In this article, a hybrid method that combines Aboodh transform, variational iteration method, and the homotopyperturbation method is presented for approximate the solution of important partial differential equations that describe wave like differential equations in one, two and three dimensions. The suggested method utilizes only the initial conditions to providean analytical solution, in contrast to the method of separation of variables, that also requires boundary conditions. This method makes use of the Aboodh's transform advantageous on the Lagrange multiplier computation, hence there is no need to use the convolution theorem or any integration in a recurrence relation for the process of finding it. The obtained exact solutions are found as a convergent series with components that are simple to compute. In addition, the method needsno any assumptions that change the problem's physical nature, such as those that involve discretization, linearization, or minor factors compared to certain other techniques. Some examples are given to show how efficient and useful the method is.
{"title":"Mixed Transform Iterative Method for Solving Wave Like Equations","authors":"Ruaa S.Ismael, Ali H. Al-Fayadh","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a hybrid method that combines Aboodh transform, variational iteration method, and the homotopyperturbation method is presented for approximate the solution of important partial differential equations that describe wave like differential equations in one, two and three dimensions. The suggested method utilizes only the initial conditions to providean analytical solution, in contrast to the method of separation of variables, that also requires boundary conditions. This method makes use of the Aboodh's transform advantageous on the Lagrange multiplier computation, hence there is no need to use the convolution theorem or any integration in a recurrence relation for the process of finding it. The obtained exact solutions are found as a convergent series with components that are simple to compute. In addition, the method needsno any assumptions that change the problem's physical nature, such as those that involve discretization, linearization, or minor factors compared to certain other techniques. Some examples are given to show how efficient and useful the method is.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74624894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osama M. Atyia, Fadhel S. Fadhel, Mizal H. Alobaidi
Ordinary differential equations that includes stochastic processes in their vector fields are called random ordinary differential equations, that are considered through this work as a Weiner process or also called Brownian motion. In this paper, fuzzy random ordinary differential equations are considered, in which the fuzziness appears in the initial conditions in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers. Such equations are crucial in the theory of random dynamical systems and/or modern control theory and therefore the existence of a unique solution of such equations is of great importance. The statement and the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem of fuzzy random ordinary differential equations is the main objective of this paper, which is proved using Banach contraction mapping theorem
{"title":"About the Existence and Uniqueness Theorem of Fuzzy Random Ordinary Differential Equations","authors":"Osama M. Atyia, Fadhel S. Fadhel, Mizal H. Alobaidi","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Ordinary differential equations that includes stochastic processes in their vector fields are called random ordinary differential equations, that are considered through this work as a Weiner process or also called Brownian motion. In this paper, fuzzy random ordinary differential equations are considered, in which the fuzziness appears in the initial conditions in terms of triangular fuzzy numbers. Such equations are crucial in the theory of random dynamical systems and/or modern control theory and therefore the existence of a unique solution of such equations is of great importance. The statement and the proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem of fuzzy random ordinary differential equations is the main objective of this paper, which is proved using Banach contraction mapping theorem","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74909135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haider K.Hussein, Ban A.Abdel Jabbar, Seenaa S. Amin, Asmaa A. Jawad, Ruqaya K. Abbas, Shaymaa A. Jawad
A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. The antibiotic can class according to structure or action or basic. Every drug have side effects on body if use If taken incorrectly.
{"title":"Study of Drugs: Antibiotic and Study Mechanism and Adverse Effects","authors":"Haider K.Hussein, Ban A.Abdel Jabbar, Seenaa S. Amin, Asmaa A. Jawad, Ruqaya K. Abbas, Shaymaa A. Jawad","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing the bacteria or by making it hard for the bacteria to grow and multiply. The antibiotic can class according to structure or action or basic. Every drug have side effects on body if use If taken incorrectly.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmaa A. Jawad, Nasreen R. Jber, Baneen S. Rasool, Abbas K. Abbas
The review generalizes and systematizes in this review the results of research on the synthesis and properties of tetrazole derivatives and the properties of tetrazole compounds, and synthetic routes. In medical chemistry, the tetrazole compounds play a big role in medicinal applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and effects on the central nervous system.
{"title":"Tetrazole Derivatives and Role of Tetrazole in Medicinal Chemistry:An Article Review","authors":"Asmaa A. Jawad, Nasreen R. Jber, Baneen S. Rasool, Abbas K. Abbas","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The review generalizes and systematizes in this review the results of research on the synthesis and properties of tetrazole derivatives and the properties of tetrazole compounds, and synthetic routes. In medical chemistry, the tetrazole compounds play a big role in medicinal applications such as antibacterial, anticancer, and effects on the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"378 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80607934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a deadly acute respiratory illness brought on by an infection with coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2).The severity of the syndrome was variant among the individuals ranging between severe and mild. Interferons type 1 are one of the cytokines inactive the viral replication. Genetic variation inrs2850015 for IFNA1 and rs202055606 for IFNAR1 were investigated by high-resolution melting analysis. Results showed that TT genotype and T allele of rs20205560 6polymorphism represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while C allele act as protective factor. The rs2850015 polymor phismrevealed conversionT to G,the GG genotype and G allele represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while the T allele represent protective factorfrom severity. It wasbe concluded that the GG geno type and G allele for rs2850015 and TT genotype and T allelemay be associated with severity of Covid-19
{"title":"Genetic Polymorphism of IFNA1 and IFNAR1 Genes in Covid-19 Iraqi Patients","authors":"Asmaa A. Almukhtar, Amal M.Ali, Noah A.Mahmood","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a deadly acute respiratory illness brought on by an infection with coronavirus 2. (SARS-CoV-2).The severity of the syndrome was variant among the individuals ranging between severe and mild. Interferons type 1 are one of the cytokines inactive the viral replication. Genetic variation inrs2850015 for IFNA1 and rs202055606 for IFNAR1 were investigated by high-resolution melting analysis. Results showed that TT genotype and T allele of rs20205560 6polymorphism represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while C allele act as protective factor. The rs2850015 polymor phismrevealed conversionT to G,the GG genotype and G allele represented a significant positive odds ratio as risk factor for severity while the T allele represent protective factorfrom severity. It wasbe concluded that the GG geno type and G allele for rs2850015 and TT genotype and T allelemay be associated with severity of Covid-19","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80955880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximate solution of fuzzy initial value problem composed of interval fuzzy ordinary differential equation subject to initial conditions given as fuzzy intervals is the main objective of this work. The considered fuzzy initial value problem was given with Hukuhara definition of the difference and derivatives for interval-valued functions, in which two cases are considered depending on the comparison between the lower and upper functions of the solution derivative. The followed definition for presenting the fuzzy interval is generalized using trapezoidal fuzzy number, while the followed approximated method used in this work is the variational iteration method and its modification to increase the accuracy and the rate of convergence to the exact solution.
{"title":"Approximate Solution of Linear Interval Fuzzy Ordinary Differential Equations","authors":"Sohaib M. Rasheed, Fadhel S. Fadhel","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Approximate solution of fuzzy initial value problem composed of interval fuzzy ordinary differential equation subject to initial conditions given as fuzzy intervals is the main objective of this work. The considered fuzzy initial value problem was given with Hukuhara definition of the difference and derivatives for interval-valued functions, in which two cases are considered depending on the comparison between the lower and upper functions of the solution derivative. The followed definition for presenting the fuzzy interval is generalized using trapezoidal fuzzy number, while the followed approximated method used in this work is the variational iteration method and its modification to increase the accuracy and the rate of convergence to the exact solution.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75683455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ternary ceramic compound (BNT-BKT-BT), like 0.855(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) 0.115(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)-0.03(BaTiO3) was prepared by solid-state reaction. Three different calcination processes as a function of temperature and time had been used as the candidate for the structural phase. The crystal structure analysis confirmed a rhombohedral and tetragonal phase regarding diffracted peaks within the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The dielectric behavior at different frequencies (1, 10, 100 kHz, and 3 MHz) and temperatures showed a maximum curie temperature at (295 C) through a frequency (100 kHz). The XRD analyses showed the peak splitting observed around (2=40, and 46) related to the overlapping between many peaks mentioned by different phases. The appearance of the relaxer ferroelectric behavior emphasizes the agreement of the XRD analysis and dielectric measurement
{"title":"The Specification of Dielectric Ternary Compound BNT-BKT-BT","authors":"Israa M. Jamal, Emad K. Al-Shakarchi","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The ternary ceramic compound (BNT-BKT-BT), like 0.855(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3) 0.115(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)-0.03(BaTiO3) was prepared by solid-state reaction. Three different calcination processes as a function of temperature and time had been used as the candidate for the structural phase. The crystal structure analysis confirmed a rhombohedral and tetragonal phase regarding diffracted peaks within the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The dielectric behavior at different frequencies (1, 10, 100 kHz, and 3 MHz) and temperatures showed a maximum curie temperature at (295 C) through a frequency (100 kHz). The XRD analyses showed the peak splitting observed around (2=40, and 46) related to the overlapping between many peaks mentioned by different phases. The appearance of the relaxer ferroelectric behavior emphasizes the agreement of the XRD analysis and dielectric measurement","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75513319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, two new mesomorphic bent-rod shape compounds containing bis-oxadiazole rings are described. The relationship between the compound structure and the mesomorphic behavior as 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] and 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] were established using different terminal groups (i.e.,NO2, Cl). The mesomorphism was categorized using POM and DSC, while the compounds structure were characterized using FT-IR and 1HNMR.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Rod-Bent Shape Compounds Containing Bis-Oxadiazole","authors":"Aqeel M. Rasol, Nasreen R. Jber","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two new mesomorphic bent-rod shape compounds containing bis-oxadiazole rings are described. The relationship between the compound structure and the mesomorphic behavior as 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis[5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] and 3,3'-benzene-1,4-diylbis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole] were established using different terminal groups (i.e.,NO2, Cl). The mesomorphism was categorized using POM and DSC, while the compounds structure were characterized using FT-IR and 1HNMR.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91547378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services, PIFA antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna structure is consisting of substrate, ground plane, shorting plate and feeding post connected to the ground plane. This antenna has been design based on a FR-4has relative permittivity of 4.3 it has a volume of (120601.5) mm3. The experimental results of the Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that have been measured at the range from (3-4 ) GHz of frequency experimentally using the Site Master (Anritsu S362E), it has been demonstrated that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are −41.15dB, 510 MHz, 1.04and 48.414Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5GHz. The theoretical and practical values are so close to each other which justifies the antenna's excellent fit
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) for Wireless Applications","authors":"Iman N. Taban, Ali H. Khidhir, Ahmed A. Naser","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"For 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services, PIFA antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna structure is consisting of substrate, ground plane, shorting plate and feeding post connected to the ground plane. This antenna has been design based on a FR-4has relative permittivity of 4.3 it has a volume of (120601.5) mm3. The experimental results of the Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) that have been measured at the range from (3-4 ) GHz of frequency experimentally using the Site Master (Anritsu S362E), it has been demonstrated that the return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and impedance are −41.15dB, 510 MHz, 1.04and 48.414Ω respectively at resonant frequency 3.5GHz. The theoretical and practical values are so close to each other which justifies the antenna's excellent fit","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74058658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tariq Z.Al-Killabi, Hassan J. Al-Hwaeer, Ali A.Al-Butahi
In this paper,a method of enriched category theory to form a closed symmetricmonoidal structure on the category of generalized modules CR= (modR,Ab) have been implemented. Further, a new kind of generalized module category defined on two commutativerings R and S, denoted by CRS = (modR,modS) is constructed.Finally, the authors studied a localization on this type of categories, both of them are Grothendieck
{"title":"Category of Generalized Modules Over Two Different Rings","authors":"Tariq Z.Al-Killabi, Hassan J. Al-Hwaeer, Ali A.Al-Butahi","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper,a method of enriched category theory to form a closed symmetricmonoidal structure on the category of generalized modules CR= (modR,Ab) have been implemented. Further, a new kind of generalized module category defined on two commutativerings R and S, denoted by CRS = (modR,modS) is constructed.Finally, the authors studied a localization on this type of categories, both of them are Grothendieck","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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