Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110272
Kajsa Svensson, Veronika Hederström, Ida Valentin, Sara Lindholm, Linda Öhlund, Mattias C. Larsson, Åsa Lankinen
{"title":"Abundance of short- and long-tongued bees, and their impact on red clover seed production in four cultivars grown across a large latitude range","authors":"Kajsa Svensson, Veronika Hederström, Ida Valentin, Sara Lindholm, Linda Öhlund, Mattias C. Larsson, Åsa Lankinen","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2026.110272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110187
B.C.T. Macdonald , Y.F. Chang , A. Nadelko , I. Rochester , D.L. Antille , S. Karunaratne , K. Gordon
This study investigates the emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), from different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) in a cotton-wheat-fallow rotation system under irrigation in Narrabri, Australia. The research spans a two-year period and aims to understand the spatial variability of emissions and their relation to soil and atmospheric conditions. Nitrous oxide emissions during the cotton season averaged 2.07 ± 0.13 kg N2O-N ha−1, representing 0.86 % of applied inorganic N fertiliser nitrogen, with emissions occurring in hills and furrows due to nitrogen transport. Methane was consistently absorbed by the soil and contributed a small amount to the overall greenhouse gas budget. Carbon dioxide emissions were higher from furrows, while hills functioned as carbon sinks during cropping seasons. The rotation exhibited a net soil carbon loss of approximately 4.1 ± 0.5 t C ha−1, indicating a need for management strategies to increase carbon inputs during fallow periods. Further, greenhouse gas measurements are required from all different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) as well as biophysical parameters. This is not only due to differences between each measurement location but also between the chamber and field measurement locations. Longer term measurements are required to improve the accuracy of emissions and carbon balance estimates.
本研究调查了澳大利亚Narrabri棉花-小麦-休耕轮作系统中不同土壤位置（丘陵、垄沟、灌溉沟）的温室气体、二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放。该研究为期两年，旨在了解排放的空间变异性及其与土壤和大气条件的关系。棉花季氮氧化物排放量平均为2.07 ± 0.13 kg N2O-N ha - 1，占施用无机氮肥氮的0.86 %，由于氮的运输，排放发生在丘陵和犁沟中。甲烷一直被土壤吸收，对温室气体总量的贡献很小。犁沟的二氧化碳排放量更高，而丘陵在种植季节起着碳汇的作用。轮作土壤净碳损失约为4.1 ± 0.5 t C ha - 1，表明需要采取管理策略来增加休耕期的碳投入。此外，温室气体的测量需要从所有不同的土壤位置（小山、沟沟、灌溉沟）以及生物物理参数。这不仅是由于每个测量位置之间的差异，而且是由于腔室和现场测量位置之间的差异。为了提高排放和碳平衡估算的准确性，需要进行更长期的测量。
{"title":"Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from furrows and hills in a cotton-wheat-fallow rotation, Narrabri, Australia","authors":"B.C.T. Macdonald , Y.F. Chang , A. Nadelko , I. Rochester , D.L. Antille , S. Karunaratne , K. Gordon","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2025.110187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O), from different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) in a cotton-wheat-fallow rotation system under irrigation in Narrabri, Australia. The research spans a two-year period and aims to understand the spatial variability of emissions and their relation to soil and atmospheric conditions. Nitrous oxide emissions during the cotton season averaged 2.07 ± 0.13 kg N<sub>2</sub>O-N ha<sup>−1</sup>, representing 0.86 % of applied inorganic N fertiliser nitrogen, with emissions occurring in hills and furrows due to nitrogen transport. Methane was consistently absorbed by the soil and contributed a small amount to the overall greenhouse gas budget. Carbon dioxide emissions were higher from furrows, while hills functioned as carbon sinks during cropping seasons. The rotation exhibited a net soil carbon loss of approximately 4.1 ± 0.5 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>, indicating a need for management strategies to increase carbon inputs during fallow periods. Further, greenhouse gas measurements are required from all different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) as well as biophysical parameters. This is not only due to differences between each measurement location but also between the chamber and field measurement locations. Longer term measurements are required to improve the accuracy of emissions and carbon balance estimates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 110187"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110274
Xiao Ma , Nazim Gruda , Kang Tian , Liying Wang , Ziliang Zhang , Ying Tang , Xun Li , Zengqiang Duan , Jinlong Dong
The high organic input rates and expanding coverage of China’s plastic shed horticulture suggest these soils represent a significant potential organic carbon pool. Using meta-analysis (22,403 plastic-sheds and 261 studies), we assessed soil organic matter (SOM) storage in plastic shed soils (0–20 cm depth) in China, and projected global organic carbon stocks. SOM concentration and its percentage increase relative to adjacent open-field soils rose significantly with cultivation time, stabilizing after ten years at 26.1 mg g−1 and 85.6 %, respectively. SOM and organic carbon stocks increased by 45.7 % and 46.3 % on average, driven primarily by organic inputs averaging 74.1 t ha−1. Estimated organic carbon stocks in Chinese plastic shed soils were 134.2–145.9 Tg C. Projections indicate high organic carbon stock potential by 2030 in India, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, and Mexico. These findings identify plastic shed soils as a substantial reservoir for horticultural carbon neutrality. Optimizing organic input type and quantity, coupled with policy support on fertilization management, is recommended to enhance SOC sequestration.
{"title":"Plastic shed horticulture can sequestrate more than expected soil organic carbon","authors":"Xiao Ma , Nazim Gruda , Kang Tian , Liying Wang , Ziliang Zhang , Ying Tang , Xun Li , Zengqiang Duan , Jinlong Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high organic input rates and expanding coverage of China’s plastic shed horticulture suggest these soils represent a significant potential organic carbon pool. Using meta-analysis (22,403 plastic-sheds and 261 studies), we assessed soil organic matter (SOM) storage in plastic shed soils (0–20 cm depth) in China, and projected global organic carbon stocks. SOM concentration and its percentage increase relative to adjacent open-field soils rose significantly with cultivation time, stabilizing after ten years at 26.1 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and 85.6 %, respectively. SOM and organic carbon stocks increased by 45.7 % and 46.3 % on average, driven primarily by organic inputs averaging 74.1 t ha<sup>−1</sup>. Estimated organic carbon stocks in Chinese plastic shed soils were 134.2–145.9 Tg C. Projections indicate high organic carbon stock potential by 2030 in India, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, and Mexico. These findings identify plastic shed soils as a substantial reservoir for horticultural carbon neutrality. Optimizing organic input type and quantity, coupled with policy support on fertilization management, is recommended to enhance SOC sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"401 ","pages":"Article 110274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110269
Hanghang Tuo , Hossein Ghanizadeh , Ziming Yin , Xiaorui Ma , Xiaorong Wei , Weijun Li , Xinning Han , Xiaoshan Zhang , Yibo Wang , Huihui Tian , Faming Ye , Qing Yang , Xiaobao Li , Wei Li
Understanding how global nitrogen enrichment impacts grassland stability, especially in the context of long-term ecological restoration, is a critical yet underexplored area of research. Although nitrogen enrichment is known to influence productivity and biodiversity, it remains unclear how these effects develop over different enclosure durations. We conducted an 11-year experiment involving six nitrogen enrichment levels across grasslands with different enclosure durations (10, 20, and 30 years) to quantify multiple dimensions of community stability, including productivity stability, compositional stability, and species richness stability. We found that nitrogen enrichment and longer enclosure time both increased aboveground productivity but decreased species richness. However, the magnitude of nitrogen`s effects declined with longer enclosure times, particularly after 30 years. Interestingly, the mechanisms underpinning community stability exhibited temporal shifts and responded to nitrogen enrichment. In terms of productivity stability, species asynchrony played a more significant role during the early stages of enclosure (10 years), whereas the stability of dominant species became increasingly influential in the later stages (20 and 30 years). Both nitrogen enrichment and enclosure influenced species composition and richness stability by enhancing the stability of dominant species, but reducing the stability of species richness. These findings clarify how nitrogen enrichment and enclosure interact to shape different aspects of grassland stability and provide a scientific basis for designing stage-specific management strategies in response to global environmental change.
{"title":"Long-term enclosure alters the impact of nitrogen enrichment on the grassland stability of plant productivity, composition and richness","authors":"Hanghang Tuo , Hossein Ghanizadeh , Ziming Yin , Xiaorui Ma , Xiaorong Wei , Weijun Li , Xinning Han , Xiaoshan Zhang , Yibo Wang , Huihui Tian , Faming Ye , Qing Yang , Xiaobao Li , Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how global nitrogen enrichment impacts grassland stability, especially in the context of long-term ecological restoration, is a critical yet underexplored area of research. Although nitrogen enrichment is known to influence productivity and biodiversity, it remains unclear how these effects develop over different enclosure durations. We conducted an 11-year experiment involving six nitrogen enrichment levels across grasslands with different enclosure durations (10, 20, and 30 years) to quantify multiple dimensions of community stability, including productivity stability, compositional stability, and species richness stability. We found that nitrogen enrichment and longer enclosure time both increased aboveground productivity but decreased species richness. However, the magnitude of nitrogen`s effects declined with longer enclosure times, particularly after 30 years. Interestingly, the mechanisms underpinning community stability exhibited temporal shifts and responded to nitrogen enrichment. In terms of productivity stability, species asynchrony played a more significant role during the early stages of enclosure (10 years), whereas the stability of dominant species became increasingly influential in the later stages (20 and 30 years). Both nitrogen enrichment and enclosure influenced species composition and richness stability by enhancing the stability of dominant species, but reducing the stability of species richness. These findings clarify how nitrogen enrichment and enclosure interact to shape different aspects of grassland stability and provide a scientific basis for designing stage-specific management strategies in response to global environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110270
Maral Khodadadi , William H. Blake , Andrew Swales , Greg Olson , Max Gibbs
Understanding historical sediment sources and their drivers is essential for effective watershed management. This study provides a novel, century-scale assessment of sediment source dynamics by integrating geochemical and compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) fingerprinting in the Zarivar Lake watershed, Iran. We measured tracers in potential sources, riverine sediments, and a lake sediment core. Consensus Ranking (CR) and Consistent Tracer Selection (CTS) were used to optimize the tracer combinations for robust source apportionment. This integrated approach identified channel banks (0.39 ± 0.09), uncultivated subsoil (0.29 ± 0.10), and irrigated farming (0.16 ± 0.07) as the dominant sediment sources from 1950s to 2018. Four distinct episodes of sedimentation fluctuations were identified: (i) an early-1930s peak linked to channel modifications; (ii) an early-1940s peak associated with extreme rainfall and mass movements; (iii) mid-1970s to 1980s peaks driven by deforestation and climatic extremes; and (iv) a sharp post-2008 decline following check dam construction, demonstrating the efficacy of sediment flux reduction. The findings reveal that changes in sediment loads were primarily governed by anthropogenic activities, while precipitation often acted as the primary amplifier of these impacts. This research underscores the power of a hierarchical geochemical-CSSI approach to provide a source-specific, century-scale perspective that is critical for designing effective conservation strategies in anthropogenically modified watersheds facing climate change.
{"title":"Climatic and anthropogenic controls on contemporary and historic sediment sources in a lake-connected watershed: Insights from a hierarchical geochemical and compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) fingerprinting approach","authors":"Maral Khodadadi , William H. Blake , Andrew Swales , Greg Olson , Max Gibbs","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding historical sediment sources and their drivers is essential for effective watershed management. This study provides a novel, century-scale assessment of sediment source dynamics by integrating geochemical and compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) fingerprinting in the Zarivar Lake watershed, Iran. We measured tracers in potential sources, riverine sediments, and a lake sediment core. Consensus Ranking (CR) and Consistent Tracer Selection (CTS) were used to optimize the tracer combinations for robust source apportionment. This integrated approach identified channel banks (0.39 ± 0.09), uncultivated subsoil (0.29 ± 0.10), and irrigated farming (0.16 ± 0.07) as the dominant sediment sources from 1950s to 2018. Four distinct episodes of sedimentation fluctuations were identified: (i) an early-1930s peak linked to channel modifications; (ii) an early-1940s peak associated with extreme rainfall and mass movements; (iii) mid-1970s to 1980s peaks driven by deforestation and climatic extremes; and (iv) a sharp post-2008 decline following check dam construction, demonstrating the efficacy of sediment flux reduction. The findings reveal that changes in sediment loads were primarily governed by anthropogenic activities, while precipitation often acted as the primary amplifier of these impacts. This research underscores the power of a hierarchical geochemical-CSSI approach to provide a source-specific, century-scale perspective that is critical for designing effective conservation strategies in anthropogenically modified watersheds facing climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110270"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110257
Matteo Conti , Andrea Dalpasso , Alberto Mattia Nodari , Isabel Cantera , Benedetta Barzaghi , Mattia Brambilla , Andrea Ferrari , Gentile Francesco Ficetola , Simone Giachello , Elia Lo Parrino , Valeria Messina , Carlo Polidori , Michele Pozzi , Sofia Redaelli , Andrea Zerboni , Gianalberto Losapio , Mattia Falaschi
Semi-natural grasslands are among the most biodiversity-rich habitats in European agroecosystems, offering a broad spectrum of resources for many species, including plants, insects, and birds, potentially increasing the provision of key ecosystem services. Grassland biodiversity can be strongly influenced by both local- and landscape-level factors. Understanding how different biodiversity facets respond to biotic and abiotic factors across spatial scales remains challenging; yet this knowledge is essential for guiding management actions that support key ecological processes in agroecosystems. Here, we adopted a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach considering five groups: plants, bees, hoverflies, orthopterans, and birds. We assessed the effects of local management (annual mowing frequency, presence of uncut refuges) and landscape features (urban and agricultural cover, landscape heterogeneity) on taxonomic and functional diversity in managed grasslands. We found that multidiversity was positively associated with the presence of uncut refuges and with landscape heterogeneity, while it was negatively associated with urban and monoculture cover at the landscape level. The effect of mowing frequency was weak, potentially due to contrasting effects on different groups. Structural equation models showed that ecological effects varied across scales, groups, and biodiversity indicators: i) local scale management was particularly correlated with indicators of plants and hoverflies; ii) landscape scale factors had a stronger relationship with birds; iii) bees and orthopterans showed relationships at both local and landscape scales. Since different scales of agroecosystems management showed contrasting effects on different groups, we emphasize the importance of planning both local- and landscape-level management to embrace different facets of biodiversity.
{"title":"Effects of local management and landscape factors on taxonomic and functional diversity of multiple taxa in managed grasslands","authors":"Matteo Conti , Andrea Dalpasso , Alberto Mattia Nodari , Isabel Cantera , Benedetta Barzaghi , Mattia Brambilla , Andrea Ferrari , Gentile Francesco Ficetola , Simone Giachello , Elia Lo Parrino , Valeria Messina , Carlo Polidori , Michele Pozzi , Sofia Redaelli , Andrea Zerboni , Gianalberto Losapio , Mattia Falaschi","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-natural grasslands are among the most biodiversity-rich habitats in European agroecosystems, offering a broad spectrum of resources for many species, including plants, insects, and birds, potentially increasing the provision of key ecosystem services. Grassland biodiversity can be strongly influenced by both local- and landscape-level factors. Understanding how different biodiversity facets respond to biotic and abiotic factors across spatial scales remains challenging; yet this knowledge is essential for guiding management actions that support key ecological processes in agroecosystems. Here, we adopted a multi-taxa and multi-scale approach considering five groups: plants, bees, hoverflies, orthopterans, and birds. We assessed the effects of local management (annual mowing frequency, presence of uncut refuges) and landscape features (urban and agricultural cover, landscape heterogeneity) on taxonomic and functional diversity in managed grasslands. We found that multidiversity was positively associated with the presence of uncut refuges and with landscape heterogeneity, while it was negatively associated with urban and monoculture cover at the landscape level. The effect of mowing frequency was weak, potentially due to contrasting effects on different groups. Structural equation models showed that ecological effects varied across scales, groups, and biodiversity indicators: i) local scale management was particularly correlated with indicators of plants and hoverflies; ii) landscape scale factors had a stronger relationship with birds; iii) bees and orthopterans showed relationships at both local and landscape scales. Since different scales of agroecosystems management showed contrasting effects on different groups, we emphasize the importance of planning both local- and landscape-level management to embrace different facets of biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110257"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110264
Bangwei Zhang , David L. Burton , Keith D. Fuller , Andrew M. Hammermeister , Gordon W. Price
Accurately assessing soil nitrogen (N) supply (SNS) in perennial Vitis vinifera systems is essential yet challenging, often leading to over-fertilization and environmental degradation. Moreover, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding how soil particle size fractions interact with organic N pools (labile vs. stable) to influence SNS and spatial distribution across vineyard. This study is the first to validate the Biological N Availability (BNA) method in vineyard soils, demonstrating its field applicability as a rapid, cost-effective tool for quantifying in-season SNS and supporting N management decisions. Here we examined soil N dynamics in 11 vineyards by implementing BNA method to estimate growing season soil N mineralization (GSN) and analyzing N content in distinct soil fractions (>53 µm, <53 µm, and soluble organic N). The stable N pool was close related to the sand-sized fraction, while N in the micro-fraction was more closely associated with the labile N pool and exerted a stronger influence on GSN. Furthermore, the labile N pool was more sensitive to vineyard location and soil depth than the stable N pool, highlighting the importance of site-specific soil management practices. Topsoil in primary grape-growing areas of Nova Scotia could supply approximately 218 kg N·ha−1 of GSN. By quantifying vineyard SNS using the BNA method and elucidating its interactions with soil fractions and spatial distribution, this study offers novel insights into N dynamics in vineyard soils and provides a foundation for optimizing N use efficiency, enhancing soil health, and reducing environmental risks in perennial cropping systems.
准确评估多年生葡萄（Vitis vinifera）系统的土壤氮供应（SNS）至关重要，但也具有挑战性，往往导致过度施肥和环境退化。此外，关于土壤粒度分数如何与有机氮库（不稳定与稳定）相互作用，从而影响整个葡萄园的SNS和空间分布，关键的知识差距仍然存在。本研究首次在葡萄园土壤中验证了生物氮有效性（BNA）方法，证明了该方法作为一种快速、经济有效的工具在田间的适用性，可用于量化季节性SNS并支持氮管理决策。本文采用BNA法估算生长季节土壤氮矿化（GSN），并分析不同土壤组分（>53 µm, <；53 µm和可溶性有机氮）的氮含量，研究了11个葡萄园的土壤氮动态。稳定N库与沙粒级组分关系密切，而微粒级组分中的N与不稳定N库关系更为密切，对GSN的影响更大。此外，与稳定氮库相比，稳定氮库对葡萄园位置和土壤深度更为敏感，这凸显了因地施治土壤管理措施的重要性。新斯科舍省葡萄主产区的表土可提供约218 kg N·ha−1的GSN。本研究通过BNA方法量化葡萄园土壤SNS，并阐明其与土壤组分和空间分布的相互作用，为研究葡萄园土壤氮素动态提供了新的视角，为优化氮素利用效率、促进土壤健康和降低多年生种植系统的环境风险提供了基础。
{"title":"Biological nitrogen availability in vineyards: Assessing the influence of soil particle size fractions and spatial distribution","authors":"Bangwei Zhang , David L. Burton , Keith D. Fuller , Andrew M. Hammermeister , Gordon W. Price","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately assessing soil nitrogen (N) supply (SNS) in perennial <em>Vitis vinifera</em> systems is essential yet challenging, often leading to over-fertilization and environmental degradation. Moreover, critical knowledge gaps persist regarding how soil particle size fractions interact with organic N pools (labile vs. stable) to influence SNS and spatial distribution across vineyard. This study is the first to validate the Biological N Availability (BNA) method in vineyard soils, demonstrating its field applicability as a rapid, cost-effective tool for quantifying in-season SNS and supporting N management decisions. Here we examined soil N dynamics in 11 vineyards by implementing BNA method to estimate growing season soil N mineralization (GSN) and analyzing N content in distinct soil fractions (>53 µm, <53 µm, and soluble organic N). The stable N pool was close related to the sand-sized fraction, while N in the micro-fraction was more closely associated with the labile N pool and exerted a stronger influence on GSN. Furthermore, the labile N pool was more sensitive to vineyard location and soil depth than the stable N pool, highlighting the importance of site-specific soil management practices. Topsoil in primary grape-growing areas of Nova Scotia could supply approximately 218 kg N·ha<sup>−1</sup> of GSN. By quantifying vineyard SNS using the BNA method and elucidating its interactions with soil fractions and spatial distribution, this study offers novel insights into N dynamics in vineyard soils and provides a foundation for optimizing N use efficiency, enhancing soil health, and reducing environmental risks in perennial cropping systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110264"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110268
Nilza Martins de Queiroz Xavier Brasil , Norberto Cornejo Noronha , Vivian Dielly da Silva Farias , Alberto Bentes Brasil Neto , Eduardo Jorge Maklouf Carvalho , Josiane Martins de Queiroz Xavier Silveira , Sandra Andrea Santos da Silva
The conversion of degraded pastures into sustainable production systems in the Brazilian Amazon has been recognized as a relevant strategy to address climate challenges, restore ecosystem functions, and support low-emission agricultural models. In this study, we evaluated the effects of converting a degraded extensive pasture into commercial cocoa-based agroforestry systems (AFSs) established for 12 and 25 years on soil physical and biological properties, using a remaining pasture and a native forest fragment as reference land-use systems. The following variables were determined: soil organic matter, carbon stock, bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, and penetration resistance (0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.4 m depth), Visual Evaluation of Soil Structure (VESS) (0–0.25 m depth), and soil macrofauna (0–0.1 m depth). The AFSs showed higher soil organic matter, greater carbon stock, and higher porosity, along with reduced soil bulk density and lower penetration resistance compared with the pasture, with more pronounced improvements in the surface layers. The 25-year AFS exhibited greater macrofauna abundance and higher taxonomic richness, with a notable contribution of ecosystem engineers, indicating advances in soil structural and functional reorganization. Multivariate analysis revealed a clear degradation–restoration gradient, positioning the AFSs along a progressive trajectory toward native-forest conditions. These results demonstrate that cocoa-based AFSs represent an effective proposal to restore degraded soils in the Amazon, reinforce ecosystem processes, and enhance the sustainability of productive landscapes.
在巴西亚马逊地区，将退化牧场转变为可持续生产系统已被认为是应对气候挑战、恢复生态系统功能和支持低排放农业模式的相关战略。在这项研究中，我们评估了将退化的粗放牧场转变为建立了12年和25年的商业可可农林复合系统（afs）对土壤物理和生物特性的影响，并以剩余的牧场和原生林片段作为参考土地利用系统。测定了土壤有机质、碳储量、容重、总孔隙度、大孔隙度、微孔隙度和抗渗透能力（0-0.1、0.1-0.2和0.2-0.4 m深度）、土壤结构视觉评价（VESS）（0-0.25 m深度）和土壤大型动物（0-0.1 m深度）。与草地相比，人工草地土壤有机质、碳储量和孔隙度更高，土壤容重降低，渗透阻力降低，其中表层改善更为明显。25 a AFS显示出较大的大型动物丰度和分类丰富度，生态系统工程师的贡献显著，表明土壤结构和功能重组取得了进展。多变量分析显示了明显的退化-恢复梯度，使afs沿着向原始森林条件的渐进轨迹定位。这些结果表明，基于可可的AFSs是恢复亚马逊退化土壤、加强生态系统过程和提高生产景观可持续性的有效建议。
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Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110267
Weiling Niu , Jingyi Ding , Wenwu Zhao , Jing Wang , Wenzhu Tu , Yue Liu , Bojie Fu
Grasslands are critical components in global drylands, yet they face threats of increasing aridity and overgrazing under global change. A diverse group of plants and soil microbes are known to enhance grassland resilience and maintain multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) to face these threats. However, it is not clear under which levels of aridity and grazing intensity, plant and microbial diversity most effectively promote multiple ecosystem functions. Here, we surveyed 91 sites across the arid and semiarid natural grasslands in Xinjiang to assess the relative importance of plant and microbial diversity to regulate ecosystem functions, as well as trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem functions, and to examine how these relationships are mediated by aridity and grazing intensity. We found that the positive relationship between plant diversity and multifunctionality was stronger in arid than in semiarid regions. In arid regions, multifunctionality and synergies among ecosystem functions were positively correlated with plant diversity under low and moderate grazing intensity and negatively related to microbial diversity under high grazing intensity. Overall, increasing plant and microbial diversity generally reduced the trade-offs between pair-ecosystem functions in arid regions. Moreover, aridity reduced synergies among ecosystem functions by increasing soil pH in arid regions, whereas grazing reduced synergies among ecosystem functions by increasing soil clay content in semiarid regions. Together, our results indicate that conserving plant diversity is essential for maintaining synergies among ecosystem functions under low and moderate grazing intensity, while reducing soil disturbance and restoring soil physical properties (e.g., through retaining plant residues and promoting litter accumulation) to promote microbial diversity and activities is of high priority under high grazing intensity. Moreover, a predicted drier climate will further weaken synergies among ecosystem functions. Improving soil physical conditions through reducing grazing intensity and retention of plant residues may buffer these negative effects of aridity and enhance the resilience and sustainability of grasslands in semiard and arid regions.
{"title":"Aridity and grazing regulate the effects of grassland biodiversity on the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem functions in drylands","authors":"Weiling Niu , Jingyi Ding , Wenwu Zhao , Jing Wang , Wenzhu Tu , Yue Liu , Bojie Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grasslands are critical components in global drylands, yet they face threats of increasing aridity and overgrazing under global change. A diverse group of plants and soil microbes are known to enhance grassland resilience and maintain multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality) to face these threats. However, it is not clear under which levels of aridity and grazing intensity, plant and microbial diversity most effectively promote multiple ecosystem functions. Here, we surveyed 91 sites across the arid and semiarid natural grasslands in Xinjiang to assess the relative importance of plant and microbial diversity to regulate ecosystem functions, as well as trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem functions, and to examine how these relationships are mediated by aridity and grazing intensity. We found that the positive relationship between plant diversity and multifunctionality was stronger in arid than in semiarid regions. In arid regions, multifunctionality and synergies among ecosystem functions were positively correlated with plant diversity under low and moderate grazing intensity and negatively related to microbial diversity under high grazing intensity. Overall, increasing plant and microbial diversity generally reduced the trade-offs between pair-ecosystem functions in arid regions. Moreover, aridity reduced synergies among ecosystem functions by increasing soil pH in arid regions, whereas grazing reduced synergies among ecosystem functions by increasing soil clay content in semiarid regions. Together, our results indicate that conserving plant diversity is essential for maintaining synergies among ecosystem functions under low and moderate grazing intensity, while reducing soil disturbance and restoring soil physical properties (e.g., through retaining plant residues and promoting litter accumulation) to promote microbial diversity and activities is of high priority under high grazing intensity. Moreover, a predicted drier climate will further weaken synergies among ecosystem functions. Improving soil physical conditions through reducing grazing intensity and retention of plant residues may buffer these negative effects of aridity and enhance the resilience and sustainability of grasslands in semiard and arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110255
Xin Ju , Guodong Han , Xinli Chen , Zhongwu Wang , Zhiguo Li , Ton Bisseling , Iain Gordon , Qian Wu
Intensive grazing can threaten biodiversity and reduce the capacity of grassland ecosystems to sustain multiple ecological functions, particularly in arid regions. How grazing intensity shapes biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, and their interrelationship remains poorly understood. Using a long-term grazing experiment in a desert steppe in northern China, we tested how grazing intensity (at four levels: no, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) affects above- and belowground biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, and their relationship. We found that light grazing increased ecosystem multifunctionality, particularly aboveground multifunctionality. In contrast, moderate and heavy grazing reduced ecosystem multifunctionality, affecting both above- and belowground multifunctionality. For single ecosystem functions, light grazing enhanced productivity, whereas moderate and heavy grazing simultaneously suppressed productivity, carbon cycling, and nutrient supply functions. Notably, under no and light grazing conditions, ecosystem multifunctionality was primarily driven by aboveground diversity, with plant diversity playing a dominant role. In contrast, belowground diversity, especially soil bacterial diversity, became the primary driver of ecosystem multifunctionality under moderate and heavy grazing conditions. Therefore, our findings highlight that the strength and nature of the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships are shaped by grazing intensity, and light grazing either enhanced or maintained high levels of both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, offering a promising strategy for sustaining multifunctionality in the desert steppe.
{"title":"Grazing intensity shifts biodiversity drivers of ecosystem multifunctionality in a desert steppe","authors":"Xin Ju , Guodong Han , Xinli Chen , Zhongwu Wang , Zhiguo Li , Ton Bisseling , Iain Gordon , Qian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agee.2026.110255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive grazing can threaten biodiversity and reduce the capacity of grassland ecosystems to sustain multiple ecological functions, particularly in arid regions. How grazing intensity shapes biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, and their interrelationship remains poorly understood. Using a long-term grazing experiment in a desert steppe in northern China, we tested how grazing intensity (at four levels: no, light, moderate, and heavy grazing) affects above- and belowground biodiversity, ecosystem multifunctionality, and their relationship. We found that light grazing increased ecosystem multifunctionality, particularly aboveground multifunctionality. In contrast, moderate and heavy grazing reduced ecosystem multifunctionality, affecting both above- and belowground multifunctionality. For single ecosystem functions, light grazing enhanced productivity, whereas moderate and heavy grazing simultaneously suppressed productivity, carbon cycling, and nutrient supply functions. Notably, under no and light grazing conditions, ecosystem multifunctionality was primarily driven by aboveground diversity, with plant diversity playing a dominant role. In contrast, belowground diversity, especially soil bacterial diversity, became the primary driver of ecosystem multifunctionality under moderate and heavy grazing conditions. Therefore, our findings highlight that the strength and nature of the biodiversity-multifunctionality relationships are shaped by grazing intensity, and light grazing either enhanced or maintained high levels of both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, offering a promising strategy for sustaining multifunctionality in the desert steppe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7512,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment","volume":"400 ","pages":"Article 110255"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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