Halah K Ibrahim Al-Sammaraie, Reem Husam Al-Tabra, Asia Abdul Lateef Mahdi, Mayyahi Mohammed T. Jaber, May R. Jaafar, Mohammed Mahdi Al-Zubaidi, Asmaa A. jawad
Human hair is a valuable tool in criminology, aiding in population studies through statistics and DNA analysis. It's easily identifiable at crime scenes, often clinging to clothing, carpets, and various surfaces, including animal fur, through a process known as secondary transfer. Forensic analysis of hair evidence serves several purposes; it can help establish the possibility of a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or between a suspect and a victim. It can demonstrate that there is no evidence linking the perpetrator to the crime scene or the suspect to the victim. While microscopic hair analysis cannot definitively identify a specific individual as the source of the hair, it does provide a solid basis for association. The wealth of macroscopic and microscopic details available in hair examination can also provide strong evidence for the defense. To understand the challenges of conducting DNA tests on hair, it's essential to study hair structure and composition. DNA in hair is not evenly distributed throughout every part of the hair; it exists in both nuclear and mitochondrial forms.
人类毛发是犯罪学的重要工具，通过统计和 DNA 分析有助于人口研究。它在犯罪现场很容易辨认，通常会通过一种称为二次转移的过程附着在衣服、地毯和包括动物皮毛在内的各种表面上。对毛发证据进行法医分析有几个目的：它可以帮助确定嫌疑人与犯罪现场或嫌疑人与受害人之间存在联系的可能性。它可以证明没有证据将罪犯与犯罪现场或嫌疑人与受害者联系起来。虽然毛发显微分析不能确定毛发来源的具体个人，但它确实为关联提供了坚实的基础。毛发检查中大量的宏观和微观细节也可以为辩护提供有力的证据。要了解对头发进行 DNA 检测所面临的挑战，就必须研究头发的结构和成分。头发中的 DNA 并非均匀地分布在头发的每一部分；它以核和线粒体两种形式存在。
{"title":"Challenges Facing Us in DNA Analysis from Human Hair Samples: A Review","authors":"Halah K Ibrahim Al-Sammaraie, Reem Husam Al-Tabra, Asia Abdul Lateef Mahdi, Mayyahi Mohammed T. Jaber, May R. Jaafar, Mohammed Mahdi Al-Zubaidi, Asmaa A. jawad","doi":"10.22401/anjs.27.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Human hair is a valuable tool in criminology, aiding in population studies through statistics and DNA analysis. It's easily identifiable at crime scenes, often clinging to clothing, carpets, and various surfaces, including animal fur, through a process known as secondary transfer. Forensic analysis of hair evidence serves several purposes; it can help establish the possibility of a connection between a suspect and a crime scene or between a suspect and a victim. It can demonstrate that there is no evidence linking the perpetrator to the crime scene or the suspect to the victim. While microscopic hair analysis cannot definitively identify a specific individual as the source of the hair, it does provide a solid basis for association. The wealth of macroscopic and microscopic details available in hair examination can also provide strong evidence for the defense. To understand the challenges of conducting DNA tests on hair, it's essential to study hair structure and composition. DNA in hair is not evenly distributed throughout every part of the hair; it exists in both nuclear and mitochondrial forms.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three liquid selective electrodes were synthesized based on particle pair to selective dopamine chloride. The construction electrodes consist of phosphomolybdicacid (dopamine), di-n-butyl phosphate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-octylphenyl phosphonate as plasticizers materials. The construction of preparing probes was examined potentially with successes Nernstain response around 52.50 and 50. 50 mV/decade for electrodes on both DBPH and DOPH were as plasticizers, respectively. The most direct ranges concentrations of dopamine in drug form were found to be around 2.5×10-5-1.0×10-2 for DBPH and 4.30×10-5 -1.0×10-1 M for DOPH. The detection limits were reached to 2.31×10-6 in DBPH and 5. 63×10-6 M in DOPH electrode type. While third electrode relied on di-n-butyl phosphate (DPH), a non-Nernstain equivalent of around 19.10 mV/decade with a range of concentration about 2.2×10-5 -1.0×10-1 with a detection limit equivalent to 6.35×10-6. The pH values in the experimental application were asses to obtain the best determination of dopamine concentration at 10-3M. The optimisation of both electrodes DBPH and DOPH achieved good agreements to lifetime, selectivity, potentiometric techniques and accuracy of measurements. At the same time the standard expansion, various standard expansions and potentiometric titration result in an immediate strategy for the assurance of dopamine in drug form.
{"title":"Construction of Dopamine Hydrochloride Liquid Selective Electrodes","authors":"Rana A. Hammza","doi":"10.22401/anjs.27.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.27.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Three liquid selective electrodes were synthesized based on particle pair to selective dopamine chloride. The construction electrodes consist of phosphomolybdicacid (dopamine), di-n-butyl phosphate, Di-n-butyl phthalate, and di-octylphenyl phosphonate as plasticizers materials. The construction of preparing probes was examined potentially with successes Nernstain response around 52.50 and 50. 50 mV/decade for electrodes on both DBPH and DOPH were as plasticizers, respectively. The most direct ranges concentrations of dopamine in drug form were found to be around 2.5×10-5-1.0×10-2 for DBPH and 4.30×10-5 -1.0×10-1 M for DOPH. The detection limits were reached to 2.31×10-6 in DBPH and 5. 63×10-6 M in DOPH electrode type. While third electrode relied on di-n-butyl phosphate (DPH), a non-Nernstain equivalent of around 19.10 mV/decade with a range of concentration about 2.2×10-5 -1.0×10-1 with a detection limit equivalent to 6.35×10-6. The pH values in the experimental application were asses to obtain the best determination of dopamine concentration at 10-3M. The optimisation of both electrodes DBPH and DOPH achieved good agreements to lifetime, selectivity, potentiometric techniques and accuracy of measurements. At the same time the standard expansion, various standard expansions and potentiometric titration result in an immediate strategy for the assurance of dopamine in drug form.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"29 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, the use of face masks has emerged as a critical subject. Automated facial mask detection can curb the transmission of the COVID-19 virus and SARS-VIRUS within communal areas by identifying individuals who are not utilizing masks. In this work, a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with model ResNet-50, which is initially trained on the Image Net competition data, is utilized. This model is augmented with a 300-linear layer network and fine-tuned on a dataset that comprises 1,000 facial images. During the evaluation of the validation dataset consisting of approximately 800 face images, the model achieved an impressive 99% accuracy. Its primary objective is to discover if an individual is wearing a facial mask using a cropped image of their face. By leveraging such advanced technologies, we can contribute significantly to public health and safety measures in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and SARS-VIRUS.Keywords:CNNCOVID-19Face Mask Detection (FMD) SARSDOI: 10.22401/ANJS.26.4.12*corresponding author email: farah.saad@nahrainuniv.edu.iqThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License1.Introduction COVID-19 (CO ronaVIrus Disease of 2019) and SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) are two viral respiratory illnesses caused by coronaviruses, both of which have had important global impacts on public health [1]. These contagious diseases emerged in different time frames but share similarities in their mode of transmission and clinical presentation, prompting the search for effective non-pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate their spread [2]. One essential strategy to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets, which can carry the viruses, is the widespread adoption of face masks in public spaces. However, monitoring and ensuring compliance with mask-wearing practices in crowded areas can be challenging, particularly in densely populated regions. Automatic face mask detection (FMD) systems powered by advanced technologies offer a potential solution to this challenge [3]. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques have demonstrated remarkable success in computer vision tasks, including image classification [4]. In this context, utilizing pretrained CNN models, such as ResNet-50, has shown promising results for identifying faces wearing or not wearing masks. In this work, we explore applying a pretrained ResNet-50 CNN model fine-tuned on a well-balanced dataset of 12,000cropped photos of faces with and without masks. The goal is to create an accurate and reliable FMD (Face Mask Detection) system that can automatically identify individuals who are not wearing masks in public spaces. Through this work, we aim to contribute to the expanding realm of research on FMD as a crucial tool to prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses. The successful implementation of such technology has the ability to play a significant role in safeguarding public health, improving safe
近来，口罩的使用已成为一个重要课题。通过自动检测口罩，可以识别出没有使用口罩的人，从而遏制 COVID-19 病毒和 SARS 病毒在公共场所的传播。在这项工作中，使用了一个带有 ResNet-50 模型的预训练卷积神经网络 (CNN)，该模型最初是在 Image Net 竞赛数据上训练的。该模型使用 300 线性层网络进行增强，并在包含 1,000 张面部图像的数据集上进行微调。在对包含约 800 张面部图像的验证数据集进行评估时，该模型的准确率达到了令人印象深刻的 99%。该模型的主要目标是利用裁剪后的面部图像发现一个人是否戴了面部面具。通过利用这种先进技术，我们可以在目前抗击 COVID-19 和 SARS 病毒的战斗中为公共卫生和安全措施做出重大贡献。 关键词：CNNCOVID-19人脸面具检测（FMD）SARSDOI: 10.22401/ANJS.26.4.12*corresponding author email: farah.saad@nahrainuniv.edu.iqThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License1.引言COVID-19（CO ronaVIrus Disease of 2019）和SARS（Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome）是由冠状病毒引起的两种病毒性呼吸道疾病，均对全球公共卫生产生了重要影响[1]。这两种传染病出现的时间不同，但在传播方式和临床表现上有相似之处，这促使人们寻找有效的非药物策略来减少其传播[2]。减少可携带病毒的呼吸道飞沫传播的一个基本策略是在公共场所广泛使用口罩。然而，在人群密集的地区，尤其是在人口稠密的地区，监测和确保人们遵守戴口罩的做法可能具有挑战性。采用先进技术的自动口罩检测（FMD）系统为应对这一挑战提供了潜在的解决方案[3]。卷积神经网络（CNN）和深度学习技术在计算机视觉任务（包括图像分类）中取得了显著的成功[4]。在这种情况下，利用预先训练好的 CNN 模型（如 ResNet-50）来识别是否戴面具的人脸已显示出良好的效果。在这项工作中，我们将探索在由 12,000 张带面具和不带面具的人脸照片组成的均衡数据集上应用经过微调的预训练 ResNet-50 CNN 模型。我们的目标是创建一个准确可靠的 FMD（人脸面具检测）系统，该系统可以自动识别公共场所中未戴面具的个人。通过这项工作，我们希望为不断扩大的 FMD 研究领域做出贡献，因为 FMD 是预防呼吸道疾病传播的重要工具。这种技术的成功应用能够在保障公众健康、改善安全措施以及在各种社区环境中协助抗击 COVID-19 和 SARS 方面发挥重要作用。
{"title":"AutomatedFace Mask Detection Using Pretrained CNN","authors":"Farah Saad Al-Mukhta","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, the use of face masks has emerged as a critical subject. Automated facial mask detection can curb the transmission of the COVID-19 virus and SARS-VIRUS within communal areas by identifying individuals who are not utilizing masks. In this work, a pretrained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with model ResNet-50, which is initially trained on the Image Net competition data, is utilized. This model is augmented with a 300-linear layer network and fine-tuned on a dataset that comprises 1,000 facial images. During the evaluation of the validation dataset consisting of approximately 800 face images, the model achieved an impressive 99% accuracy. Its primary objective is to discover if an individual is wearing a facial mask using a cropped image of their face. By leveraging such advanced technologies, we can contribute significantly to public health and safety measures in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and SARS-VIRUS.Keywords:CNNCOVID-19Face Mask Detection (FMD) SARSDOI: 10.22401/ANJS.26.4.12*corresponding author email: farah.saad@nahrainuniv.edu.iqThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License1.Introduction COVID-19 (CO ronaVIrus Disease of 2019) and SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) are two viral respiratory illnesses caused by coronaviruses, both of which have had important global impacts on public health [1]. These contagious diseases emerged in different time frames but share similarities in their mode of transmission and clinical presentation, prompting the search for effective non-pharmaceutical strategies to mitigate their spread [2]. One essential strategy to reduce the transmission of respiratory droplets, which can carry the viruses, is the widespread adoption of face masks in public spaces. However, monitoring and ensuring compliance with mask-wearing practices in crowded areas can be challenging, particularly in densely populated regions. Automatic face mask detection (FMD) systems powered by advanced technologies offer a potential solution to this challenge [3]. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and deep learning techniques have demonstrated remarkable success in computer vision tasks, including image classification [4]. In this context, utilizing pretrained CNN models, such as ResNet-50, has shown promising results for identifying faces wearing or not wearing masks. In this work, we explore applying a pretrained ResNet-50 CNN model fine-tuned on a well-balanced dataset of 12,000cropped photos of faces with and without masks. The goal is to create an accurate and reliable FMD (Face Mask Detection) system that can automatically identify individuals who are not wearing masks in public spaces. Through this work, we aim to contribute to the expanding realm of research on FMD as a crucial tool to prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses. The successful implementation of such technology has the ability to play a significant role in safeguarding public health, improving safe","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"36 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seenar S. Hameed, Dina Ahmed, Mohammed Kadhom, Salam Mohammed
The Schiff base compound, benzyl hydrogen-4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene hydroxycarbon hydrazodithiate(BHDBHH), was investigated under continuous wave laser beam irradiation (30 mW), and its chemical properties were analyzed. The material's chemical properties were found to be affected during laser processing. We examined the chemical properties of the Schiff base using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. By varying the exposure time, we discovered that longer exposure times resulted in a darker colouration of the compound, even at a low power of 30 mW. This finding led us to conclude that the compound is highly sensitive to laser exposure and can be easily diffused with a more powerful laser. The EDX test revealed a significant reduction in the sulfur element, with more than 50% of it being burned during the exposure.
研究人员在连续波激光束（30 mW）照射下研究了希夫碱化合物--苄基氢-4-（二甲基氨基）亚苄基羟碳二硫代肼（BHDBHH），并分析了其化学特性。在激光加工过程中，材料的化学特性受到了影响。我们使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）检查了希夫碱的化学特性。通过改变曝光时间，我们发现即使在 30 mW 的低功率下，较长的曝光时间也会导致化合物颜色变深。这一发现使我们得出结论，这种化合物对激光照射高度敏感，使用功率更大的激光很容易扩散。EDX 测试显示，硫元素明显减少，超过 50% 的硫元素在照射过程中被烧毁。
{"title":"Laser and Scanning Electron Spectroscopyof Benzyl Hydrogen-4-(Dimethylamino) Benzylidene Hydroxycarbon Hydrazodithiate Schiff’s Base","authors":"Seenar S. Hameed, Dina Ahmed, Mohammed Kadhom, Salam Mohammed","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"The Schiff base compound, benzyl hydrogen-4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene hydroxycarbon hydrazodithiate(BHDBHH), was investigated under continuous wave laser beam irradiation (30 mW), and its chemical properties were analyzed. The material's chemical properties were found to be affected during laser processing. We examined the chemical properties of the Schiff base using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. By varying the exposure time, we discovered that longer exposure times resulted in a darker colouration of the compound, even at a low power of 30 mW. This finding led us to conclude that the compound is highly sensitive to laser exposure and can be easily diffused with a more powerful laser. The EDX test revealed a significant reduction in the sulfur element, with more than 50% of it being burned during the exposure.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"30 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most efficient metaheuristic algorithms that is used to solve hard optimization problems is the firefly algorithm (FFA). In this paper we use this algorithm to solve a single machine scheduling problem, we aim to minimize the sum of the two cost functions: the maximum tardiness and the maximum earliness. This problem (P) is NP-hard so we solve this problem using FFA as a metaheuristic algorithm. To explore the search space and get a good solution to a problem (Q), we hybridize FFA by Iterated Descent Method (IDM) in three ways and the results are FFA1, FFA2, and FFA3. In the computational test, we evaluate these algorithms (FFA, FFA1, FFA2, FFA3) compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) through a simulation process with job sizes from 10 jobs to 100 jobs. The results indicate that these modifications improve the performance of the original FFA and one of them (FFA3) gives better performance than others.
{"title":"Modified Firefly Algorithm using Iterated Descent Method to Solve Machine Scheduling Problems","authors":"Hafed M. Motair","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most efficient metaheuristic algorithms that is used to solve hard optimization problems is the firefly algorithm (FFA). In this paper we use this algorithm to solve a single machine scheduling problem, we aim to minimize the sum of the two cost functions: the maximum tardiness and the maximum earliness. This problem (P) is NP-hard so we solve this problem using FFA as a metaheuristic algorithm. To explore the search space and get a good solution to a problem (Q), we hybridize FFA by Iterated Descent Method (IDM) in three ways and the results are FFA1, FFA2, and FFA3. In the computational test, we evaluate these algorithms (FFA, FFA1, FFA2, FFA3) compared with the genetic algorithm (GA) through a simulation process with job sizes from 10 jobs to 100 jobs. The results indicate that these modifications improve the performance of the original FFA and one of them (FFA3) gives better performance than others.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"437 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
n this research, we looked at how laser energy affected the structural and optical characteristics of ZrO2:ZnO thin films at mixing ratios(0.1, 0.2, 0.3and0.4) that were applied on glass slides using the pulse laser deposition technique (PLD). Nd:YAG laser was utilized with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse width of 9 ns, and an energy of 320 mJ. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the films had a polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. AFM was used to measure the topography of the film's surface, and the results revealed that the average roughness and grain size increased. After analyzing the optical characteristics of each film, it was discovered that the absorption coefficient in the 200–1000 nm wavelength range increases at 320 mJ of laser energy and that the optical energy gap value for indirect permitted transitions decreases between 3.58 and 3.4eV
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization ofZrO2:ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Induced Plasma","authors":"Marwa A. Mohammed, Hassan N. Hashim","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"n this research, we looked at how laser energy affected the structural and optical characteristics of ZrO2:ZnO thin films at mixing ratios(0.1, 0.2, 0.3and0.4) that were applied on glass slides using the pulse laser deposition technique (PLD). Nd:YAG laser was utilized with a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse width of 9 ns, and an energy of 320 mJ. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that all the films had a polycrystalline hexagonal crystal structure. AFM was used to measure the topography of the film's surface, and the results revealed that the average roughness and grain size increased. After analyzing the optical characteristics of each film, it was discovered that the absorption coefficient in the 200–1000 nm wavelength range increases at 320 mJ of laser energy and that the optical energy gap value for indirect permitted transitions decreases between 3.58 and 3.4eV","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metformin (MEF) imprinted polymer liquid electrodes arecreated using a precipitation polymerization process. The MEF served as a template for the creation of molecularly imprinted (MIP) materials using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, allyl methacrylate (AMA) crosslinkers, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a monomer. UtilizingDi-octyl-phthalate (DOPH) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) as plasticizers in a PVC matrix, the molecularly imprinted membranes arecreated. The reaction time is approximately 50 seconds, and the limits of detection for liquid electrodes, as determined by the calibration curves, are 55.6 to 58.4 mV/decadeat 5×10-5M and 8×10-5M respectively. The liquid electrodes demonstrated good selectivity over a variety of species and a consistent reaction when filled with a typical 0.1 M drug solution across the pH range of 1 to 11. Modern electrodes can detect MEF without the need for time-consuming pre-treatment procedures in pharmaceutical samples.
{"title":"New Ion Selective Electrodes for Analysis of Metformin Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers","authors":"Nabeel Mohammed, Yehya Kamal Al-Bayati","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin (MEF) imprinted polymer liquid electrodes arecreated using a precipitation polymerization process. The MEF served as a template for the creation of molecularly imprinted (MIP) materials using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator, allyl methacrylate (AMA) crosslinkers, and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a monomer. UtilizingDi-octyl-phthalate (DOPH) and di-butyl phthalate (DBPH) as plasticizers in a PVC matrix, the molecularly imprinted membranes arecreated. The reaction time is approximately 50 seconds, and the limits of detection for liquid electrodes, as determined by the calibration curves, are 55.6 to 58.4 mV/decadeat 5×10-5M and 8×10-5M respectively. The liquid electrodes demonstrated good selectivity over a variety of species and a consistent reaction when filled with a typical 0.1 M drug solution across the pH range of 1 to 11. Modern electrodes can detect MEF without the need for time-consuming pre-treatment procedures in pharmaceutical samples.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bassam Baqer Hasan, Taghried Ali Salman, Asmaa Kadim Ayal
Prior to the start of production, several factors must be considered, including the price, effectiveness, and environmental friendliness of batteries. Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have shown significant success when employed as electrolytes with Titanium-graphite cells, especially when combined with additives that enhance their conductivity by reducing the high viscosity of these liquids. Evaluating the discharge voltage of the AlCl3-chloroacetamide IL with DCM as an additive revealed a voltage of 1.16V and an internal resistance of 11 Ohm. These electrochemical cells exhibited an intriguing response. Otherwise, when utilizing CaCl2.2H2O: Acetamide DES with DI water as an additive, the cell voltage measured 0.97V,with an internal resistance of 23 Ohm. Moreover, these cells demonstrated thermal stability during both charging and discharging processes, which can be attributed to the concentration and quality of the ionic species. Furthermore, the surfaces of the Titanium electrodes were examined using FESEM and EDXA equipment to assess the impact of the ionic liquid and DES on these electrodes.
在开始生产之前，必须考虑几个因素，包括电池的价格、有效性和环保性。离子液体和深共晶溶剂在用作钛石墨电池的电解质时取得了巨大成功，尤其是与添加剂结合使用时，添加剂可通过降低这些液体的高粘度来增强其导电性。以 DCM 作为添加剂评估 AlCl3-氯乙酰胺 IL 的放电电压时发现，电压为 1.16V，内阻为 11 欧姆。这些电化学电池表现出了耐人寻味的反应。此外，当使用以去离子水为添加剂的 CaCl2.2H2O：乙酰胺 DES 时，电池电压为 0.97V，内阻为 23 欧姆。此外，这些电池在充电和放电过程中都表现出了热稳定性，这可归因于离子物种的浓度和质量。此外，还使用 FESEM 和 EDXA 设备检查了钛电极的表面，以评估离子液体和 DES 对这些电极的影响。
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The studied regions were comprised of Erbil and Garmian districts, there were differences in geographic locations and habitat. The collected ferns were from 1st in Mallakan region, and 2nd in Kalar region from Erbil and Garmian districts respectively. Four active compounds qualitatively (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins) were screened in two studied regions. Flavonoid compounds screened in the Mallakan region represent four flavonoids which were: Myrectin, Kaempferole and Rutine , but in Kalar region represent: Kaempherol, Myrectin, Qurectin and Rutin. A phytochemical quantitative study revealed that total flavonoids in Kalar region (540 μg/ml) were higher than total flavonoids in the Mallakan region (280 μg/ml). The study aimed to determine the flavonoids of Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr. (Pteridaceae) in two different districts North of Iraq.
所研究的地区包括埃尔比勒和加米安地区，地理位置和栖息地存在差异。采集的蕨类植物分别来自埃尔比勒和加尔米安地区的第一个马拉坎地区和第二个卡拉尔地区。在两个研究地区筛选出了四种活性化合物（黄酮类、单宁酸、生物碱和皂苷）。在马拉坎地区筛选出的黄酮类化合物包括四种黄酮类化合物：但在卡拉尔地区，这四种黄酮类化合物分别是：山柰素、山柰醇和芦丁：而在卡拉尔地区，则有山奈酚、槲皮素、槲皮苷和芦丁。植物化学定量研究显示，卡拉尔地区的总黄酮（540 微克/毫升）高于马拉坎地区的总黄酮（280 微克/毫升）。该研究旨在确定伊拉克北部两个不同地区的蝶形花（Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr.）（蝶形花科）的类黄酮含量。
{"title":"A Comparative Study on Flavonoid Content of Cheilanthes Pteridioides (Richard.) C. Chr.1905 in Two Different Districts -Iraq","authors":"Abbas M.Ismail, S. Al-Majmaie, Z.A. Ali","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"The studied regions were comprised of Erbil and Garmian districts, there were differences in geographic locations and habitat. The collected ferns were from 1st in Mallakan region, and 2nd in Kalar region from Erbil and Garmian districts respectively. Four active compounds qualitatively (flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and saponins) were screened in two studied regions. Flavonoid compounds screened in the Mallakan region represent four flavonoids which were: Myrectin, Kaempferole and Rutine , but in Kalar region represent: Kaempherol, Myrectin, Qurectin and Rutin. A phytochemical quantitative study revealed that total flavonoids in Kalar region (540 μg/ml) were higher than total flavonoids in the Mallakan region (280 μg/ml). The study aimed to determine the flavonoids of Cheilanthes pteridioids (Richard) C. Chr. (Pteridaceae) in two different districts North of Iraq.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to assimilate nutrients. Samples of wastewater were taken from the Erbil wastewater channel near Dhahibha village. To investigate the role of algae in wastewater treatment algal samples were collected and used to isolate the most dominant and pollution tolerant algae such as Tetradesmus nygaardi cultures in BG11 broth and used for the treatment. Three doses (2, 1, and 0.2 g. l-1) of micro-algae Tetradesmus nygaardi were applied for this experiment for 21 days, and samples were periodically (every 3 days) analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, phosphate, nitrate, and BOD5 using standard methods, in addition to, chlorophyll a determination. Results showed that the highest dose (2g.l-1) was the most effective for removing the highest rate of nutrients, which was confirmed statistically with significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Ammonium had the highest removal rate of 96 %, followed by NO3at 95%, while BOD5 had a range of 82 to 89.5%. Results showed that the highest dose 2g.l-1 was the most effective dose for removing nutrients, confirmed by significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Reduced nutrient levels were accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll content, with the greatest biomass production of 1.03 mg. l-1 on the 17th day of the experiment.
{"title":"Application of Micro-Alga Tetradesmus Nygaardi for Wastewater Quality Improvement","authors":"Muzhda Q. Qader, Yahya A. Shekha","doi":"10.22401/anjs.26.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22401/anjs.26.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have been increasingly used for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to assimilate nutrients. Samples of wastewater were taken from the Erbil wastewater channel near Dhahibha village. To investigate the role of algae in wastewater treatment algal samples were collected and used to isolate the most dominant and pollution tolerant algae such as Tetradesmus nygaardi cultures in BG11 broth and used for the treatment. Three doses (2, 1, and 0.2 g. l-1) of micro-algae Tetradesmus nygaardi were applied for this experiment for 21 days, and samples were periodically (every 3 days) analyzed for physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, phosphate, nitrate, and BOD5 using standard methods, in addition to, chlorophyll a determination. Results showed that the highest dose (2g.l-1) was the most effective for removing the highest rate of nutrients, which was confirmed statistically with significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Ammonium had the highest removal rate of 96 %, followed by NO3at 95%, while BOD5 had a range of 82 to 89.5%. Results showed that the highest dose 2g.l-1 was the most effective dose for removing nutrients, confirmed by significant differences (p≤0.05) between all doses. Reduced nutrient levels were accompanied by an increase in chlorophyll content, with the greatest biomass production of 1.03 mg. l-1 on the 17th day of the experiment.","PeriodicalId":7494,"journal":{"name":"Al-Nahrain Journal of Science","volume":"48 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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