th year after the 5 years of downward tapping, is the best period to harvest latex from the high tapping panel.
在短期内寻求更大的投资回报是橡胶工业反复关注的问题。早期的反向敲击可能是解决这一问题的一个选择。因此，为了验证这一假设，在科特迪瓦的东南部(Bettie)和中西部(Gagnoa)进行了8年的试验，分别进行了5个不同阶段的向上注射，第6、7、8、9年和第10年的对照，分别使用2.5%和5%乙烯利。无论乙烯利浓度如何，第6年向上抽穗获得的平均产量为3012±516 kg hm -1 y-1，而对照组为2528 kg hm -1 y-1，其中第10年开始控制向上抽穗，生产率提高19%。在第6年，上采树的年平均周长增长量为3.02±0.18 cm y-1，高于对照处理(2.40 cm y-1)。生理特征在实验期间得到改善，无论地点和时间。一般来说，控制组对面板干燥的敏感性比早期向上敲击组更明显。结果表明，在连续5年向下拍打后的第6年，非常早的向上拍打是收获高拍打板乳胶的最佳时期。
{"title":"Improvement of Productivity of the Moderate Metabolism Clone GT 1 of Hevea Brasiliensis Muell. Arg. by Early Upward Tapping in Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"S. Obouayeba, Eric Francis Soumahin, R. Lacote, Jean Lopez Essehi, É. Gohet, A. P. Obouayeba","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.14","url":null,"abstract":"The quest for greater return on investment at short time is a recurring concern of the rubber industry. Early reverse tapping could be an option to this concern. It is therefore to verify this hypothesis that five different stages of initiation of upward tapping, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th year and the control in 10th year, with application of 2.5 and 5% ethephon was conducted for eight years in the South-East (Bettie) and the Centre-West (Gagnoa) of Cote d'Ivoire. Irrespective of the ethephon concentration used, average yield obtained from upward tapping at 6th year was 3012 ± 516 kg ha-1 y-1 against 2528 kg ha-1 y-1 in the control, where controlled upward tapping started at 10th year with a productivity gain of 19%. The mean annual increase in circumference in the upward tapped trees at 6th year, was 3.02 ± 0.18 cm y-1 and statistically higher than that of the control treatment (2.40 cm y-1). Physiological profiles improved during the experiment, regardless of site and of periods of upward tapping. Generally, the sensitivity to panel dryness in the control is more pronounced than that of early upward tapping. Our results suggest very early upward tapping at 6th year after the 5 years of downward tapping, is the best period to harvest latex from the high tapping panel.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"148 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74690753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.13
Kouamé Koffi Gaston, Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-martial, K. K. Didier, K. Konan, Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine, Koné Daouda
The post-harvest management of anthracnose is a major challenge for the stakeholders in mango sector. This constraint is linked to lake of an effective product and prohibition of several chemical molecules in the post-harvest fruit treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the level of efficiency of hot water in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz), the causal agent of mango anthracnose var. 'Amelie' under in vitro and in vivo test conditions and its effect on some physico-chemical parameters of the fruit. It is part of the research for alternative solutions to the chemical method of controlling mango anthracnose after harvest. The germination inhibitory capacity of C. gloeosporioides spores of water at 45°C and in contact with the fruit during 4 soaking times (5; 10; 15 and 20 min) was evaluated. In addition, the effect of hot water on the development of anthracnose symptoms of artificially inoculated fruits and on their quality was tested. Soaking times of 15 and 20 min effectively reduced (11.98±2.72 and 17.79±3.18%) the germination of C. gloeosporioides (Penz) spores after 18 hours of observation. Soaking the mangoes in 45°C hot water for 20 min showed low infection rates (22.00 ± 4.01%) with small lesion sizes (0.12 ± 0.03 cm). However, not all treatments influenced the physico-chemical parameters of the treated var. ‘Amelie’ mangoes. In sum, hot water at 45°C did not provide 100% protection of the fruits for a long time, but can be used in combination with other methods.
{"title":"Effect of Thermotherapy on the Development of Anthracnose on Post-harvest Mangoes of the Amelie Variety in Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Kouamé Koffi Gaston, Kassi Koffi Fernand Jean-martial, K. K. Didier, K. Konan, Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine, Koné Daouda","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"The post-harvest management of anthracnose is a major challenge for the stakeholders in mango sector. This constraint is linked to lake of an effective product and prohibition of several chemical molecules in the post-harvest fruit treatment. The present study aims to evaluate the level of efficiency of hot water in the control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz), the causal agent of mango anthracnose var. 'Amelie' under in vitro and in vivo test conditions and its effect on some physico-chemical parameters of the fruit. It is part of the research for alternative solutions to the chemical method of controlling mango anthracnose after harvest. The germination inhibitory capacity of C. gloeosporioides spores of water at 45°C and in contact with the fruit during 4 soaking times (5; 10; 15 and 20 min) was evaluated. In addition, the effect of hot water on the development of anthracnose symptoms of artificially inoculated fruits and on their quality was tested. Soaking times of 15 and 20 min effectively reduced (11.98±2.72 and 17.79±3.18%) the germination of C. gloeosporioides (Penz) spores after 18 hours of observation. Soaking the mangoes in 45°C hot water for 20 min showed low infection rates (22.00 ± 4.01%) with small lesion sizes (0.12 ± 0.03 cm). However, not all treatments influenced the physico-chemical parameters of the treated var. ‘Amelie’ mangoes. In sum, hot water at 45°C did not provide 100% protection of the fruits for a long time, but can be used in combination with other methods.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"178 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85445463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-18DOI: 10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.11
V. Prasannakumari, Aswathy G. H. Nair, C. Mohan
Cassava tubers are an excellent source of carbohydrate and a competitive source of starch most traded internationally. It is a highly desirable raw material for food and industrial purpose due to its high dietary carbohydrate content. The economic value of cassava products lies in the DMC (dry matter content). Cassava roots contain up to 80-90 per cent of carbohydrate by dry weight and 80 per cent of carbohydrate is starch. Increasing world population, limited land area, changing climatic condition and food scarcity demanded the need for improved cassava starch. Yield of cassava tubers is related to both tuber volume and DMC and thus DMC can be improved by cassava breeding. Thus QTL mapping of DMC is very much relevant to understand the genetic effects controlling the traits. The current study focused on QTL mapping for DMC and SC (starch content) to identify and study the favourite alleles using Windows cartographer version 2.5. Single marker analysis (SMA) identified seven marker alleles associated with DMC and eight marker alleles associated with SC. Using interval mapping, a single QTL for DMC was identified in chrom21 flanked by SSRY110b and SSRY182b. On the other hand, five QTLs for SC were identified by simple interval mapping (SIM) and a single QTL in chrom17 with R2 value of 12% and at a LOD value 5 using composite interval mapping (CIM). The exact position of the QTLs and its interactions were studied using MIM and the genetic effect of QTLs controlling DMC was found to be over-dominance. But in the case of SC, the QTL interaction was identified and found to be additive x additive epistatic interaction.
{"title":"Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Conferring Dry Matter Content and Starch Content in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","authors":"V. Prasannakumari, Aswathy G. H. Nair, C. Mohan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava tubers are an excellent source of carbohydrate and a competitive source of starch most traded internationally. It is a highly desirable raw material for food and industrial purpose due to its high dietary carbohydrate content. The economic value of cassava products lies in the DMC (dry matter content). Cassava roots contain up to 80-90 per cent of carbohydrate by dry weight and 80 per cent of carbohydrate is starch. Increasing world population, limited land area, changing climatic condition and food scarcity demanded the need for improved cassava starch. Yield of cassava tubers is related to both tuber volume and DMC and thus DMC can be improved by cassava breeding. Thus QTL mapping of DMC is very much relevant to understand the genetic effects controlling the traits. The current study focused on QTL mapping for DMC and SC (starch content) to identify and study the favourite alleles using Windows cartographer version 2.5. Single marker analysis (SMA) identified seven marker alleles associated with DMC and eight marker alleles associated with SC. Using interval mapping, a single QTL for DMC was identified in chrom21 flanked by SSRY110b and SSRY182b. On the other hand, five QTLs for SC were identified by simple interval mapping (SIM) and a single QTL in chrom17 with R2 value of 12% and at a LOD value 5 using composite interval mapping (CIM). The exact position of the QTLs and its interactions were studied using MIM and the genetic effect of QTLs controlling DMC was found to be over-dominance. But in the case of SC, the QTL interaction was identified and found to be additive x additive epistatic interaction.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"101 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77389892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the article, the authors present for the first time the progressive and regressing algae of the genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) in the water bodies of the Chirchik River basin. The research was carried out during 2005-2012, 2018-2020 yy. with the National Universities of Uzbekistan and the Institutes and Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 122 species and varieties of algae of the genus Navicula Bory have been identified. Among them, new species for water bodies, saprobic indicators were noted, the seasonality of algae was studied. The main new ideas in the article are as follows: among the algae found, it is progressive algae 6. They are found "often", "very often", "in mass or mass" in one field of view of the objective, their frequency of occurrence is equal to 5, 7, 9 points and is considered a resistant species in various environmental conditions, being a promising algae with full life. 96 - less progressive algae, occurs "often", "rarely", the occurrence is equal to 5, 3 points and is less resistant and less promising algae with a sex life. 20 species and varieties are regressing algae, in water bodies it meets only "units" (single), the frequency of occurrence is equal to 1 (one) point and is considered unstable algae of the investigated water bodies, in the future, there is a threat to safety and Not Live! (No Life!) Needs protection. It was proposed to include in the next issue of the "Red Book" of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as to accept and include in the list of protected microorganisms water bodies of Uzbekistan under the Committee for Ecology and Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
{"title":"Progressive and Regressive Algae of the Genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) of Water Bodies of the Chirchik River Basin (Uzbekistan) and Protecshion","authors":"Alimjanova Kholiskhon Alimjanovna, Turabaev Akmal Normuminovich, Shaiimculova Minabar Abduvaiitovna, Rajabova Mamura Saparovna, Soatov Giyosiddin Turdiyevich","doi":"10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJBIO.20210901.12","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors present for the first time the progressive and regressing algae of the genus Navicula Bory (Bacillariophyta) in the water bodies of the Chirchik River basin. The research was carried out during 2005-2012, 2018-2020 yy. with the National Universities of Uzbekistan and the Institutes and Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 122 species and varieties of algae of the genus Navicula Bory have been identified. Among them, new species for water bodies, saprobic indicators were noted, the seasonality of algae was studied. The main new ideas in the article are as follows: among the algae found, it is progressive algae 6. They are found \"often\", \"very often\", \"in mass or mass\" in one field of view of the objective, their frequency of occurrence is equal to 5, 7, 9 points and is considered a resistant species in various environmental conditions, being a promising algae with full life. 96 - less progressive algae, occurs \"often\", \"rarely\", the occurrence is equal to 5, 3 points and is less resistant and less promising algae with a sex life. 20 species and varieties are regressing algae, in water bodies it meets only \"units\" (single), the frequency of occurrence is equal to 1 (one) point and is considered unstable algae of the investigated water bodies, in the future, there is a threat to safety and Not Live! (No Life!) Needs protection. It was proposed to include in the next issue of the \"Red Book\" of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as to accept and include in the list of protected microorganisms water bodies of Uzbekistan under the Committee for Ecology and Nature Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan.","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"26 7 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74268568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ajbio.20210906.14
Nwagbara Sergius Iheanacho, Fayeun Stephen Lawrence, Akinyele Benjamin Oluwole
{"title":"Effects of Induced Water Stress at the Flowering Stage of Bambara Groundnut (<i>Vigna subterranea</i> L. Verdc) on Its Yield","authors":"Nwagbara Sergius Iheanacho, Fayeun Stephen Lawrence, Akinyele Benjamin Oluwole","doi":"10.11648/j.ajbio.20210906.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbio.20210906.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7478,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of BioScience","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76655931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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