Zina Hashem Shehab, Sana MH Al-Shimmary, Shatha Thanoon Ahmed
Staphylococcus aureusis a grave community-acquired and nosocomial pathogen related to elevated levels of morbidity and mortality and produces a high number of toxins and other virulence agents. So, our review focuses on how S. aureusbegins, colonizes, and causes the infection and uponthe main determinants involved. This bacterium toxins included different types like (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) Hemolysins, Leukotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs), Exfoliate Toxins (ETs) ,Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST)and Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.. Studying the determinants of staphylococcal virulence and determining its structure, function, and epidemiology will facilitate the development of strategies to eliminate its resistance to antibiotics, especially in the absence ofan anti-S. aureusvaccine.
{"title":"Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins and its Pathogenesis: A Review","authors":"Zina Hashem Shehab, Sana MH Al-Shimmary, Shatha Thanoon Ahmed","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureusis a grave community-acquired and nosocomial pathogen related to elevated levels of morbidity and mortality and produces a high number of toxins and other virulence agents. So, our review focuses on how S. aureusbegins, colonizes, and causes the infection and uponthe main determinants involved. This bacterium toxins included different types like (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta) Hemolysins, Leukotoxins, Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEs), Exfoliate Toxins (ETs) ,Toxic-Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST)and Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems.. Studying the determinants of staphylococcal virulence and determining its structure, function, and epidemiology will facilitate the development of strategies to eliminate its resistance to antibiotics, especially in the absence ofan anti-S. aureusvaccine.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"45 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samples have been collected from two sources of water: drinking water and well water, for various depths for the Al-Bayaa region in Baghdad using a gamma spectrometer with the Germanium HPGe detector. The results of the analysis show that the average activity concentrations were 1.19±0.5 for 238U, 0.96±0.2 for 232Th, and 10.5±0.5 퐵푞/L for 40K in drinking water samples, and1.77±0.5 for 238U, 1.03±0.2 for 232Th, and 12.6± 0.5퐵푞/퐿for 40K in well water samples, respectively. The results were less than their recommended. The study also calculated the radiation hazards represented by the radium equivalent activity, Gamma index, Hazard Index, Absorbed gamma dose rate, Annual effective dose equivalent, and Lifetime cancer risk. All the radiological parameters in water drinking and well samples were within the range of the global limit; thus the water drinking and well water was Safe and free from radioactive contamination in that area
{"title":"Radioactivity Levels Determination and Radiological Hazards in the Drink and Well Water Samples in Baghdad","authors":"Athraa Naji Jameel","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Samples have been collected from two sources of water: drinking water and well water, for various depths for the Al-Bayaa region in Baghdad using a gamma spectrometer with the Germanium HPGe detector. The results of the analysis show that the average activity concentrations were 1.19±0.5 for 238U, 0.96±0.2 for 232Th, and 10.5±0.5 퐵푞/L for 40K in drinking water samples, and1.77±0.5 for 238U, 1.03±0.2 for 232Th, and 12.6± 0.5퐵푞/퐿for 40K in well water samples, respectively. The results were less than their recommended. The study also calculated the radiation hazards represented by the radium equivalent activity, Gamma index, Hazard Index, Absorbed gamma dose rate, Annual effective dose equivalent, and Lifetime cancer risk. All the radiological parameters in water drinking and well samples were within the range of the global limit; thus the water drinking and well water was Safe and free from radioactive contamination in that area","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"62 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has attracted great attention because of its applications in different fields such as industrial and medical fields. In this work PVC has been reacted with diphenylglyoxime (DPG) in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form PVC–DPG polymer, then the synthesized polymer reacted with alcoholic solutions of different metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Cu(II) to form colored metal ion complexes. All compounds are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopies, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. All complexes were examined with staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), confirming the biological activity against these bacteria
{"title":"Exploring the Multifunctional PVC-DPG PolymerComplexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Ahmed Al-Ani","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has attracted great attention because of its applications in different fields such as industrial and medical fields. In this work PVC has been reacted with diphenylglyoxime (DPG) in Tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form PVC–DPG polymer, then the synthesized polymer reacted with alcoholic solutions of different metal ions (Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Cu(II) to form colored metal ion complexes. All compounds are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Ultraviolet (UV-Vis) spectroscopies, magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements. All complexes were examined with staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), confirming the biological activity against these bacteria","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information security is one of the most important parts of information technology and communication in the modern world. Information security has gained a lot of attention recently due to the need to transmit information through global communication channels and through the Internet. In this research, the genetic algorithm is used to develop the chaotic maps that are randomly generated by the chaotic system to find the best map by which the locations of image data are inferred to be hidden in the audio. An average image size of 64×64 pixels is used to be hidden in an audio recording of 7 seconds duration at average resolution specifications. The results show that one of the chaotic maps created at the 739 generations is the best in determining image byte hiding locations in the high-frequency band of the audio. The quality measures show the cover audio that includes the hidden image is not much different from the original input one. This confirms the validity of the proposed method and the good selection of hiding locations in accordance with information security concepts.
{"title":"Image Hiding in an Audio File Using Chaotic Method via Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Azhar M. Kadim","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"Information security is one of the most important parts of information technology and communication in the modern world. Information security has gained a lot of attention recently due to the need to transmit information through global communication channels and through the Internet. In this research, the genetic algorithm is used to develop the chaotic maps that are randomly generated by the chaotic system to find the best map by which the locations of image data are inferred to be hidden in the audio. An average image size of 64×64 pixels is used to be hidden in an audio recording of 7 seconds duration at average resolution specifications. The results show that one of the chaotic maps created at the 739 generations is the best in determining image byte hiding locations in the high-frequency band of the audio. The quality measures show the cover audio that includes the hidden image is not much different from the original input one. This confirms the validity of the proposed method and the good selection of hiding locations in accordance with information security concepts.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many deepfake techniques in the early years are spread to create successful deepfake videos (i.e., Face Swap, Deep Fake, etc.). These methods enable anyone to manipulate faces in videos, which can negatively impact society. One way to reduce this problem is the deepfake detection. It has become such a hot topic and the most crucial task in recent years. This paper proposes a deep learning model to detect and evaluate deepfake video methods using convolutional neural networks. The model is evaluated on the FaceForensics++ video dataset that contains four different deepfake ways (deepfake, face 2 face, face swap, and neuraltexture), and it achieved 0.96 accuracy on the deepfake method, 0.95 accuracy on face 2 face approach, 0.94 precision on face swap method and 0.76 accuracy on neuraltexture method.
早期的许多深度伪造技术被传播以创建成功的深度伪造视频(即Face Swap, Deep Fake等)。这些方法使任何人都可以在视频中操纵人脸，这可能对社会产生负面影响。减少这个问题的一种方法是深度伪造检测。近年来，它已成为一个非常热门的话题和最关键的任务。本文提出了一种深度学习模型，利用卷积神经网络来检测和评估深度假视频方法。在包含四种不同深度伪造方法(deepfake、face 2 face、face swap和neuraltexture)的face取证++视频数据集上对该模型进行了评估，结果表明，deepfake方法的准确率为0.96,face 2 face方法的准确率为0.95,face swap方法的准确率为0.94,neuraltexture方法的准确率为0.76。
{"title":"Efficiency Evaluation of Popular Deepfake Methods Using Convolution Neural Network","authors":"Noor K. Alzurf, Mohammed S. Altaei","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"Many deepfake techniques in the early years are spread to create successful deepfake videos (i.e., Face Swap, Deep Fake, etc.). These methods enable anyone to manipulate faces in videos, which can negatively impact society. One way to reduce this problem is the deepfake detection. It has become such a hot topic and the most crucial task in recent years. This paper proposes a deep learning model to detect and evaluate deepfake video methods using convolutional neural networks. The model is evaluated on the FaceForensics++ video dataset that contains four different deepfake ways (deepfake, face 2 face, face swap, and neuraltexture), and it achieved 0.96 accuracy on the deepfake method, 0.95 accuracy on face 2 face approach, 0.94 precision on face swap method and 0.76 accuracy on neuraltexture method.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reem M. Azeez, Wisam K. AL-Hashemi, Tawfeeq F. R. Al-Auqbi, Jamel Jebali
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease accompanied by induced oxidative stress (OS) conditions. A reduction in antioxidant activity characterizes the OS conditions. Antioxidants protect cell components from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidation of the lipid components by ROS has the potential to generate malondialdehyde (MDA). The assessment of MDA (which is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) may serve as a sign of oxidative damage. This can shed light on the impact of ROS on lipids. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between MDA oxidative stress biomarkers and lipids in individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The study comprises two case groups of 30 diabetic patients, 30 obese patients, and 30 healthy patients as the control group. The levels of MDA in the plasma specimens are measured. The serum glucose, serum lipid, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are evaluated for these groups. The results among patients with and without T2DM are analyzed with regard to age and BMI. The concentration of the MDA is [17.08 ± 1.989 (nmol/ml)] for diabetic patients, [16.08 ± 2.049 (nmol/ml)] for obese patients, and [12.12 ± 1.508 (nmol/ml)] for control patients. A statistically significant difference of p <0.0001 is observed in the elevated levels of MDA among T2DM patients. As compared to healthy control participants, there is no significant difference between T2DM and obese patients. It is concluded that the MDA can be utilized for observing the oxidative stress related to T2DM. The data indicate that utilising MDA could help predict the oxidative environment.
{"title":"Relation of MDA as Oxidative Stress Marker with Lipid Profile in a Diabetic Patient","authors":"Reem M. Azeez, Wisam K. AL-Hashemi, Tawfeeq F. R. Al-Auqbi, Jamel Jebali","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease accompanied by induced oxidative stress (OS) conditions. A reduction in antioxidant activity characterizes the OS conditions. Antioxidants protect cell components from the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The oxidation of the lipid components by ROS has the potential to generate malondialdehyde (MDA). The assessment of MDA (which is a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) may serve as a sign of oxidative damage. This can shed light on the impact of ROS on lipids. This study aims to elucidate the correlation between MDA oxidative stress biomarkers and lipids in individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The study comprises two case groups of 30 diabetic patients, 30 obese patients, and 30 healthy patients as the control group. The levels of MDA in the plasma specimens are measured. The serum glucose, serum lipid, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) are evaluated for these groups. The results among patients with and without T2DM are analyzed with regard to age and BMI. The concentration of the MDA is [17.08 ± 1.989 (nmol/ml)] for diabetic patients, [16.08 ± 2.049 (nmol/ml)] for obese patients, and [12.12 ± 1.508 (nmol/ml)] for control patients. A statistically significant difference of p <0.0001 is observed in the elevated levels of MDA among T2DM patients. As compared to healthy control participants, there is no significant difference between T2DM and obese patients. It is concluded that the MDA can be utilized for observing the oxidative stress related to T2DM. The data indicate that utilising MDA could help predict the oxidative environment.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"927 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this paper is to introduce interval two-point fuzzy boundary value problems, in which the fuzziness course when the coefficients of the governing ordinary differential equation and/or the boundary conditions include fuzzy numbers of either triangular or trapezoidal types. Such equations will be solved by introducing the concept of α – level sets, α [0,1] to treat the fuzzy ordinary differential equation into two nonfuzzy ordinary differential equations, which correspond to the lower and upper solutions of the interval fuzzy solutions. The well-known variational iteration method has been used to solve two-point fuzzy boundary value problems and linear equations have been examined.
{"title":"Variational Iteration Approach for Solving Two-Points Fuzzy Boundary Value Problems","authors":"Hussein R. Hasan, Fadhel S. Fadhel","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this paper is to introduce interval two-point fuzzy boundary value problems, in which the fuzziness course when the coefficients of the governing ordinary differential equation and/or the boundary conditions include fuzzy numbers of either triangular or trapezoidal types. Such equations will be solved by introducing the concept of α – level sets, α [0,1] to treat the fuzzy ordinary differential equation into two nonfuzzy ordinary differential equations, which correspond to the lower and upper solutions of the interval fuzzy solutions. The well-known variational iteration method has been used to solve two-point fuzzy boundary value problems and linear equations have been examined.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Some of organic ammonium salts, namely: 2-((4-carboxyphenyl) carbamoyl) benzoate tetraethylammonium, B1, 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-ylamino)-2-butenoate tetraethylammonium, B2, 2-((4-carbamoylphenyl) carbamoyl) benzoate tetraethylammonium, B3, 4-((4-carbamoylphenyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate tetraethylammonium, B4, are successfully synthesized as ionic liquids. By spectral techniques of FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR the structures of organic salts are confirmed. The thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has shown the thermal stability of the organic ammonium salts (B1-B4). A high conductivity characteristic as compared with that of NaCl has been detected in the aqueous solution.
{"title":"Synthesis of Some Carboxylate Tetraethylammonium Salts as Ionic Liquids","authors":"Muna Raad Mahmood, Mehdi Salih Shihab","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.01","url":null,"abstract":"Some of organic ammonium salts, namely: 2-((4-carboxyphenyl) carbamoyl) benzoate tetraethylammonium, B1, 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-ylamino)-2-butenoate tetraethylammonium, B2, 2-((4-carbamoylphenyl) carbamoyl) benzoate tetraethylammonium, B3, 4-((4-carbamoylphenyl)amino)-4-oxobutanoate tetraethylammonium, B4, are successfully synthesized as ionic liquids. By spectral techniques of FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR the structures of organic salts are confirmed. The thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has shown the thermal stability of the organic ammonium salts (B1-B4). A high conductivity characteristic as compared with that of NaCl has been detected in the aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media and the World Wide Web have led to a worrying rise in spreading false information, which presents a significant worldwide issue. Identifying and preventing false information is crucial in promoting an informed and knowledgeable society. The identification of false information, specifically in the Arabic dialect, presents inherent difficulties due to its diverse characteristics and linguistic intricacies. This study implements AutoKeras, a deep learning-based machine learning framework. Using advanced optimization techniques, the neural network architecture search, hyperparameter adjustments, and model selection can all be automated in AutoKeras. Therefore, it is suitable for our fake news detection task. The methodology employs proficient deep learning algorithms and natural language processing methods to acquire distinct characteristics that enable accurate differentiation between genuine and fake news. The present study uses various sources, including news websites, social media platforms, and blogs, to construct the dataset. The AutoKeras-based approach is superior to multiple state-of-the-art approaches to detecting fabricated news in Arabic, as evidenced by the experimental results. The suggested method outperforms 93.2% accuracy in identifying fake news, demonstrating its superior efficacy. This demonstrates the great promise of the deep learning-based Auto model for detecting false information.
{"title":"AutoKeras for Fake News Identification in Arabic: Leveraging Deep Learning with an Extensive Dataset","authors":"Raed S. Matti, Suhad A. Yousif","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"Social media and the World Wide Web have led to a worrying rise in spreading false information, which presents a significant worldwide issue. Identifying and preventing false information is crucial in promoting an informed and knowledgeable society. The identification of false information, specifically in the Arabic dialect, presents inherent difficulties due to its diverse characteristics and linguistic intricacies. This study implements AutoKeras, a deep learning-based machine learning framework. Using advanced optimization techniques, the neural network architecture search, hyperparameter adjustments, and model selection can all be automated in AutoKeras. Therefore, it is suitable for our fake news detection task. The methodology employs proficient deep learning algorithms and natural language processing methods to acquire distinct characteristics that enable accurate differentiation between genuine and fake news. The present study uses various sources, including news websites, social media platforms, and blogs, to construct the dataset. The AutoKeras-based approach is superior to multiple state-of-the-art approaches to detecting fabricated news in Arabic, as evidenced by the experimental results. The suggested method outperforms 93.2% accuracy in identifying fake news, demonstrating its superior efficacy. This demonstrates the great promise of the deep learning-based Auto model for detecting false information.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The plant Gossypium Hirsutum genotypes were grown in Qwshtapa district, Grdmala village, which is 30 kilometres from the centre of Erbil, Iraq. The cotton genotypes grown there included Coker 310, Lachata (Iraqi genotypes), Cafko, Dunn 1047, Montana, Stone Ville (USA genotypes), Bakhtegon, Khdorda, and Vanamin (Iranian genotypes). The anatomical investigation demonstrates distinct petioles, midribs, laminas, and margin outline shapes among the genotypes. They contain secretory tissues, cluster crystals, and tannins. While some genotypes lack the trichomes, others have; these genotypes are multicellular glandular and unicellular branching or unbranched nonglandula.
{"title":"Anatomical Study of Petiole and Leaf Parts of Gossipum Hirsutum L.in Erbil / Iraq","authors":"Chnar N. Fathulla, Bahar J. Mahmood","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"The plant Gossypium Hirsutum genotypes were grown in Qwshtapa district, Grdmala village, which is 30 kilometres from the centre of Erbil, Iraq. The cotton genotypes grown there included Coker 310, Lachata (Iraqi genotypes), Cafko, Dunn 1047, Montana, Stone Ville (USA genotypes), Bakhtegon, Khdorda, and Vanamin (Iranian genotypes). The anatomical investigation demonstrates distinct petioles, midribs, laminas, and margin outline shapes among the genotypes. They contain secretory tissues, cluster crystals, and tannins. While some genotypes lack the trichomes, others have; these genotypes are multicellular glandular and unicellular branching or unbranched nonglandula.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135388360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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