Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2023.43.53
Daniel Nakapu Hussein, Mwakio Tole, Maarifa Mwakumanya
This study describes a study conducted in 2021-2022 in the Shire River Basin (SRB) of Chikwawa District, Malawi to evaluate how flood forecasting is currently performed and to provide recommendations for improvement. Flooding often occurs in the basin, endangering people's lives and property. A case in point is the 2015 flood and 2019 Tropical Cyclone Idai, which were so devastating that Malawi required international assistance. This showed that the Flood Forecasting System (FFS) in the basin has not been as robust as needed to adequately warn and prepare communities before the flood occurrence. For this purpose, a study was conducted in four Traditional Authorities (T/As) of Chikwawa District, namely Mlilima, Kasisi, Makhuwira and Lundu. Individual and group interviews were conducted with 114 residents and government officials, and a survey of 270 households was conducted by 5 research assistants. Three types of research methods were used: (1) Case study (2019 flood), (2) Phenomenological (live experiences of local people), and (3) Quantitative analysis (by users of the FFS). The results showed that a sophisticated Indigenous Flood Forecasting System (IFFS) exists in the SRB to improve both flood detection and early warning systems, however, it is not used by the Malawian government officials tasked with Flood Forecasting (FF). Based on these findings, we recommend the development and implementation of a new “integrated flood forecasting system” in the Shire River Basin, which combines both scientific and indigenous FFS to combat flood impacts.
{"title":"Flood Forecasting in Malawi's Shire River Basin","authors":"Daniel Nakapu Hussein, Mwakio Tole, Maarifa Mwakumanya","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2023.43.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2023.43.53","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a study conducted in 2021-2022 in the Shire River Basin (SRB) of Chikwawa District, Malawi to evaluate how flood forecasting is currently performed and to provide recommendations for improvement. Flooding often occurs in the basin, endangering people's lives and property. A case in point is the 2015 flood and 2019 Tropical Cyclone Idai, which were so devastating that Malawi required international assistance. This showed that the Flood Forecasting System (FFS) in the basin has not been as robust as needed to adequately warn and prepare communities before the flood occurrence. For this purpose, a study was conducted in four Traditional Authorities (T/As) of Chikwawa District, namely Mlilima, Kasisi, Makhuwira and Lundu. Individual and group interviews were conducted with 114 residents and government officials, and a survey of 270 households was conducted by 5 research assistants. Three types of research methods were used: (1) Case study (2019 flood), (2) Phenomenological (live experiences of local people), and (3) Quantitative analysis (by users of the FFS). The results showed that a sophisticated Indigenous Flood Forecasting System (IFFS) exists in the SRB to improve both flood detection and early warning systems, however, it is not used by the Malawian government officials tasked with Flood Forecasting (FF). Based on these findings, we recommend the development and implementation of a new “integrated flood forecasting system” in the Shire River Basin, which combines both scientific and indigenous FFS to combat flood impacts.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135201176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2023.54.59
Ahmad Nawaz, Ram Sharan Singh
The present study addressed the application of sandwich-type air cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) for the production of bioelectricity. Activated carbon was pasted on aluminum mesh for the manufacture of anode and cathode. This electrode design eliminated the requirement for carbon cloth or a metal catalyst, resulting in a cathode with excellent activity for oxygen reduction. The findings demonstrated that open circuit voltage (OCV) initially rose with duration due to microbial growth rate. Furthermore, decreases in voltage are seen, probably as a result of a decrease in sufficient feed for the number of microbes. When fed with glucose (substrate), OCV suddenly increased when the bacteria re-grow and then maintains a consistent amount. The current was recorded employing a multimeter, the same as the OCV. The produced current was found to have increased significantly. These results demonstrate that activated carbon is an economical substance for obtaining advantageous oxygen reduction rates in ACMFC.
{"title":"Production of Bioelectricity Using Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell","authors":"Ahmad Nawaz, Ram Sharan Singh","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2023.54.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2023.54.59","url":null,"abstract":"The present study addressed the application of sandwich-type air cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) for the production of bioelectricity. Activated carbon was pasted on aluminum mesh for the manufacture of anode and cathode. This electrode design eliminated the requirement for carbon cloth or a metal catalyst, resulting in a cathode with excellent activity for oxygen reduction. The findings demonstrated that open circuit voltage (OCV) initially rose with duration due to microbial growth rate. Furthermore, decreases in voltage are seen, probably as a result of a decrease in sufficient feed for the number of microbes. When fed with glucose (substrate), OCV suddenly increased when the bacteria re-grow and then maintains a consistent amount. The current was recorded employing a multimeter, the same as the OCV. The produced current was found to have increased significantly. These results demonstrate that activated carbon is an economical substance for obtaining advantageous oxygen reduction rates in ACMFC.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135201175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nkongolo, G. Spiers, P. Beckett, R. Narendrula-Kotha
: Investigations of restored metal contaminated tailings in Canada with regard to their long-term ability to sustain plant and associated microbiological populations are limited. The specific objectives of the present study were to assess (1) The current levels of total and bioavailable metals and (2) Microbial biomass in Cobalt Coleman mine tailings reclaimed in 1990. The level of microbial biomass was determined using Phospholipid Fatty Acid analysis (PLFA). Metal analysis revealed that the concentration of total Arsenic (As) was >100 and 20 ´ higher in the Nipissing tailing compared to the non-tailing site and the Cart Lake tailing. The same trend was observed to a lesser degree for total Cobalt (Co) and Copper (Cu) concentrations. Overall, the total metal levels remain high >30 years after phytoremediation, but the bioavailable metal amount was low. This suggests that soil metal impacts on biota are minimal. The reclaimed tailing exhibited significantly lower levels (p≤0.05) of organic matter compared to non-tailing reference areas. More importantly, the analyses revealed significantly high (p≤0.05) total microbial biomass in non-tailing soil samples (with higher organic matter content) compared to tailing soils. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.87) was observed between organic matter and total microbial biomass. In contrast to other studies, the pH of the two tailing sites was neutral (7.1 and 7.5) and negatively correlated (r = -95) with bacterial and fungal abundance. Bacteria dominated the microbial communities in all the sites including the non-tailing area, indicating that the targeted region is still under severe environmental stress. Overall, the metal levels in the targeted tailings remain high and the phytoremediation did not improve significantly the soil quality (organic matter, microbial biomass) over the last three decades.
{"title":"Levels of Metals and Microbial Biomass in Cobalt Coleman Mine Tailings (Canada) Three Decades after Land Reclamation","authors":"K. Nkongolo, G. Spiers, P. Beckett, R. Narendrula-Kotha","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2023.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2023.1.7","url":null,"abstract":": Investigations of restored metal contaminated tailings in Canada with regard to their long-term ability to sustain plant and associated microbiological populations are limited. The specific objectives of the present study were to assess (1) The current levels of total and bioavailable metals and (2) Microbial biomass in Cobalt Coleman mine tailings reclaimed in 1990. The level of microbial biomass was determined using Phospholipid Fatty Acid analysis (PLFA). Metal analysis revealed that the concentration of total Arsenic (As) was >100 and 20 ´ higher in the Nipissing tailing compared to the non-tailing site and the Cart Lake tailing. The same trend was observed to a lesser degree for total Cobalt (Co) and Copper (Cu) concentrations. Overall, the total metal levels remain high >30 years after phytoremediation, but the bioavailable metal amount was low. This suggests that soil metal impacts on biota are minimal. The reclaimed tailing exhibited significantly lower levels (p≤0.05) of organic matter compared to non-tailing reference areas. More importantly, the analyses revealed significantly high (p≤0.05) total microbial biomass in non-tailing soil samples (with higher organic matter content) compared to tailing soils. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.87) was observed between organic matter and total microbial biomass. In contrast to other studies, the pH of the two tailing sites was neutral (7.1 and 7.5) and negatively correlated (r = -95) with bacterial and fungal abundance. Bacteria dominated the microbial communities in all the sites including the non-tailing area, indicating that the targeted region is still under severe environmental stress. Overall, the metal levels in the targeted tailings remain high and the phytoremediation did not improve significantly the soil quality (organic matter, microbial biomass) over the last three decades.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83440024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2023.8.42
R. Tewari, Tan Chee Phuat, M. Sedaralit
{"title":"A Toolkit Approach for Carbon Capture and Storage in Offshore Depleted Gas Field","authors":"R. Tewari, Tan Chee Phuat, M. Sedaralit","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2023.8.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2023.8.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84274523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.135.144
N. Chibo
: Gully erosion have been proven to vary both in terms of size and number in urban and rural settlements and is caused by factors related to both human and natural phenomenon. This study assessed the gully morphological development in an urban and rural settlement with the view of finding the settlement that is more vulnerable to gully erosion development. It investigated gully development in the urban and rural settlements of UIRB; gully morphological features in settlements; and the anthropogenic factors of gully development in urban and rural settlements. A reconnaissance survey was carried out in 2016, while a detailed field survey on the sampled locations and gully sites was carried out from 2017 till early 2019. Two types of data were employed in this study. They were primary and secondary (archival) data. The secondary data set used for this study was obtained from maps (topographical and lithological) and satellite imageries obtained from USSG. Primary data used for the study were grouped into two-gully morphological data and anthropogenic data. The two data sets were obtained through field measurement, digital image analysis, and a questionnaire survey. The morphological data considered are gully length, width, depth, area slope, and elevation, while anthropogenic data involves human economic activities. The sampling technique employed was randomized systematic sampling. Three major factors considered in the course of sampling were settlement type, the number of second-order basins located within the various settlements of the upper Imo River basin, and several gullies located in the settlements of UIRB. Considering these factors 18 gully sites were randomly sampled from gullied second-order basins. Data analysis makes use of percentages, measures of variations,
{"title":"Gully Morphological Assessment and Anthropogenic Determinants in Urban and Rural Settlements of Upper Imo River Basin (UIRB) South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"N. Chibo","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2022.135.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.135.144","url":null,"abstract":": Gully erosion have been proven to vary both in terms of size and number in urban and rural settlements and is caused by factors related to both human and natural phenomenon. This study assessed the gully morphological development in an urban and rural settlement with the view of finding the settlement that is more vulnerable to gully erosion development. It investigated gully development in the urban and rural settlements of UIRB; gully morphological features in settlements; and the anthropogenic factors of gully development in urban and rural settlements. A reconnaissance survey was carried out in 2016, while a detailed field survey on the sampled locations and gully sites was carried out from 2017 till early 2019. Two types of data were employed in this study. They were primary and secondary (archival) data. The secondary data set used for this study was obtained from maps (topographical and lithological) and satellite imageries obtained from USSG. Primary data used for the study were grouped into two-gully morphological data and anthropogenic data. The two data sets were obtained through field measurement, digital image analysis, and a questionnaire survey. The morphological data considered are gully length, width, depth, area slope, and elevation, while anthropogenic data involves human economic activities. The sampling technique employed was randomized systematic sampling. Three major factors considered in the course of sampling were settlement type, the number of second-order basins located within the various settlements of the upper Imo River basin, and several gullies located in the settlements of UIRB. Considering these factors 18 gully sites were randomly sampled from gullied second-order basins. Data analysis makes use of percentages, measures of variations,","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76571105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.145.160
Jacob Joshua, Aishwarya Sathyachandran, Chenicherry House Sujatha
: The application of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aerosol Optical Depth (MODIS-AOD) for Air Quality (AQ) assessment has contributed significantly by making use of a spatiotemporal relationship between ground-level particulate matter and aerosol optical density at both city and state levels. Traditional ground-based site-specific particulate matter monitoring method has found a profound gap in their spatial coverage. Such challenging situations prevail over the progressive development of the combined usage of ground monitoring technique along with the MODIS-AOD product (with 10 km spatial resolution). This was achieved and derived by assembling the satellite sensor, Terra as a tool for the regional-based specific studies for monitoring airborne particles. Their analytical linear association was evaluated and explored their feasibility for monitoring either Respirable Suspended organic Matter (RSPM) or AQI in spatiotemporally distinct geographical sites situated in four States of India. Examined the interrelationship between RSPM-AOD against meteorological drivers through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of the focussed four zones. Elevated Air Pollution was noticed in the urban and industrial cities of Pune, Kochi, and Chennai. They were flanked by various industrial clusters and the substantial personal handling of vehicles. A region-wise RSPM-AOD correlation was recorded for the categorized areas: WS1, WS2, SW, and ES. Each zone was subsequently judged and a noteworthy association was linked between the ground-monitored RSPM data and the retrieved AOD output. This means of records could represent the aerosol component; consequently, infer their sources of origin and in later days could come up with reasonable emission control channels. States of India Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, are categorized as WS1, WS2, SW, and ES respectively .
{"title":"Air Quality Interpretation of Four Geographically Distinct Hot Spot States of India-An Appraisal Using Aerosol Optical Depth and Particulate Matter","authors":"Jacob Joshua, Aishwarya Sathyachandran, Chenicherry House Sujatha","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2022.145.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.145.160","url":null,"abstract":": The application of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-Aerosol Optical Depth (MODIS-AOD) for Air Quality (AQ) assessment has contributed significantly by making use of a spatiotemporal relationship between ground-level particulate matter and aerosol optical density at both city and state levels. Traditional ground-based site-specific particulate matter monitoring method has found a profound gap in their spatial coverage. Such challenging situations prevail over the progressive development of the combined usage of ground monitoring technique along with the MODIS-AOD product (with 10 km spatial resolution). This was achieved and derived by assembling the satellite sensor, Terra as a tool for the regional-based specific studies for monitoring airborne particles. Their analytical linear association was evaluated and explored their feasibility for monitoring either Respirable Suspended organic Matter (RSPM) or AQI in spatiotemporally distinct geographical sites situated in four States of India. Examined the interrelationship between RSPM-AOD against meteorological drivers through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of the focussed four zones. Elevated Air Pollution was noticed in the urban and industrial cities of Pune, Kochi, and Chennai. They were flanked by various industrial clusters and the substantial personal handling of vehicles. A region-wise RSPM-AOD correlation was recorded for the categorized areas: WS1, WS2, SW, and ES. Each zone was subsequently judged and a noteworthy association was linked between the ground-monitored RSPM data and the retrieved AOD output. This means of records could represent the aerosol component; consequently, infer their sources of origin and in later days could come up with reasonable emission control channels. States of India Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, are categorized as WS1, WS2, SW, and ES respectively .","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84455102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.105.115
D. Jacob, I. U. Nelson, Juliet Oluwaseun Dickson
: The study empirically assessed the interactions between the Itu wetland resource of Akwa Ibom State and the livelihoods of the communities within it. A two-stage sampling method involving purposive sampling of 30% (6 communities) based on proximity to the resource and random selection of 30 households from the selected communities was utilized. In addition, 118 respondents were sampled using a semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome of the samples’ demographic characteristics and interaction with the wetland in terms of Level, frequency, time, and quantity of products utilized were presented using non-inferential statistics such as percentages, frequency, tables, and bar charts. Determinants influencing the utilization of the wetland by respondents were estimated with the aid of regression and ordinary least squares. Utilization of the Itu wetland was significantly (p<0.01) influenced by age (-0.0000508), educational status (-0.0000103), size of household population (-0.0002766), and distance from the wetland (-0.0001915). The study provides a critical stance for the conservation of the Itu wetland and a long-term plan for the inclusion of its local communities in its management as a critical strategy for ensuring its survival, sustainability, and integrity.
{"title":"Livelihood and Resource Interaction of Households in Itu Wetland, Nigeria","authors":"D. Jacob, I. U. Nelson, Juliet Oluwaseun Dickson","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2022.105.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.105.115","url":null,"abstract":": The study empirically assessed the interactions between the Itu wetland resource of Akwa Ibom State and the livelihoods of the communities within it. A two-stage sampling method involving purposive sampling of 30% (6 communities) based on proximity to the resource and random selection of 30 households from the selected communities was utilized. In addition, 118 respondents were sampled using a semi-structured questionnaire. The outcome of the samples’ demographic characteristics and interaction with the wetland in terms of Level, frequency, time, and quantity of products utilized were presented using non-inferential statistics such as percentages, frequency, tables, and bar charts. Determinants influencing the utilization of the wetland by respondents were estimated with the aid of regression and ordinary least squares. Utilization of the Itu wetland was significantly (p<0.01) influenced by age (-0.0000508), educational status (-0.0000103), size of household population (-0.0002766), and distance from the wetland (-0.0001915). The study provides a critical stance for the conservation of the Itu wetland and a long-term plan for the inclusion of its local communities in its management as a critical strategy for ensuring its survival, sustainability, and integrity.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79991045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.116.124
Kh Tam, D. Thanh, H. Van, N. Mai, C. Hai, Tran Minh Phuong, N. Xuan, V. Nguyen
: In this report, the silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-pot method by the leaf and stem extract of Disporopsis longifolia as reducing, capping agents, and stabilizers for the first time. The optimal extract amount, AgNO 3 concentration, reaction temperature, and time for the AgNPs synthesis were identified using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the as-synthesized AgNPs. In addition, the characteristic vibration of the Ag-organic functional group was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited promising Methylene Blue (MB) photodegradation, resulting in approximately 100% removal after 240 min without any substantial silver leaching under the solar light. It is found that the AgNPs photocatalysis activity is improved by the synergy of the Disporopsis longifolia extract solution and can efficiently adapt to the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial wastewater.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Extract of Disporopsis Longifolia for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue","authors":"Kh Tam, D. Thanh, H. Van, N. Mai, C. Hai, Tran Minh Phuong, N. Xuan, V. Nguyen","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2022.116.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.116.124","url":null,"abstract":": In this report, the silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized in a simple one-pot method by the leaf and stem extract of Disporopsis longifolia as reducing, capping agents, and stabilizers for the first time. The optimal extract amount, AgNO 3 concentration, reaction temperature, and time for the AgNPs synthesis were identified using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the as-synthesized AgNPs. In addition, the characteristic vibration of the Ag-organic functional group was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The as-synthesized AgNPs exhibited promising Methylene Blue (MB) photodegradation, resulting in approximately 100% removal after 240 min without any substantial silver leaching under the solar light. It is found that the AgNPs photocatalysis activity is improved by the synergy of the Disporopsis longifolia extract solution and can efficiently adapt to the photodegradation of organic dyes in industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86454548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.125.134
A. N. Donald, Pene B. Raphael, Oluwole J. Olumide, Okoro F. Amarachukwu
: Heavy metal pollution continues to be a serious problem in the environment due to uncontrolled pesticide use, mining, foundry operations, smelting, fossil fuel burning and sewage sludge dumping. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, copper and other heavy metals are non-biodegradable and remain in the environment in regions where human activity is prevalent. Heavy metal contamination is a serious hazard to all biota in the ecosystem because of its devastating consequences and their accumulation in soil and water has significant implications for food safety and security, the growth of plants and the survival of soil microorganisms that play significant roles in sustaining agricultural crop production. Even at low doses, these metals are toxic and can affect the food chain, posing serious public health risks. Hence, the purpose of this study is to present a concise but detailed potential source and impacts of heavy metals on the biotic segment of the ecosystems with a view to understanding and building long-term strategies for reducing their pollution and protecting public health.
{"title":"The Synopsis of Environmental Heavy Metal Pollution","authors":"A. N. Donald, Pene B. Raphael, Oluwole J. Olumide, Okoro F. Amarachukwu","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2022.125.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2022.125.134","url":null,"abstract":": Heavy metal pollution continues to be a serious problem in the environment due to uncontrolled pesticide use, mining, foundry operations, smelting, fossil fuel burning and sewage sludge dumping. Mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, copper and other heavy metals are non-biodegradable and remain in the environment in regions where human activity is prevalent. Heavy metal contamination is a serious hazard to all biota in the ecosystem because of its devastating consequences and their accumulation in soil and water has significant implications for food safety and security, the growth of plants and the survival of soil microorganisms that play significant roles in sustaining agricultural crop production. Even at low doses, these metals are toxic and can affect the food chain, posing serious public health risks. Hence, the purpose of this study is to present a concise but detailed potential source and impacts of heavy metals on the biotic segment of the ecosystems with a view to understanding and building long-term strategies for reducing their pollution and protecting public health.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90956728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2022.89.104
Zohra Saad, Orbi Abdellatif, El Khattat Mahmoud, Oudra Brahim
: Dakhla bay has become a center of socio-economic interest in southern Morocco due to its geographical location and its biological richness. During the last decade, several projects have been installed and the exploitation of this ecological niche has increased. Faced with this situation, it was necessary to assess the quality of the waters of Dakhla bay and determine its current ecological status. To do this, the European method established by the Water Framework Directive (2000) was adopted and adapted to Dakhla bay. The results of the evaluation showed that this bay has areas sensitive to chemical contamination and others affected by eutrophication. These ecological disturbances are due to Human activities and/or natural phenomena. The objective of this study is to contribute to the development of a methodology to evaluate the ecological status of a marine ecosystem and apply it to Dakhla bay. The results are presented in the form of a matrix of areas at Risk of Non-Respect of Environmental Objectives (RNREO) and measures that could mitigate these risks.
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