Saheb K. A-Saidy, Naseif J. Al-Jawari, Raad F. Hassan
The purpose of this paper is to find the best one –sided multiplier approximation of unbounded functions in 퐿푝,휓푛–space by trigonometric polynomials. Also, we will estimate the degree of the best one –sided multiplier approximation in term of averaged modulus.
{"title":"Best One-Sided Multiplier Approximation of Unbounded Functions by Trigonometric Polynomials","authors":"Saheb K. A-Saidy, Naseif J. Al-Jawari, Raad F. Hassan","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to find the best one –sided multiplier approximation of unbounded functions in 퐿푝,휓푛–space by trigonometric polynomials. Also, we will estimate the degree of the best one –sided multiplier approximation in term of averaged modulus.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88972524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herein successfully synthesized new organotin(IV) complexBu2SnOL by reacting sulfamethoxazole drug as a ligand with dibutyltin (IV) oxide. The synthesized complex was fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, 119tin nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy was also applied to study the surface morphology of synthesized complex. The above techniques have demonstrated that the complex was prepared with high percentage of purity. This type of compound has various applications in medicine and industry. For example, using it as photo–stabilizer of different plastic polymers (polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol).
{"title":"Synthesize and Characterize Dibutyltin(IV) Oxide Complex by Utilizing New Ligand","authors":"Emad Alhaydary, E. Yousif","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.4.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.4.01","url":null,"abstract":"Herein successfully synthesized new organotin(IV) complexBu2SnOL by reacting sulfamethoxazole drug as a ligand with dibutyltin (IV) oxide. The synthesized complex was fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, 119tin nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopies. Field emission scanning electronic microscopy was also applied to study the surface morphology of synthesized complex. The above techniques have demonstrated that the complex was prepared with high percentage of purity. This type of compound has various applications in medicine and industry. For example, using it as photo–stabilizer of different plastic polymers (polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol).","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"175 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91468594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aquatic insects samples were collected from 6 sites along the Greater Zab River in the northern Iraq from Duhok and Erbil governorates over 12 months during September 2016 to August2017, which belong to seven orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonatan, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Megaloptera). Clustering mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase and 16S rDNA genes, morphological keys, and matches in the Barcode of Life Database, we identified 24 species return to 7 orders and 12 families, as indicated in the results. The reported species were: Ephemeroptera 5 members of the family Heptageniidae (Maccaffertium meririvulanum, Raptoheptagenia cruentata, Ecdyonurus dispar, Anepeorus rusticus, Stenonema femoratum), 1 Ephemerellidae (Seratella ignita), 1 Arthropleidae (Arthroplea bipunctata), 6 Baetidae (Baetis alpinus, Baetis braaschi, Baetis noa, Baetis harrisoni, Iswaeon anoka, Heterocloeon amplum), 1 member for each of Diptera, Coleoptera, Megaloptera and Odonatan orders, while Plecoptera 2 members Leuctridae (Leuctra hippopoides, Leuctra inermis) and Tricoptera 4 members 3 Hydropsychidae (Leptonema albovirens, Hydropsyche simulans, Arctopsyche irrorate), 1 Hydroptilidae (Ochrotrichia tenuata). Most of these recorded species and genera were mentioned for the first time and represent new records in Iraq. Presence and distribution of identified species varied between studied sites, as a result of differences in biogeographical and physical conditions.
{"title":"Description of Some Aquatic Insect Genera in Greater Zab River Branches, North of Iraq","authors":"Shelan Mustafa Khudhur, Yahya Ahmed Shekha","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic insects samples were collected from 6 sites along the Greater Zab River in the northern Iraq from Duhok and Erbil governorates over 12 months during September 2016 to August2017, which belong to seven orders (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonatan, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Megaloptera). Clustering mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase and 16S rDNA genes, morphological keys, and matches in the Barcode of Life Database, we identified 24 species return to 7 orders and 12 families, as indicated in the results. The reported species were: Ephemeroptera 5 members of the family Heptageniidae (Maccaffertium meririvulanum, Raptoheptagenia cruentata, Ecdyonurus dispar, Anepeorus rusticus, Stenonema femoratum), 1 Ephemerellidae (Seratella ignita), 1 Arthropleidae (Arthroplea bipunctata), 6 Baetidae (Baetis alpinus, Baetis braaschi, Baetis noa, Baetis harrisoni, Iswaeon anoka, Heterocloeon amplum), 1 member for each of Diptera, Coleoptera, Megaloptera and Odonatan orders, while Plecoptera 2 members Leuctridae (Leuctra hippopoides, Leuctra inermis) and Tricoptera 4 members 3 Hydropsychidae (Leptonema albovirens, Hydropsyche simulans, Arctopsyche irrorate), 1 Hydroptilidae (Ochrotrichia tenuata). Most of these recorded species and genera were mentioned for the first time and represent new records in Iraq. Presence and distribution of identified species varied between studied sites, as a result of differences in biogeographical and physical conditions.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81091146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Folk medicine or herbal treatment has been used for centuries by different ancient civilizations against various ailment agents, herbal medicine has been dragged attention by researchers in different medical branches focusing on therapeutically characteristic features of each plant against different pathogenic agents responsible for most devastating and terrifying diseases, in addition to thorough investigation for the phytochemical compounds in each plant responsible for its potent against pathogens. Thus, this study highlights on two major groups of secondary metabolic compounds: terpens, phenols and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against different bacterial and fungal strains especially drug resistant bacteria which responsible for the infectivity of treatments of most infectious diseases. Furthermore, mechanisms of actions of these secondary metabolites are reviewed as the causative factors responsible for the antimicrobial activity of plants and the promising results which have been achieved in multiply these activities by making combination between these natural products and chemical drugs.
{"title":"Survey of Antagonistic Action and the Mechanism of these Actions that Terpens, Phenols and their Derivatives Possess Against Different Pathogenic Agents","authors":"Ali Muayyed Najem","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"Folk medicine or herbal treatment has been used for centuries by different ancient civilizations against various ailment agents, herbal medicine has been dragged attention by researchers in different medical branches focusing on therapeutically characteristic features of each plant against different pathogenic agents responsible for most devastating and terrifying diseases, in addition to thorough investigation for the phytochemical compounds in each plant responsible for its potent against pathogens. Thus, this study highlights on two major groups of secondary metabolic compounds: terpens, phenols and their derivatives as antimicrobial agents against different bacterial and fungal strains especially drug resistant bacteria which responsible for the infectivity of treatments of most infectious diseases. Furthermore, mechanisms of actions of these secondary metabolites are reviewed as the causative factors responsible for the antimicrobial activity of plants and the promising results which have been achieved in multiply these activities by making combination between these natural products and chemical drugs.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85804672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organotin materials have several applications in industry and medicine since it uses to prepare medications. Moreover, it is used as photo-stabilizers for different plastic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyvinyl alcohol. Herein, it is going to focus on one application which is utilizing organotin complexes as photo-stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride. Since organotin(IV) can easily obtained by oxidizing organotin(II) that is more stable. Organotin(IV) can be designed in different forms depending on the number of organic and anion groups connected to the tin such as mono-organotin, di-, tri-and tetra-compounds. There are several applications of organotin materials in both industrial and medicine areas and in this paper, we are going to study some of a significant photo-stabilizers and their applications and we are going to highlight the using of organotin materials as photo-stabilizers of plastic polymers especially the PVC polymeric films
{"title":"Effecient Photo-Stabilizers: By Using Medications As Ligands Connected to Oragontin(IV) Complexes","authors":"Emad Alhaydary, E. Yousif","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Organotin materials have several applications in industry and medicine since it uses to prepare medications. Moreover, it is used as photo-stabilizers for different plastic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyvinyl alcohol. Herein, it is going to focus on one application which is utilizing organotin complexes as photo-stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride. Since organotin(IV) can easily obtained by oxidizing organotin(II) that is more stable. Organotin(IV) can be designed in different forms depending on the number of organic and anion groups connected to the tin such as mono-organotin, di-, tri-and tetra-compounds. There are several applications of organotin materials in both industrial and medicine areas and in this paper, we are going to study some of a significant photo-stabilizers and their applications and we are going to highlight the using of organotin materials as photo-stabilizers of plastic polymers especially the PVC polymeric films","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77872635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is the first that deals with the new synthesis of nematic liquid crystal titled bis-[5-yl-phenylbenzidine-4`-butyloxyphenly-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole] and secondly discusses research on materials that can be used in stationary phase by using (GLC) as a type of chromatography. The usage of bis-[5-yl-phenylbenzidine-4`-butyloxyphenly-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole]nematic phase has resulted in a lot of superb separations of a lot of poly aromatic hydrocarbons. The retention time change in an unusual way with temperature, appearance a significant increase at the normal liquid transmission point; as expected, that impact is reduced with further planar compounds. FT-IR and 1HNMR were used to characterize the synthesized chemical structure, and POM and DSC were used to investigate the liquid crystalline characteristics.
{"title":"Nematic Mesogen with 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Unit as Stationary Phase in Gas-Liquid Chromatography","authors":"Zainab M. Jasim, N. Jber","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first that deals with the new synthesis of nematic liquid crystal titled bis-[5-yl-phenylbenzidine-4`-butyloxyphenly-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole] and secondly discusses research on materials that can be used in stationary phase by using (GLC) as a type of chromatography. The usage of bis-[5-yl-phenylbenzidine-4`-butyloxyphenly-2-yl-1,3,4-oxadiazole]nematic phase has resulted in a lot of superb separations of a lot of poly aromatic hydrocarbons. The retention time change in an unusual way with temperature, appearance a significant increase at the normal liquid transmission point; as expected, that impact is reduced with further planar compounds. FT-IR and 1HNMR were used to characterize the synthesized chemical structure, and POM and DSC were used to investigate the liquid crystalline characteristics.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iqra Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Kakar, A. Kakar, N. Kakar, Saeeda Khanam, Rehana Kamal, A. Muhammad
Astragalus Stocksii a local flowering plant found in Hana Valley, Quetta Pakistan, used as home medicinal plant form many years. It is an encouraging source of bioactive compounds and has been conventionally manipulated for the coverage of several diseases. The present study based on the evaluation of phenolics, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities of Astragalus Stocksii by using three different solvents, i.e. ;acetone, ethanol and methanol. The results showed that extraction yield depends upon the type of the solvents used for extraction. Among these, extraction in methanol has the highest phenolic contents (10.086±0.08mgCE/g DW),total antioxidant capacity (TAC, IC50=14.50±0.01 μg/mL,phospho-molibdenummethod,IC50=66.62± 0.03 μg/mL by DPPH method)and high anti-inflammatory activity (IC50=75.0 ±2.5 μg/mL, oxidative burst assay). These results indicate that methanol is the best solvent for extraction of phenolic and antioxidants in Astragalus Stocksii. The high results of anti-inflammatory for Astragalus Stocksii suggests its use inpharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Total Phenolics and Antioxidants in ASTRAGLUS STOCKSII by using Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone and to Evaluate its Anti -Inflammatory Activity","authors":"Iqra Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Kakar, A. Kakar, N. Kakar, Saeeda Khanam, Rehana Kamal, A. Muhammad","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Astragalus Stocksii a local flowering plant found in Hana Valley, Quetta Pakistan, used as home medicinal plant form many years. It is an encouraging source of bioactive compounds and has been conventionally manipulated for the coverage of several diseases. The present study based on the evaluation of phenolics, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities of Astragalus Stocksii by using three different solvents, i.e. ;acetone, ethanol and methanol. The results showed that extraction yield depends upon the type of the solvents used for extraction. Among these, extraction in methanol has the highest phenolic contents (10.086±0.08mgCE/g DW),total antioxidant capacity (TAC, IC50=14.50±0.01 μg/mL,phospho-molibdenummethod,IC50=66.62± 0.03 μg/mL by DPPH method)and high anti-inflammatory activity (IC50=75.0 ±2.5 μg/mL, oxidative burst assay). These results indicate that methanol is the best solvent for extraction of phenolic and antioxidants in Astragalus Stocksii. The high results of anti-inflammatory for Astragalus Stocksii suggests its use inpharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89918150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study attempted to assess the water quality around paper mill effluents discharge areas. Several physicochemical parameters and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index (WQI) were considered to determine the pollution level of surface and groundwater in the selected paper mills areas located in Saidpur, Gobindaganj, and Dupchanchia Upazilas of Bangladesh. Physicochemical characterization of the surface water around the paper mills areas showed that the concentration of EC, TSS, BOD5, COD, phenols, NO3−-N, and K+were exceeded the surface water standard, whereas the DO level ranged from 1.63 to 3.5 were found below the Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997 standard. Besides, the BOD, COD, and Mn ion concentrations of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standard. In most sampling sites, the WQI of the surface water showed ‘marginal’ category, and the groundwater quality showed 'fair' category. The study observed that the toxic effluents discharged from the paper mills caused harm to the aquatic ecosystem.
{"title":"Water Quality Assessment of Paper Mills Effluent Discharge Areas","authors":"Md. Shakilur Zaman Shakil, M. Mostafa","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The study attempted to assess the water quality around paper mill effluents discharge areas. Several physicochemical parameters and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) Water Quality Index (WQI) were considered to determine the pollution level of surface and groundwater in the selected paper mills areas located in Saidpur, Gobindaganj, and Dupchanchia Upazilas of Bangladesh. Physicochemical characterization of the surface water around the paper mills areas showed that the concentration of EC, TSS, BOD5, COD, phenols, NO3−-N, and K+were exceeded the surface water standard, whereas the DO level ranged from 1.63 to 3.5 were found below the Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR), 1997 standard. Besides, the BOD, COD, and Mn ion concentrations of groundwater exceeded the drinking water standard. In most sampling sites, the WQI of the surface water showed ‘marginal’ category, and the groundwater quality showed 'fair' category. The study observed that the toxic effluents discharged from the paper mills caused harm to the aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89155767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monthly samples of algae collected in eighteen sites of springs and streams through September-2019 till August-2020during morning till afternoon in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eleven various kinds of algae were identified for first time in Iraqi inland water, distributed to three genera of blue-green algae, which include Marssoniella elegans, Pseudoanabaena catenata,Cyanotheca aeroginosa,also in Pyrrophyta identified four new species genera include Gymnodium inversum, Woloszynskia tenuissima, Peridinium goslaviense, Hemidinium naustumandXanthopyta recorded three species were Ophiocytium arbuscula, Ophiocytium parvulum, Tetraedriella polychloriswhile Cryptophyta only have one species was Cryptomonas reflex. According to physicals and chemicals characteristics, water temperature varied from 14.942oC to 18.475oC, pH lies on alkaline side of neutrality, electrical conductivity ranged between (627.472-2092.306s/cm) and high concentration of salinity recorded in Azarian spring, higher value of calcium and magnesium recorded in Azarian and Benwan springs were 294.84 mg/L and 106.578 mg/L respectively. Lower value of nitrate and phosphate reported in Sard and Piawan springs, while lower value of sulfate observed in Prenga spring.
{"title":"New Records of Algae in Shaqlawa District, Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq","authors":"Janan J.Toma, Farhad H.Aziz","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"Monthly samples of algae collected in eighteen sites of springs and streams through September-2019 till August-2020during morning till afternoon in Shaqlawa district within Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Eleven various kinds of algae were identified for first time in Iraqi inland water, distributed to three genera of blue-green algae, which include Marssoniella elegans, Pseudoanabaena catenata,Cyanotheca aeroginosa,also in Pyrrophyta identified four new species genera include Gymnodium inversum, Woloszynskia tenuissima, Peridinium goslaviense, Hemidinium naustumandXanthopyta recorded three species were Ophiocytium arbuscula, Ophiocytium parvulum, Tetraedriella polychloriswhile Cryptophyta only have one species was Cryptomonas reflex. According to physicals and chemicals characteristics, water temperature varied from 14.942oC to 18.475oC, pH lies on alkaline side of neutrality, electrical conductivity ranged between (627.472-2092.306s/cm) and high concentration of salinity recorded in Azarian spring, higher value of calcium and magnesium recorded in Azarian and Benwan springs were 294.84 mg/L and 106.578 mg/L respectively. Lower value of nitrate and phosphate reported in Sard and Piawan springs, while lower value of sulfate observed in Prenga spring.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86276420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Gamma-ray spectrometry (spectra line Gp) and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector were used to determine the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fertilizer samples. 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in fertilizers and phosphate raw. In this study the gamma index(I), Radium equivalent dose(Raeq),dose rate(DR),external hazard index(Hex) internal hazard index(Hin), annual effective dose outdoor(AEDout) and annual effective dose indoor(AEDin)were found. This study could serve as a starting point for figuring out how fertilizer radiation affects human health.
{"title":"Measurement of Natural Radioactivity Level in Selected Phosphate Fertilizer Samples Collected from Iraqi Markets","authors":"Yassamin S.Khalf, Kareem K. Mohammad","doi":"10.22401/anjs.24.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.24.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"The Gamma-ray spectrometry (spectra line Gp) and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector were used to determine the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fertilizer samples. 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in fertilizers and phosphate raw. In this study the gamma index(I), Radium equivalent dose(Raeq),dose rate(DR),external hazard index(Hex) internal hazard index(Hin), annual effective dose outdoor(AEDout) and annual effective dose indoor(AEDin)were found. This study could serve as a starting point for figuring out how fertilizer radiation affects human health.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80334835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：