American Journal of Health Promotion最新文献

PurposePatient satisfaction is a key principle of high-quality care, important to all health systems. While evidenced-based guidelines recommend tobacco use counseling to all hospitalized patients who use tobacco, scant knowledge exists about patient satisfaction with these services. The Satisfaction with Inpatient Tobacco Treatment Study (1) proposes a novel survey tool to measure patient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco treatment and (2) provides survey results from our hospital's Tobacco Treatment Program.DesignCreation and administration of an 8-item Likert scale survey to assess inpatient tobacco use counseling.Setting/SubjectsA random sample of inpatients who received remote inpatient tobacco use treatment at UNC Health's Tobacco Treatment Program were selected for participation. The survey was administered by telephone and email.MeasuresSurvey items assessed constructs of patient satisfaction, resource availability pre- and post-discharge, the perceived benefits of inpatient tobacco treatment counseling, and patient-reported smoking cessation.AnalysisSurvey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's Exact Tests.ResultsThe majority of respondents reported satisfaction with tobacco use counseling. 92% strongly agreed or agreed that the consultations improved their overall hospital experience and 90% said they quit or cut down on their tobacco use after discharge. Results did not vary significantly by race, insurance status, or gender.ConclusionPatient satisfaction with inpatient tobacco cessation treatment was high across multiple domains, as was patient-reported smoking cessation. The survey instrument can be further validated and adapted for program assessment and quality improvement in other tobacco treatment programs.

PurposeTo assess the maintenance of fat mass loss and increases in exercise self-control and self-compassion at 8-months follow-up to the Mindless to Mindful (M2M) program.DesignThis was a single-group follow-up case study.SampleFor the analysis, 79 of the original 195 M2M participants (n = 40.51%) participated.InterventionThe eight-week M2M program provided goal-setting, group exercise, and goal monitoring to promote fat mass loss.MeasuresParticipants completed measures of body fat, the brief self-control scale, and the self-compassion scale-short form.AnalysisPaired sample t-tests were used to determine differences within and between groups (P-value < .05).ResultsThere was a significant increase in fat mass from post-test to follow-up (t(78) = 3.105, P = .001, d = .349), but participants did not revert to baseline. There was a significant decrease in self-control (t(78) = -3.381, P < .001, d = -.380) and self-compassion (t(78) = -2.670, P = .005, d = -.300). Further, team participants gained significantly more fat mass (M = 3.46, SD = 7.41), had diminished self-control (M= -2.87, SD =5.83), and decreased self-compassion (M= 0.16, SD= 0.38) when compared to individual participants.ConclusionParticipants maintained some fat mass loss at eight-month follow-up.

PurposeTo assess the effectiveness of a school-based intervention to promote healthy behaviors and prevent weight gain in children.DesignCluster randomized trial.SettingSeven elementary schools from Mexico.Participants475 children aged 8 to 12 years.InterventionIt was called "Family Particip-Action to prevent childhood obesity", which was implemented under PRECEDE-PROCEDE model, and using two pedagogical strategies: socio-constructivist and social ecological model. Thirty theoretical-practical workshops on healthy diet were performed, and physical activity (PA) practice was encouraged by sportive tournaments.MethodsBody mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), index of key healthy foods, PA and family function were assessed. The effect of the improvement of diet on the risk reduction of overweight, obesity, overweight/obesity, and abdominal obesity were estimated with generalized linear models with binomial log-linear regressions.ResultsBMI and WC of children exposed to health promotion intervention were significantly lower after 24 months of intervention than control group: -1.2 kg/m² (P = 0.014) and -5.6 cm (P = 0.000), respectively. Children intervened and categorized into the healthiest diet reduced the risk of overweight by 31% (P = 0.032), obesity by 54% (P = 0.007), overweight/obesity by 35% (P = 0.001), and abdominal obesity by 41% (P = 0.002), comparing to control group.ConclusionThe combined effect of encouraging healthy food consumption, sportive tournaments, healthful school environment, and family support, can reduce the risk of weight gain in children.

PurposeTo analyze temporal trends (2006-2023) and projections (2030) of the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and health risk and protective factors among adults with DM in Brazil.DesignTime-series study.SettingData from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey.SubjectsPopulation-based sample of 806 169 adults, including 74 381 adults with DM.MeasuresPrevalence of DM, health risk factors (eg, prolonged screen time on TV, sweetened beverage consumption, heavy episodic drinking, hypertension) and protective factors (eg, commuting physical activity, self-rated health).AnalysisTemporal trends (2006-2023) and projections (up to 2030) were analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression models. Results were expressed as average annual percentage point changes (pp/y).ResultsThe prevalence of DM increased from 5.5% to 10.2% between 2006 and 2023 (0.22 pp/y), with a higher increment in the recent period (2018-2023: 0.56 pp/y). By 2030, the prevalence is projected to reach 10.8%. Among adults with DM, recent trends revealed increases in prolonged screen time on TV (0.96 pp/y), sweetened beverage consumption (1.62 pp/y), and heavy episodic drinking (1.51 pp/y), alongside decreases in hypertension (-0.98 pp/y), poor self-rated health (-0.53 pp/y), and commuting physical activity (-0.97 pp/y).ConclusionThe prevalence of DM has risen significantly in Brazil and is projected to continue growing. Simultaneously, worsening trends in health risk and protective factors among adults with DM highlight the urgent need for reformulated public health policies focused on DM prevention and management.

ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to synthesise research on the relationships between health literacy and adherence to physical activity guidelines in adults.Data SourceA search of MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science (Core Collection), PubMed, and PsycINFO was conducted using keywords. Observational and intervention studies written in English were reviewed.Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaEligible research studies used a validated, objective measure of health literacy. Physical activity needed to be reported as either a primary or secondary outcome, and groups needed to be dichotomised as physically active, inactive, or similar.ExtractionOut of 2098 articles identified, 19 met the inclusion criteria.SynthesisA numerical analysis of the studies was performed. A narrative summary supplemented the analysis to synthesise the main themes and patterns.ResultsFifteen studies examined the association between total health literacy scores and achieving >150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity weekly. Nine studies reported a positive association, while others found no significant association. In particular, studies using self-reported physical activity more frequently found an association, whereas no association was found when using objective physical activity measures.ConclusionThe findings of this review were inconclusive. The lack of a standardised health literacy instrument presents a barrier to progress in the field of physical activity and health literacy research. Moreover, longitudinal relationships between health literacy, mediators and physical activity must be investigated.

ObjectiveTo characterize individual- and structural-level stigma associated with government (ie, SNAP, WIC) and emergency food program (ie, food banks, pantries, cupboards, soup kitchens) utilization in the US.Data Source5 databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched in June 2024.Study Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaIncluded peer-reviewed articles (January 2004 - June 2024), in the US, in English, original research or systematic reviews, and report on data closely related to general food insecurity, government and emergency food program participation, and stigma manifestations among adults.Data ExtractionData on study characteristics and stigma were extracted using a structured template.Data SynthesisDescriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used.ResultsOur search yielded 99 articles. A majority studied individual-level stigma (57.4%) and used qualitative designs (62.6%). Among the 9 identified populations, food insecure adults were the most frequently studied (25.2%). Anticipated stigma (29.8%) was the most commonly reported stigma manifestation, deterring program participation.ConclusionThis review underscores the significance of addressing food insecurity-related stigma to enhance the effectiveness of food assistance programs. Given the extensive evidence of the impact of stigma on program participation, policymakers and program administrators should design, implement and test strategies to address stigma. Future research should explore intersectional stigma, develop a food insecurity-related stigma measure, and evaluate stigma-reduction interventions longitudinally and across program settings.

PurposeTo investigate how physical function performance and arthritis-related pain relate to sensor assessed movement behaviors in a diverse sample of inactive adults with various forms of arthritis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingColumbia, SC.SubjectsAdults with arthritis (n = 267; 60.0% Black, 92.0% female, 64.1 ± 9.4 years) from a telephone-based walking intervention.MeasuresMovement behaviors (moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity, MVPA; sedentary time) were assessed with ActiGraph accelerometers at baseline. Physical function was assessed through the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the 30-second chair stand test (30CST). Arthritis-related pain was measured through a visual analog scale.AnalysisMultiple linear regression was used to examine the extent to which physical function performance and pain predicted movement behaviors while adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics.ResultsBetter 6MWT performance was positively associated with more MVPA per week (P < 0.001). Worse performance in the 6MWT (P < 0.001) and less pain (P = 0.02) were associated with more daily time spent sedentary. Performance in the 30CST was not significantly associated with either movement behavior.ConclusionThese findings emphasize the importance of functional endurance and pain management in promoting physical activity and sedentary behavior among inactive adults with arthritis. Future public health interventions should prioritize strategies to enhance these components to effectively promote physical activity and less sedentary time.

PurposeRisk perception for tuberculosis (TB) and previous receipt of a TB test and/or vaccine were assessed to inform TB prevention efforts.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe 2020, 2021, and 2022 Estilos survey data.Subjects2837 U.S. Hispanic adults (≥18 years).MeasuresSelf-reported receipt of a TB test and/or vaccine, perceived risk for TB, and demographic characteristics.AnalysisWeighted proportions and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated. Associations between demographic characteristics and TB questions were assessed using chi-square tests. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine perceived risk for TB among those who received a TB test and/or vaccine vs those who did not.ResultsOverall, 7.2% (95%CI [4.8, 10.5]) of U.S. Hispanic adults reported receiving a TB test but not a vaccine, 15.3% (95%CI [12.5, 18.7]) reported receiving a vaccine but not a test, and 28.3% (95%CI [24.7, 32.2]) reported receiving both a TB test and TB vaccine. Respondents who reported previous receipt of a TB test, with or without previous receipt of a TB vaccine, had a significantly higher odds of feeling any risk for TB than those without previous receipt of a TB test or vaccine (aOR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.19-6.52 for those tested but not vaccinated; aOR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.11-3.20 for those both tested and vaccinated).ConclusionFindings can help inform education and interventions to raise awareness and encourage TB testing for those at risk for TB.

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the risks of esophageal cancer (EC), protective behaviors, and risk awareness among Turkish adults aged 50 years and older, as well as their relationships with sociodemographic characteristics.DesignCross-sectional. Recruitment took place between February-April 2022, via online google forms and WhatsApp.SettingParticipants completed the survey online throught WhatsApp.SampleAnalyses included 214 participants (≥50 years from three provinces of Turkey); 73.8% female (n:158), 62.6% between 50-60 years (n:134 ), 55.6% had a university education (n:47).MeasuresStudy-specific survey items included questions about demographics, risky conditions and diseases, preventive health behaviors and Esophageal Cancer Knowledge Test (ECRKT).AnalysesFrequency or Mean, Percentage, Independent Samples t-Test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc analysis (Tukey, LSD), and Cohen's effect size and linear regression analysis.ResultsThe participants had low ECRKT scores (x:13.50 ± 9.33, Min:0, Max:31) and reported the most consumed hot beverages (36.9%) among negative EC preventive behaviors. Male gender, not working, not having previously received training on EC, low education and income status cause low knowledge and awareness about EC (P < 0.05). Most of the participants had oral herpes (54.7%), vitamin deficiency (49.1%), and obesity (47.2%) in the past or now. Regarding the participants' EC risk knowledge and, female gender, being between 50-60 years old, and being employed had a weak effect (η²<0.01), while having previous EC training had a moderate effect (η² = 0.006), and having university or higher education had a large positive effect (η² = 0.14) (P < 0.05). Participants' level of education and previous educational experiences contribute significantly to esophageal cancer risk knowledge (P < 0.01).ConclusionThese findings highlight adults aged ≥50 years are exposed to significant EC risks, and have poor knowledge of EC risks. These results highlight the urgent need for educational campaigns to improve EC awareness.

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate causal relationships among eating rate, caloric intake, and weight gain using longitudinal data and to clarify how caloric intake mediates the effect of eating rate on weight gain.DesignA longitudinal cohort study with a 4-year follow-up.SettingData were collected from Daihatsu Co, Ltd employees, a major Japanese automobile manufacturer with 4 plants in Japan.SubjectsOf the 12,816 working-age Japanese individuals who underwent health checkups in 2020, 7,784 without excess weight or non-communicable diseases were included.InterventionThe eating rate was self-reported, and caloric intake was calculated based on cafeteria meal choices.MeasuresAnnual change in body mass index (BMI), calculated as the difference in BMI between consecutive years.AnalysisMediation analyses using a mixed-effects model were conducted to assess whether caloric intake mediates the effect of eating rate on BMI.ResultsCaloric intake in the fast-eating and ordinal-eating groups exceeded that of the slow-eating group by 19.21 kcal [9.28, 29.13] and 10.01 kcal [1.20, 18.81], respectively. Higher caloric intake was associated with a more significant BMI increase, rising by .09 [.06, .13] per interquartile range increase. The proportion of mediated impact among the impact of eating rate is .19% [.09, .32].ConclusionFaster eating independently contributes to BMI increases, with minimal mediation by caloric intake. Interventions targeting eating pace may prevent obesity, though the study population may limit generalizability.