SSM. Qualitative research in health最新文献

Nicotine and tobacco use disproportionally affects sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations in the United States. Social media narratives may contribute to these disparities. This qualitative study delineated perceptions and experiences depicted in SGM-related videos about nicotine vaping on TikTok. Young adult researchers engaged in every step of the research process, adding an insider perspective. Using four TikTok accounts, we used vaping and SGM-related search terms to sample videos in March–April 2022. Three TikTok accounts collected SGM-specific videos; a fourth provided non-SGM specific videos for comparison. We iteratively sorted 303 unique videos into 32 a priori and emergent codes and identified themes in SGM videos and comparison videos. In their videos, creators displayed awareness of and ambivalence toward vaping and nicotine dependence. SGM videos reflected vaping as a salient feature of identity and a consideration in romantic partnership. Studying video-based social media platforms, like TikTok, using an insider-engaged qualitative lens promotes rich interpretation of content to identify prevalent and emerging messages, which can inform appropriate interventions for SGM young people.

The article explores the complexities of implementing health-promoting physical activity within the context of a Norwegian public hospital. Through an extensive case study, it examines the rollout of Active Hospitals, a program crafted in alignment with prevailing best practices in workplace physical activity. Departing from prior studies, the article adopts the perspective of the implementation facilitators. It illustrates how the implementation process faced obstacles stemming from new organizational paradigms, characterized by heightened rationalization, standardization, and perpetual restructuring within the sector. Consequently, the article underscores how reforms associated with New Public Management significantly limits health policies' ambitions to turn the workplace into a health-promoting setting These challenges are particularly pertinent concerning the enduring goals of social sustainability.

Following the recent shift in medicine towards viewing dementia as a preventable disease, various activating interventions are being discussed to halt cognitive decline of people living in long-term care facilities. This article examines how the dementia discourse, with its turn towards prevention, translates into local everyday care practices. Based on problem-centered interviews, the study analyses how nurses negotiate the prevention paradigm in the context of current health policies, active aging culture, and institutional frameworks in German nursing homes.

The study reveals two contrasting patterns in how nurses perceive, interpret, and implement current principles of dementia prevention in care: Despite most nurses being aware of current prevention recommendations, subjective conceptions of both the impact of lifestyle choices in earlier life and the effectiveness of activating interventions in care settings vary greatly. Adopting conceptions of successful aging, neuroplasticity and activity theory, some nurses understand dementia as associated with earlier lifestyle choices and see prevention as a task of nursing care. Focusing strongly on the individuals' personal needs and the well-being of those in need of care, the other group still sees dementia as fated, suggesting either a critical stance or a more holistic understanding of dementia prevention.

Furthermore, institutional frameworks and economization processes in the German care system undermine the goal of strengthening prevention and health promotion. While prevention is promoted as an answer to the care crisis in health policy discourses, the implementation of preventive interventions is severely restricted by the fragmentation of nursing tasks, time constraints, and limited resources in care facilities.

Many scholars have cautioned that the use of Western research methods is problematic in studies with Indigenous communities given colonialist histories that have exploited Indigenous populations. One solution has been to utilize a Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach to enhance equity in research partnerships. Employing a CBPR approach, however, does not necessitate the inclusion of Indigenous Research Methods, an additional step that can further benefit studies with their explicit alignment with Indigenous worldviews and values. In a CBPR project aiming to understand Indigenous harm reduction clients' perspectives of barriers and facilitators to opioid use disorder treatment, our research group assembled a multidisciplinary qualitative data analysis team that included diverse tribal community members and academics. Sparse literature was available to guide the use of Indigenous Research Methods for the qualitative data analysis phase of the research. To address this gap, the aims of this process paper are: (1) to describe the implementation of the Collaborative Story Analysis method, and (2) in the Indigenous tradition of honoring and sharing stories, describe our analysis team's experiences and perceptions of implementing this Indigenous Research Method. Through a series of process discussions, the analysis team found that applying the Collaborative Story Analysis method: (1) honored relationships and story, (2) strengthened the depth of analysis, and (3) exhibited tensions when working in a dominant Western culture. Through sharing our team's experiences, the aspiration is that others can use these insights in their own consideration and implementation of an Indigenous Research Method for qualitative data analysis.

Background

Black women and girls (BWGs) face an elevated risk of being killed by police, yet few studies have focused on the proximal factors increasing their exposure to these deadly encounters.

Objective

This paper elucidates the determinants and features of fatal police encounters with BWGs over a 20-year period. We examined (1) the initial cause of police contact, (2) how the encounter unfolded and escalated to a fatality, and (3) trends in factors salient to how each case transpired.

Methods

Using the Fatal Encounters database, we identified 573 BWGs killed between 2000 and 2019. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we leveraged case descriptions and triangulated with news articles, police reports, legal documents, and other texts about decedents to determine what happened in each case, why, and to what effect.

Results

While many fatal police encounters were precipitated by alleged criminal activity, a significant number were due to minor violations, public health crises, and domestic violence. Moreover, most BWGs were not the target of the police activity that ultimately killed them, and their deaths came as collateral damage from the aggressive policing of others.

Conclusion

As the US continues to grapple with the role of policing in community safety, this work complicates the understanding of how police operate and impact communities, raising questions about how to effectively address root causes beyond carceral and punitive frameworks.

Introduction

Important lessons can be learned from the intergenerational sharing of lifetime love and relationship stories between multigenerational LGBTQ + people, to inform education, healthcare, and policy. However, such exploratory studies have been limited. The aim of this co-creation study was to explore younger and older peoples’ LGBTQ + love and relationship experiences using creative methodology.

Methods

Three 2-h virtual fictional writing and storytelling workshops were conducted at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Edinburgh, Scotland. Participants included 2 middle-aged adults; 3 older adults aged 55+; and 5 youths who identified as either lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer. Participants’ stories were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically-analyzed to capture understandings of intergenerational knowledge exchange and LGBTQ + love and relationships across sociocultural and environmental contexts. Diverse experiences were unpacked and shared through a self-reflexive creative writing process.

Findings

Participants identified the act of storytelling and fictional writing as particularly liberating, providing a platform for voice and reflexivity. The reflexive analysis highlighted the importance of reflexivity and the careful navigation of intersectionality and power within research contexts. Our introspective analysis resulted in valuable future directions for employing creative methodologies to further explore diverse experiences within LGBTQ + research.

Conclusions

Participants reported that being able to craft their stories was a freeing experience, enabling sense-making to occur. Using creative methodology was demonstrated as an effective way to facilitate intergenerational engagement, and bring to light the complexities of LGBTQ + love and relationships across generations in a safe environment.

Despite the potential benefit of receiving personalized health risk information, when given the opportunity to learn their risk, some people avoid that information. An extensive body of research has revealed various reasons for such information avoidance. Most of this existing work has used quantitative methods, with less focus on self-reported reasons for avoiding health risk information. We used a content analysis approach across four datasets (Dataset 1: n = 174, Dataset 2: n = 326, Dataset 3: n = 83, Dataset 4: n = 168), with the goal of identifying a broad range of self-reported reasons for avoidance. In each study, U.S. adults had the opportunity to learn their personalized risk estimate for a health condition through an online risk calculator (Health condition contexts: Dataset 1: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, prediabetes, lung cancer, colon cancer, melanoma skin cancer, breast cancer, or prostate cancer; Datasets 2 and 3: prediabetes; Dataset 4: melanoma skin cancer, stroke, lung cancer, osteoporosis, prediabetes, or diabetes). Participants who avoided their risk were asked to explain their reason(s) for avoidance via an open-ended question. Coding of these responses resulted in four overarching categories of self-reported reasons for information avoidance: information appraisal, self-perceptions of health, low utility, and affective consequences. The reasons identified both support and extend the current understanding of why people avoid health risk information.

Illuminating relational gendered dimensions of emotions in heterosexual cisgender men’s intimate partnerships, this study addresses a significant knowledge gap in masculinities, emotionality and health work. Thematic analyses of individual photovoice interviews with 92 men from diverse locales and ethnocultural backgrounds revealed a trilogy of men’s practices regarding emotions. Emotional restraint was embodied by men withholding rather than freely expressing emotions, wherein participants justified diverse practices as the by-product of not understanding women partners’ emotionality and working to balance emotions in the relationship. In coached emotions men spoke about needing to unlearn suppressing their emotions while relying on women partners’ expertise for becoming more emotionally expressive and available. This included work around reading and accommodating their partner’s emotions. Emotionally orientated men positioned themselves as relationship ready, whereby they were equally or more emotional than their partners. This emotionality was claimed as an asset and strength integral to building contemporary intimate partner relationships. The findings highlight most men as operating across the three themes, revealing how wide-ranging socially constructed emotions are influenced by gender relations and a plurality of masculinities. Also afforded by these results are directions for working with heterosexual cisgender men to advance gender equity in heterosexual intimate partner relationships.

Since 2017, more than a dozen municipalities and five states have passed Right to Counsel (RTC) legislation that guarantees access to free full-scope legal representation for eligible tenants facing eviction. Given the novelty of RTC, much remains unknown about the impacts of these programs or policies on individual renters and their communities. Among these unknown impacts is the way that RTC may affect individual tenant health and population health more broadly. Qualitative research is critical to understanding how these policies are experienced on the ground and how they may affect health and well-being. Responding to this need, we collected qualitative data with more than 100 RTC tenants and other stakeholders in Connecticut, during the first year of the state's statewide RTC policy. Our data show the multiple ways that RTC can help tenants stay in their homes, preventing the well documented health consequences of eviction. Our data also suggest ways that RTC can help tenants secure less health harming outcomes, even when a forced move is unavoidable. Beyond individual impacts, we observe both potential and limitations of RTC in addressing tenant health and health equity more broadly. We do not see evidence in our data that, by itself, CT-RTC substantially changes dynamics between landlords and tenants in ways that would support tenant health. However, we do see ways that RTC can support building collective tenant power that advances systemic changes in the service of housing justice and health equity.