Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2019.55.63
Aroloye O. Numbere
The invasion of nypa palm into mangrove forest is a serious problem in the Niger Delta. It is thus hypothesized that soil will influence the growth, survival and abundance of mangrove and nypa palm seedlings. The objective was to compare the growth, survival and abundance of both species in mangroves, nypa palm and farm soils (control). The seeds were planted in polyethylene bags and monitored for one year. Seed and seedling abundance experiment was conducted in the field. The result indicates that there was significant difference in height (F3, 162 = 4.54, P<0.001) and number of leaves (F3, 162 = 21.52, P<0.0001) of mangrove seedlings in different soils, but there was no significant difference in diameter (F3, 162 = 4.54, P = 0.06). Height of mangrove seedling was influenced by highly polluted soil (P = 0.027) while number of leaves was influenced by farm soil (P = 0.0001). On the other hand, mangrove seedlings planted in farm soil were taller (7.8±0.7 cm) than seedlings planted in highly polluted (7.7±0.4 cm), lowly polluted (6.3±1.4 cm) and nypa palm (6.0±0.8 cm) soils whereas Nypa palm seedlings planted in farm soil were the tallest (42±3.4 cm) followed by mangrove-high (38.8±5.8 cm), mangrove-low (34.2±cm) and nypa palm (21.1±1.0 cm) soils. Furthermore, species abundance of the different growth stages of mangrove and nypa palm seedlings were significantly different (F1, 37 = 3.07, P = 0.04). Nypa palm seedlings outnumbered mangroves (27:1) and had higher overall survival rate (0.48) than mangroves seedlings (0.35) in all soils. This implies that nypa palm has competitive advantage over mangrove in mangrove soil.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Types on Growth, Survival and Abundance of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) and Nypa Palm (Nypa fruticans) Seedlings in the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"Aroloye O. Numbere","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2019.55.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2019.55.63","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of nypa palm into mangrove forest is a serious problem in the Niger Delta. It is thus hypothesized that soil will influence the growth, survival and abundance of mangrove and nypa palm seedlings. The objective was to compare the growth, survival and abundance of both species in mangroves, nypa palm and farm soils (control). The seeds were planted in polyethylene bags and monitored for one year. Seed and seedling abundance experiment was conducted in the field. The result indicates that there was significant difference in height (F3, 162 = 4.54, P<0.001) and number of leaves (F3, 162 = 21.52, P<0.0001) of mangrove seedlings in different soils, but there was no significant difference in diameter (F3, 162 = 4.54, P = 0.06). Height of mangrove seedling was influenced by highly polluted soil (P = 0.027) while number of leaves was influenced by farm soil (P = 0.0001). On the other hand, mangrove seedlings planted in farm soil were taller (7.8±0.7 cm) than seedlings planted in highly polluted (7.7±0.4 cm), lowly polluted (6.3±1.4 cm) and nypa palm (6.0±0.8 cm) soils whereas Nypa palm seedlings planted in farm soil were the tallest (42±3.4 cm) followed by mangrove-high (38.8±5.8 cm), mangrove-low (34.2±cm) and nypa palm (21.1±1.0 cm) soils. Furthermore, species abundance of the different growth stages of mangrove and nypa palm seedlings were significantly different (F1, 37 = 3.07, P = 0.04). Nypa palm seedlings outnumbered mangroves (27:1) and had higher overall survival rate (0.48) than mangroves seedlings (0.35) in all soils. This implies that nypa palm has competitive advantage over mangrove in mangrove soil.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90954976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-01DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2019.64.81
Carnell Colebrook-Claude
This study aims to validate the Adolescent Internal Environmental Locus of Control (AINELOC) scales (green consumer, activist, advocate and recycling attitude). The AINELOC was used to identify the association between internal locus of control and pro-environmental behaviors in adolescents. The study was conducted because of the lack of data in the literature about the subject matter and developed based on the deficiency of applicability in the original Internal Environmental Locus of Control (INELOC) scale to the adolescent population. This opportunity to adjust the language to make it more accessible for adolescents resulted in the construction of the AINELOC tool to research adolescents’ reasoning and innate ability to make interpretations about beliefs and motivations regarding the environment. It was demonstrated that persons with greater levels of internal environmental locus of control have positive mindsets and beliefs that affect their well-being, behavior and attitude toward the environment. Collectively, the literature in this research explored the role of LOC as a driving factor and a strong predictor in shaping an individual’s eco-centric thoughts and behavior. The factor structure of the AINELOC was examined and data collected from a sample of adolescents to validate the internal consistency of scales for this novel construct. Correlations between the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLOC) measure with the new AINELOC tool were conducted to provide substantiation for the convergent and discriminant validity of the AINELOC.
{"title":"Adolescent Internal Environmental Locus of Control Scale (AINELOC) Measurement Tool","authors":"Carnell Colebrook-Claude","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2019.64.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2019.64.81","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to validate the Adolescent Internal Environmental Locus of Control (AINELOC) scales (green consumer, activist, advocate and recycling attitude). The AINELOC was used to identify the association between internal locus of control and pro-environmental behaviors in adolescents. The study was conducted because of the lack of data in the literature about the subject matter and developed based on the deficiency of applicability in the original Internal Environmental Locus of Control (INELOC) scale to the adolescent population. This opportunity to adjust the language to make it more accessible for adolescents resulted in the construction of the AINELOC tool to research adolescents’ reasoning and innate ability to make interpretations about beliefs and motivations regarding the environment. It was demonstrated that persons with greater levels of internal environmental locus of control have positive mindsets and beliefs that affect their well-being, behavior and attitude toward the environment. Collectively, the literature in this research explored the role of LOC as a driving factor and a strong predictor in shaping an individual’s eco-centric thoughts and behavior. The factor structure of the AINELOC was examined and data collected from a sample of adolescents to validate the internal consistency of scales for this novel construct. Correlations between the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLOC) measure with the new AINELOC tool were conducted to provide substantiation for the convergent and discriminant validity of the AINELOC.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88301145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. García-Chevesich, Eduardo E. Martínez, Alejandro García, M. Castillo, R. Garfias, D. Neary, R. Pizarro, R. Valdés-Pineda, Luis F. Gonzalez, Héctor L. Venegas-Quiñones, C. Magni
The Chilean summer of 2017 was the worst wildfire season by far. Hundreds of wildfires burned a total of more than half a million hectares of forested land (native forests and forest plantations). A significant portion of the burned area was occupied by Hualo (Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser), a native forest species widely distributed in central Chile. Using the water-drop-penetration-time method, post-fire water repellency was evaluated at different depths (on the mineral soil surface and 5 mm below it) for a Hualo stand. Comparative data were obtained from a neighboring 11-year-old Monterrey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantation. Both stands were located near Santa Olga, one of the towns that were totally consumed by the wildfire. A Chi-Square statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences among stands and soil depths. Results suggested that the abundant Hualo native forest species exhibited strong potentials to form fire-induced water repellent layers. Differences were mainly in depth between the two species. As wildfires in Chile are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, the authors strongly recommend post-fire flood control practices on Hualo-burned drainage areas located upstream from human settlements, as well as erosion and sediment control techniques to avoid post-fire desertification processes.
2017年的智利夏季是迄今为止最严重的野火季节。数百场野火烧毁了总计超过50万公顷的林地(原生林和人工林)。被烧毁地区的很大一部分被华洛(Nothofagus glauca (Phil.))占据。Krasser)，一种广泛分布于智利中部的原生森林物种。采用水滴渗透时间法，在不同深度(矿质土壤表面和5 mm以下)对华罗林分火灾后的拒水性进行了评价。比较数据来自邻近的11年生蒙特雷松(Pinus radiata D. Don)人工林。这两个摊位都位于圣奥尔加附近，圣奥尔加是被野火完全吞噬的城镇之一。采用卡方统计分析确定林分和土壤深度之间存在显著差异。结果表明，丰富的华洛原生林物种具有较强的形成火阻水层的潜力。两种间的差异主要表现在深度上。由于预计智利野火的频率和强度将增加，作者强烈建议在人类住区上游的hualo烧毁的流域采取火灾后防洪措施，以及采用侵蚀和沉积物控制技术来避免火灾后的荒漠化过程。
{"title":"Formation of Post-Fire Water Repellent Layers on Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) Forests, After the Historical “Las Máquinas” Wildfire in South-Central Chile","authors":"P. García-Chevesich, Eduardo E. Martínez, Alejandro García, M. Castillo, R. Garfias, D. Neary, R. Pizarro, R. Valdés-Pineda, Luis F. Gonzalez, Héctor L. Venegas-Quiñones, C. Magni","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Chilean summer of 2017 was the worst wildfire season by far. Hundreds of wildfires burned a total of more than half a million hectares of forested land (native forests and forest plantations). A significant portion of the burned area was occupied by Hualo (Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser), a native forest species widely distributed in central Chile. Using the water-drop-penetration-time method, post-fire water repellency was evaluated at different depths (on the mineral soil surface and 5 mm below it) for a Hualo stand. Comparative data were obtained from a neighboring 11-year-old Monterrey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantation. Both stands were located near Santa Olga, one of the towns that were totally consumed by the wildfire. A Chi-Square statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences among stands and soil depths. Results suggested that the abundant Hualo native forest species exhibited strong potentials to form fire-induced water repellent layers. Differences were mainly in depth between the two species. As wildfires in Chile are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, the authors strongly recommend post-fire flood control practices on Hualo-burned drainage areas located upstream from human settlements, as well as erosion and sediment control techniques to avoid post-fire desertification processes.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73408232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2019.7.22
Dario Lippiello, G. Degan, M. Pinzari
A geostatistical approach is tested for the assessment of the environmental impact generated by industrial plants on the surrounding areas. To this end, a case study of a tuff quarry in the Italian region of Lazio is presented. The method utilised is Intrinsic Kriging with external drift which allows spatial maps of different hazardous agents like noise and airborne dust to be made through the integration of two different kinds of information. The initial data is taken from field measurements, which are carried out in accordance with the current regulations at various points in residential or built up areas near the site. Auxiliary data, integrated with the former as external drift, are obtained from specific propagation models respectively referred to sound propagation in outdoor environments by means of ISO 9613 norm and airborne dust propagation by means of ISC3 by US EPA approach. The use of a combination of these two information sources enabled both acoustic and airborne dust maps to be made which indicate not only the overall spatial trends of the acoustic and airborne climate of the area surrounding the site but also the local variations. Such results are generally difficult to achieve due to the limited data set and usually come at the price of increasing the number of measurements taken in the field. In order to quantify the contribution of introducing this integrated approach, scenarios are presented with and without external drift, using the same field samples as input in each. The results indicate a reduction in estimate variance for the cases analysed when using Intrinsic Kriging with external drift. Furthermore, it was observed from the analysis of cross validation and estimate variance that the use of external drift may also compensate for information loss, which may occur due to a reduction in the number of receptors in the monitor network for example, without affecting the quality of the final map. In the case study, on halving the number of measurements taken while introducing the suggested drift, the quality of the result remains similar.
{"title":"Environmental Impact Assessment of Quarrying Plants: An IRF Kriging Solution to Noise and Airborne Dust Monitoring","authors":"Dario Lippiello, G. Degan, M. Pinzari","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2019.7.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2019.7.22","url":null,"abstract":"A geostatistical approach is tested for the assessment of the environmental impact generated by industrial plants on the surrounding areas. To this end, a case study of a tuff quarry in the Italian region of Lazio is presented. The method utilised is Intrinsic Kriging with external drift which allows spatial maps of different hazardous agents like noise and airborne dust to be made through the integration of two different kinds of information. The initial data is taken from field measurements, which are carried out in accordance with the current regulations at various points in residential or built up areas near the site. Auxiliary data, integrated with the former as external drift, are obtained from specific propagation models respectively referred to sound propagation in outdoor environments by means of ISO 9613 norm and airborne dust propagation by means of ISC3 by US EPA approach. The use of a combination of these two information sources enabled both acoustic and airborne dust maps to be made which indicate not only the overall spatial trends of the acoustic and airborne climate of the area surrounding the site but also the local variations. Such results are generally difficult to achieve due to the limited data set and usually come at the price of increasing the number of measurements taken in the field. In order to quantify the contribution of introducing this integrated approach, scenarios are presented with and without external drift, using the same field samples as input in each. The results indicate a reduction in estimate variance for the cases analysed when using Intrinsic Kriging with external drift. Furthermore, it was observed from the analysis of cross validation and estimate variance that the use of external drift may also compensate for information loss, which may occur due to a reduction in the number of receptors in the monitor network for example, without affecting the quality of the final map. In the case study, on halving the number of measurements taken while introducing the suggested drift, the quality of the result remains similar.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"46 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79910123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajessp.2019.23.41
M. Kusyanto, Imam Adlin Sinaga, S. Triyadi, B. Faisal, S. Wonorahardjo, A. Jurizat
Mosque buildings in Indonesia show the influence of architectural styles from the Middle East and other parts of the world. Today, information technology and the development of architectural schools play important roles in mosque styles in Indonesia. This study compared two Indonesian mosques (the Cabean and Eco Pesantren mosques in Central and West Java, respectively) in different architectural styles and considered construction processes, development actions and environmental conditions (highlands and lowlands close to the coast). Architectural quality was measured in terms of thermal comfort in the mosques. Field surveys and environmental quality measurements were undertaken at both mosques, consisting of TDB°C, TWB°C, TBG°C and v m/s. The results showed differences in mosque quality in the following aspects affecting thermal comfort: (1) the size and location of ventilation openings, (2) building aspect ratio and distance to other buildings, (3) thermal mass and (4) outdoor design quality. Horizontal and vertical openings play a significant role in thermal comfort in terms of airflow, which is affected by the distance between buildings. Building materials also play an important role in thermal comfort with regard to the penetration of direct solar radiation through the roof.
{"title":"Space Quality of Two Indonesian Mosques: Architectural Style, Development Process and Environmental Condition","authors":"M. Kusyanto, Imam Adlin Sinaga, S. Triyadi, B. Faisal, S. Wonorahardjo, A. Jurizat","doi":"10.3844/ajessp.2019.23.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2019.23.41","url":null,"abstract":"Mosque buildings in Indonesia show the influence of architectural styles from the Middle East and other parts of the world. Today, information technology and the development of architectural schools play important roles in mosque styles in Indonesia. This study compared two Indonesian mosques (the Cabean and Eco Pesantren mosques in Central and West Java, respectively) in different architectural styles and considered construction processes, development actions and environmental conditions (highlands and lowlands close to the coast). Architectural quality was measured in terms of thermal comfort in the mosques. Field surveys and environmental quality measurements were undertaken at both mosques, consisting of TDB°C, TWB°C, TBG°C and v m/s. The results showed differences in mosque quality in the following aspects affecting thermal comfort: (1) the size and location of ventilation openings, (2) building aspect ratio and distance to other buildings, (3) thermal mass and (4) outdoor design quality. Horizontal and vertical openings play a significant role in thermal comfort in terms of airflow, which is affected by the distance between buildings. Building materials also play an important role in thermal comfort with regard to the penetration of direct solar radiation through the roof.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81975327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2018.246.256
Nastaran Moarefi, P. Michael, P. Beckett, K. Nkongolo
Betula is a polyploid and highly polymorphic genus with several species known to hybridize very readily. This high level of introgression has resulted in hybrid populations where different species are sympatric. The main objectives of the present study were to identify putative hybrids between B. papyrifera and B. pumila in the Greater Sudbury Region (Northern Ontario) and to develop ISSR and RAPD markers that can differentiate B. papyrifera and B. pumila and their respective populations. This study revealed extensive introgression of B. papyrifera genes into B. pumila based on morphological characterization in the Greater Sudbury region (Northern Ontario) where these two species coexist. Genomic DNAs were extracted from all the collected genotypes from seven B. papyrifera and five B. pumila populations within the GSR. Additional samples from B. pumila from Wisconsin were also analyzed. All the DNA samples were amplified using ISSR and RAPD primers. No – species – diagnostic markers was identified because in part to a high level of polymorphic loci observed within and among populations. A close look of all the amplified products revealed a number of ISSR and RAPD diagnostic markers that differentiate P. papyrifera populations from different origins. Likewise, diagnostic bands distinguishing B. pumila from Wisconsin to the GSR population were identified.
{"title":"Identification of Molecular Markers Differentiating Betula papyrifera and B. pumila Populations from Northern Ontario (Canada)","authors":"Nastaran Moarefi, P. Michael, P. Beckett, K. Nkongolo","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2018.246.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2018.246.256","url":null,"abstract":"Betula is a polyploid and highly polymorphic genus with several species known to hybridize very readily. This high level of introgression has resulted in hybrid populations where different species are sympatric. The main objectives of the present study were to identify putative hybrids between B. papyrifera and B. pumila in the Greater Sudbury Region (Northern Ontario) and to develop ISSR and RAPD markers that can differentiate B. papyrifera and B. pumila and their respective populations. This study revealed extensive introgression of B. papyrifera genes into B. pumila based on morphological characterization in the Greater Sudbury region (Northern Ontario) where these two species coexist. Genomic DNAs were extracted from all the collected genotypes from seven B. papyrifera and five B. pumila populations within the GSR. Additional samples from B. pumila from Wisconsin were also analyzed. All the DNA samples were amplified using ISSR and RAPD primers. No – species – diagnostic markers was identified because in part to a high level of polymorphic loci observed within and among populations. A close look of all the amplified products revealed a number of ISSR and RAPD diagnostic markers that differentiate P. papyrifera populations from different origins. Likewise, diagnostic bands distinguishing B. pumila from Wisconsin to the GSR population were identified.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"246-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79125961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2018.234.245
M. Hossain, E. Jahan, Z. Parveen, S. Ahmed, M. Uddin
An investigation was conducted to assess the impact of solid waste disposal on surrounding environment of Matuail landfill site of Dhaka city. Three different locations such as current dumping, abandoned and its surrounded agricultural areas of Matuail landfill were selected for soil and plant samples, leachate from active dumping and fish samples from treated leachate pond. The Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were high in the dumping (360 µg g-1 Cu, 806 µg g-1 Zn and 382 µg g-1 Pb) and abandoned (199 µg g-1 Cu, 452 µg g-1 Zn and 519 µg g-1 Pb) areas that exceeded the permissible limits. The heavy metal concentrations in plant samples did not show any significant contamination except Cu, Zn and Pb that also exceeded the permissible limits. On the other side, the organic matter and nutrient concentrations such as N, P, K and S of both soil and plant samples are within desirable value in the studied area. The concentrations of DO, BOD, COD and TDS of the untreated leachate were found 1.34 mg L-1, 96 mg L-1, 1343 mg L-1 and 7120 mg L-1, respectively that exceeded inland surface water standard but after treatment the concentrations of DO, BOD and TDS in the treated leachate pond were found within the permissible limit. The presence of heavy metal in leachate is not contaminated as it is below the toxic limit. The bioaccumulation of fish from treated pond is extremely high of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni that exceeded the WHOs permissible limit.
{"title":"Solid Waste Disposal and its Impact on Surrounding Environment of Matuail landfill Site, Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"M. Hossain, E. Jahan, Z. Parveen, S. Ahmed, M. Uddin","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2018.234.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2018.234.245","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was conducted to assess the impact of solid waste disposal on surrounding environment of Matuail landfill site of Dhaka city. Three different locations such as current dumping, abandoned and its surrounded agricultural areas of Matuail landfill were selected for soil and plant samples, leachate from active dumping and fish samples from treated leachate pond. The Cu, Zn and Pb concentrations were high in the dumping (360 µg g-1 Cu, 806 µg g-1 Zn and 382 µg g-1 Pb) and abandoned (199 µg g-1 Cu, 452 µg g-1 Zn and 519 µg g-1 Pb) areas that exceeded the permissible limits. The heavy metal concentrations in plant samples did not show any significant contamination except Cu, Zn and Pb that also exceeded the permissible limits. On the other side, the organic matter and nutrient concentrations such as N, P, K and S of both soil and plant samples are within desirable value in the studied area. The concentrations of DO, BOD, COD and TDS of the untreated leachate were found 1.34 mg L-1, 96 mg L-1, 1343 mg L-1 and 7120 mg L-1, respectively that exceeded inland surface water standard but after treatment the concentrations of DO, BOD and TDS in the treated leachate pond were found within the permissible limit. The presence of heavy metal in leachate is not contaminated as it is below the toxic limit. The bioaccumulation of fish from treated pond is extremely high of Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni that exceeded the WHOs permissible limit.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"234-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86306452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-07DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2018.212.225
D. G. Blanchard, Ngoa Engola Louis, Abdourahimi, B. Daniel, Saïdou-, Ndjana Nkoulou Ii Joseph Emmanuel, K. Boniface, Kwato Njock Moïse Godfroy
The main objective of this study is to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in soil samples collected around gold mines located in Betare Oya (BO) and Batouri (BA) in Eastern Cameroon. Elemental analysis of soil samples was carried out using Quant´X EDXRF spectrometer. Its sensitivity and accuracy were increased by using the Fundamental Parameter approach for quantification of the results. Analysis results showed high content of iron (39300±200 ppm), the presence of manganese (730±70 ppm), arsenic (4±2 ppm), zirconium (314±4 ppm) and lead (79±9 ppm) as compared to worldwide average upper continental crust (UCC). The mean Enrichment Factors (EF) decrease as Pb>As>Zr>Mn>Fe>Y>Ga>Zn>Cu>Ni> Rb>Sr>Sn>Ba in agreement with the Contamination Factors (CF). The values of pollution load index (PLI) were found to be low in all the studied samples and indicate that the studied sites in Betare Oya and Batouri are in low pollution status regarding the total of the studied metals. Results of this study pointed out that soils examined in the gold mining areas of Eastern Cameroon are polluted by heavy metals. It is therefore important that measures should be geared towards strengthening the monitoring of mining areas to stem down the level of contamination of soil. Phytoremediation of sites after closing open pits or the biogeosystem method would be a suitable way of regulation of the studies areas.
本研究的主要目的是评估在喀麦隆东部比塔雷奥亚(BO)和巴图里(BA)金矿周围收集的土壤样本中的重金属污染水平。采用Quant´X EDXRF光谱仪对土壤样品进行元素分析。采用基本参数法对结果进行量化，提高了灵敏度和准确性。分析结果显示，与世界平均上大陆地壳(UCC)相比，铁(39300±200 ppm)、锰(730±70 ppm)、砷(4±2 ppm)、锆(314±4 ppm)和铅(79±9 ppm)的含量较高。平均富集因子(EF)依次为Pb> as >Zr>Mn>Fe>Y>Ga>Zn>Cu>Ni> Rb>Sr>Sn>Ba，与污染因子(CF)一致。所有样本的污染负荷指数(PLI)均较低，表明研究地点比塔雷-奥雅和巴图里就研究的金属总量而言处于低污染状态。研究结果表明，喀麦隆东部金矿矿区土壤受到重金属污染。因此，重要的是应采取措施加强对矿区的监测，以减少土壤污染的程度。露天矿关闭后的植物修复或生物地质系统方法是一种适宜的整治方式。
{"title":"Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metals in the Gold Mining Region of East Cameroon","authors":"D. G. Blanchard, Ngoa Engola Louis, Abdourahimi, B. Daniel, Saïdou-, Ndjana Nkoulou Ii Joseph Emmanuel, K. Boniface, Kwato Njock Moïse Godfroy","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2018.212.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2018.212.225","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in soil samples collected around gold mines located in Betare Oya (BO) and Batouri (BA) in Eastern Cameroon. Elemental analysis of soil samples was carried out using Quant´X EDXRF spectrometer. Its sensitivity and accuracy were increased by using the Fundamental Parameter approach for quantification of the results. Analysis results showed high content of iron (39300±200 ppm), the presence of manganese (730±70 ppm), arsenic (4±2 ppm), zirconium (314±4 ppm) and lead (79±9 ppm) as compared to worldwide average upper continental crust (UCC). The mean Enrichment Factors (EF) decrease as Pb>As>Zr>Mn>Fe>Y>Ga>Zn>Cu>Ni> Rb>Sr>Sn>Ba in agreement with the Contamination Factors (CF). The values of pollution load index (PLI) were found to be low in all the studied samples and indicate that the studied sites in Betare Oya and Batouri are in low pollution status regarding the total of the studied metals. Results of this study pointed out that soils examined in the gold mining areas of Eastern Cameroon are polluted by heavy metals. It is therefore important that measures should be geared towards strengthening the monitoring of mining areas to stem down the level of contamination of soil. Phytoremediation of sites after closing open pits or the biogeosystem method would be a suitable way of regulation of the studies areas.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"212-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89756912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-27DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2018.170.184
S. Ozler, Karoline K. Johnson, M. Bergin, J. Schauer
Air pollution has become a pressing issue in today’s society because of its significant effects on humans, animals, plants, air quality, climate and the wider environment. Most urban areas are associated with one or more air pollutants which are emitted from local or regional pollution sources including vehicle exhausts, fossil fuels using in energy production, emissions from industrial and mining activities, agricultural and construction operations, household usage of chemicals and materials and natural causes. Most personal exposure studies are focused on local environments and short-term periods. Previous controlled experiments and studies were done in a small number of designated areas in cities. Our research study used time-based activity data; 3 main and 17 sub-microenvironments were applied over 37 days-long research while traveling through Southeast Asian countries. In this study, personal exposure of PM2.5 for a traveler was monitored using an assembled low-cost monitor with Plantower PMS 3003 PM2.5 sensor which has a light-scattering principle. All time-based activity data was recorded with a smartphone whenever microenvironments changed during the study period. The goal of this study was to understand more about the personal exposure to PM2.5 related air pollution in the global travel environment as a traveler and to understand how an individual’s activity and location impact PM2.5 exposure. According to the results from the Southeast Asia study, the personal PM2.5 exposure varied in the categorized microenvironments. Port/Station (outdoor) and Cafe/Pub/Restaurant (indoor-outdoor) were the most polluted microenvironments with 32.8 and 29.6 µg/m3 1-h mean PM2.5 concentration, respectively. Market/Shopping Mall (indoor), Street (outdoor) and Cable Car/Metro/Tram (vehicle) were also concerning microenvironments with 19.3, 19.3 and 18.9 µg/m3 1-h mean PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Passenger Car microenvironment had the lowest 1-h mean PM2.5 concentration of 2.3 µg/m3 which agrees with some other studies on transportation microenvironments in the literature.
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Pub Date : 2018-10-12DOI: 10.3844/AJESSP.2018.156.169
S. Jahangiri, N. Nikolova, K. Tenekedjiev
The emissions from vessels utilising heavy fuel oil include large amounts of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter, presenting significant health risks to people living near ports. To determine the effect of these emissions on human health, complex atmospheric dispersion modelling using CALPUFF assesses ground-level concentrations at receptors surrounding the sources. This paper demonstrates the application of the methodology by applying it to Port of Brisbane for the full 2013 calendar year. Various Health impact assessments as well as carcinogenic and ecological effects are discussed in depth. Results reveal that with the imminent development of many Australian ports, there is a need for continual monitoring of emissions caused by shipping.
{"title":"Application of a Developed Dispersion Model to Port of Brisbane","authors":"S. Jahangiri, N. Nikolova, K. Tenekedjiev","doi":"10.3844/AJESSP.2018.156.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJESSP.2018.156.169","url":null,"abstract":"The emissions from vessels utilising heavy fuel oil include large amounts of nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and particulate matter, presenting significant health risks to people living near ports. To determine the effect of these emissions on human health, complex atmospheric dispersion modelling using CALPUFF assesses ground-level concentrations at receptors surrounding the sources. This paper demonstrates the application of the methodology by applying it to Port of Brisbane for the full 2013 calendar year. Various Health impact assessments as well as carcinogenic and ecological effects are discussed in depth. Results reveal that with the imminent development of many Australian ports, there is a need for continual monitoring of emissions caused by shipping.","PeriodicalId":7487,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 36 1","pages":"156-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88496314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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