Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献

Canopy closure and litter management in coniferous plantation modulate the bacterial community to increase soil nitrogen mineralization and understory medicinal tuber yield 针叶林林冠关闭和凋落物管理调节细菌群落，提高土壤氮矿化和林下药用块茎产量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110308

Haotian Xue , Yefei Yu , Qianqian Zhang , Caixian Tang , Touqeer Abbas , Qiumei Teng , Yuqi Wang , Jinhui Luo , Yongchun Li

Forest canopy closure and litter management are critical factors regulating ecosystem processes, yet their interactive effects on soil nitrogen (N) cycling, microbial communities, and the production of understory tuberous medicinal plants remain elusive. This study investigated the impacts of varying canopy closure levels (low, medium, and high) and litter treatments (cover and removal) on these processes. Decreasing canopy closure significantly decreased soil moisture but increased soil temperature and net nitrification with canopy closure being a primary driver of N mineralization. Compared with litter cover, litter removal enhanced N mineralization and net ammonification only under high canopy closure. Canopy closure significantly altered microbial community composition by modifying soil temperature and moisture, whereas litter treatment had minor effects. Under low canopy closure, aerial stem length, rhizome length and tuber yield of understory medicinal herb Corydalis yanhusuo were 20 % – 42 %, 20 % – 61 %, and 156 % – 729 % higher than moderate and high canopy closures, respectively. Litter removal increased tuber yield only under low canopy closure. Structural equation modeling revealed that bacterial communities, particularly functionally important taxa, played a central role in N mineralization and plant productivity. These findings suggest that canopy closure, rather than litter treatment, predominantly regulates soil N mineralization and microbial functionality within forest ecosystems, highlighting the pivotal role of canopy closure in promoting plant productivity. This study underscores the importance of canopy management in enhancing N mineralization, regulating microbial community composition, and improving the productivity of understory medicinal herbs, thereby offering essential scientific support for sustainable forest management and the cultivation of medicinal crops.

林冠闭合和凋落物管理是调节生态系统过程的关键因素，但它们对土壤氮循环、微生物群落和林下块茎药用植物生产的交互作用尚不明确。研究了不同的冠层闭合水平（低、中、高）和凋落物处理（覆盖和去除）对这些过程的影响。冠层关闭程度的降低显著降低了土壤水分，但增加了土壤温度和净硝化，冠层关闭是氮矿化的主要驱动因素。与凋落物覆盖相比，凋落物去除只在冠层高度闭合的情况下提高了N矿化和净氨化作用。冠层封闭通过改变土壤温度和湿度显著改变微生物群落组成，而凋落物处理影响较小。低闭层条件下，林下药材燕尾草的地上茎长、根茎长和块茎产量分别比中度和高度闭层条件下高20 % ~ 42 %、20 % ~ 61 %和156 % ~ 729 %。凋落物清除只在低冠层闭合条件下增加块茎产量。结构方程模型表明，细菌群落，特别是具有重要功能的分类群，在氮矿化和植物生产力中起着核心作用。这些研究结果表明，在森林生态系统中，冠层封闭而不是凋落物处理对土壤氮矿化和微生物功能的调节起主要作用，突出了冠层封闭在促进植物生产力方面的关键作用。本研究强调了林冠管理在提高林下药材氮矿化、调节微生物群落组成、提高林下药材生产力等方面的重要作用，从而为森林可持续经营和药用作物种植提供重要的科学支持。

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引用次数: 0

Global meta-analysis reveals nutrient-dependent symbiosis: Perennial legumes gain microbial advantages under nitrogen/phosphorus enrichment 全球荟萃分析揭示营养依赖共生：多年生豆科植物在氮/磷富集下获得微生物优势

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110305

Hai-Xia Duan , Chong-Liang Luo , Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman , Sheng-Rong Chen , You-Cai Xiong

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia are crucial for plant growth, acting as key components of ecosystem sustainability. However, it remains unclear how these two plant symbionts interact in legumes in response to the addition of nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilizers to the soil. We conducted a global meta-analysis with 1644 independent observations to investigate this issue. The results indicated that inoculation with AMF and/or rhizobia significantly enhanced N and P uptake, biomass and yield in legumes. ‌In contrast, their co-inoculation notably enhanced nitrogenase activity, soil total N content, and organic matter content without altering soil pH. Co-inoculation generally exerted an additive effect on legume growth and yield, although perennial trees derived synergistic benefits. Specifically, perennial leguminous trees demonstrated synergistic growth benefits under co-inoculation conditions, achieving biomass yields exceeding the sum of single symbiont effects; however, annual leguminous crops and forages displayed additive effects of co-inoculation. Critically, N and P fertilization disrupted these symbioses when application rates exceeded certain thresholds. Sole N addition inhibited rhizobial nodulation, with plant growth-promoting effects shifting from positive to negative beyond approximately 90 kg N ha⁻¹ . P addition reduced AMF colonization, with yield benefits diminishing above 58 mg P kg⁻¹ . These results reveal distinct threshold-dependent pathways through which soil nutrient availability interferes with legume-microbe mutualisms. Our study provides the global evidence of AMF-rhizobia synergy for legume productivity and soil C-N cycling, coupled with mechanistic insights showing how N and P fertilizations differentially undermine these partnerships. The results advocate for optimized nutrient management to harness microbial symbioses in sustainable agriculture.

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和根瘤菌对植物生长至关重要，是生态系统可持续性的关键组成部分。然而，目前尚不清楚这两种植物共生体如何在豆科植物中对土壤中添加氮(N)或磷(P)肥料作出反应。我们进行了一项包含1644个独立观察结果的全球荟萃分析来调查这一问题。结果表明，接种AMF和/或根瘤菌可显著提高豆科植物对氮、磷的吸收、生物量和产量。相比之下，它们的共接种显著提高了氮酶活性、土壤全氮含量和有机质含量，而不改变土壤ph。虽然多年生树木获得了协同效益，但共接种通常对豆科植物的生长和产量产生了加性效应。具体而言，多年生豆科树木在共接种条件下表现出协同生长效益，生物量产量超过单一共生效应的总和；而一年生豆科作物与牧草共接种表现出加性效应。关键的是，当施氮量和施磷量超过一定阈值时，氮和磷的施用破坏了这些共生关系。单施氮抑制根瘤菌结瘤，促进植物生长的作用在大约90 kg N ha⁻¹ 以上由正向负转变。磷的添加减少了AMF的定植，产量效益在58 mg P kg⁻¹ 以上减少。这些结果揭示了不同的阈值依赖途径，通过土壤养分有效性干扰豆科植物-微生物的相互作用。我们的研究提供了amf -根瘤菌对豆科植物生产力和土壤C-N循环的协同作用的全球证据，以及显示氮和磷施肥如何不同地破坏这些伙伴关系的机制见解。结果表明，在可持续农业中应优化养分管理，以利用微生物共生。

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引用次数: 0

Plastic shed horticulture can sequestrate more than expected soil organic carbon 塑料棚园艺可以比预期的更多地固存土壤有机碳

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110274

Xiao Ma , Nazim Gruda , Kang Tian , Liying Wang , Ziliang Zhang , Ying Tang , Xun Li , Zengqiang Duan , Jinlong Dong

The high organic input rates and expanding coverage of China’s plastic shed horticulture suggest these soils represent a significant potential organic carbon pool. Using meta-analysis (22,403 plastic-sheds and 261 studies), we assessed soil organic matter (SOM) storage in plastic shed soils (0–20 cm depth) in China, and projected global organic carbon stocks. SOM concentration and its percentage increase relative to adjacent open-field soils rose significantly with cultivation time, stabilizing after ten years at 26.1 mg g⁻¹ and 85.6 %, respectively. SOM and organic carbon stocks increased by 45.7 % and 46.3 % on average, driven primarily by organic inputs averaging 74.1 t ha⁻¹. Estimated organic carbon stocks in Chinese plastic shed soils were 134.2–145.9 Tg C. Projections indicate high organic carbon stock potential by 2030 in India, Pakistan, Romania, Egypt, and Mexico. These findings identify plastic shed soils as a substantial reservoir for horticultural carbon neutrality. Optimizing organic input type and quantity, coupled with policy support on fertilization management, is recommended to enhance SOC sequestration.

中国塑料棚园艺的高有机投入率和不断扩大的覆盖范围表明，这些土壤是一个重要的潜在有机碳库。通过荟萃分析（22,403个塑料棚和261项研究），我们评估了中国塑料棚土壤（0-20 cm深度）的土壤有机质（SOM）储量，并预测了全球有机碳储量。随着栽培时间的延长，土壤中SOM浓度及其相对于邻近露地土壤的增幅显著增加，10年后稳定在26.1 mg g−1和85.6% %。土壤有机质和有机碳储量平均增加45.7% %和46.3% %，主要受平均74.1 t ha−1的有机投入的驱动。预计到2030年，印度、巴基斯坦、罗马尼亚、埃及和墨西哥的有机碳储量将达到134.2-145.9 Tg c。这些发现确定了塑料棚土是园艺碳中和的重要储存库。建议通过优化有机投入类型和数量，辅以施肥管理的政策支持，促进有机碳的固存。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating straw return with biodegradable film mulching reduces carbon footprint while increasing economic benefit in a garlic-rice rotation system 在大蒜-水稻轮作系统中，秸秆还田与生物可降解薄膜覆盖相结合可减少碳足迹，同时提高经济效益

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110278

Qian Chen , Naijuan Hu , Anmin Zhang , Jide Fan , Guang Han , Qian Zhang , Liqun Zhu , Hongwu Sun

Although the impacts of straw return (SR) and polyethylene (PE) film mulching on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been extensively studied, the carbon footprint (CF) and economic benefit of integrating SR with biodegradable film mulching (BM) in the warm-temperate semi-humid climate zone remain unclear. A two-year field experiment with six treatments [SR/non-return (NR) × no mulch (CK)/ PE film mulching (PM)/BM] in the garlic-rice rotation was developed. The CH₄ and N₂O were consecutively measured using the static chamber-gas chromatography method, and CF was performed by life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. Results showed that SR‑BM significantly enhanced CH₄ uptake and reduced N₂O emissions compared to NR‑CK, while SR-PM reduced CH₄ emissions but increased N₂O emissions. In terms of the life-cycle GHG emissions, SR-BM suppressed straw-induced GHG emissions by 39.6 %–43.9 % relative to NR treatments during the phase of waste disposal and achieved a 10.2 % reduction compared to SR-PM. Film mulching treatments significantly improved soil organic carbon sequestration (ΔSOC, 17.7 %–134.8 %), crop productivity (23.1 %–34.4 %), and economic benefits (37.2 %–63.7 %). Notably, SR-BM achieved the highest ΔSOC and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB), while exhibiting the lowest CF. Compared to NR-CK, SR-BM significantly increased ΔSOC and NEEB by 161.3 % and 16.0 %, respectively, and significantly reduced CF, yield-scaled CF, and economic-scaled CF by 41.3 %, 52.2 %, and 61.6 %, respectively. Therefore, the SR-BM achieves a “win-win” strategy that reducing CF and enhancing economic benefit in garlic-rice systems. This practice offers a reference for sustainable development of intensive agroecosystems in similar ecological zones.

虽然秸秆还田（SR）和聚乙烯（PE）膜覆盖对温室气体（GHG）排放的影响已被广泛研究，但在暖温带半湿润气候区，秸秆还田与生物降解膜覆盖相结合的碳足迹（CF）和经济效益尚不清楚。进行了为期2年的大蒜-水稻轮作6个处理[SR/不还田（NR） × 不覆盖(CK)/ PE膜覆盖(PM)/BM]的田间试验。采用静态气相色谱法连续测定CH4和N2O，采用生命周期评价（LCA）框架测定CF。结果表明，与NR - CK相比，SR- BM显著增加了CH4的吸收，减少了N2O的排放，而SR- pm减少了CH4的排放，但增加了N2O的排放。在生命周期温室气体排放方面，SR-BM在废物处理阶段比NR处理减少了39.6 % -43.9 %，比SR-PM减少了10. %。覆膜处理显著提高了土壤有机碳固存（ΔSOC, 17.7 % -134.8 %）、作物生产力（23.1 % -34.4 %）和经济效益（37.2 % -63.7 %）。值得注意的是，SR-BM的ΔSOC和净生态系统经济效益最高，而CF最低。与NR-CK相比，SR-BM的ΔSOC和净生态系统经济效益分别显著提高了161.3 %和16.0 %，CF、产量规模CF和经济规模CF分别显著降低了41.3 %、52.2% %和61.6 %。因此，SR-BM在大蒜-水稻系统中实现了减少CF和提高经济效益的“双赢”策略。这为类似生态区集约化农业生态系统的可持续发展提供了借鉴。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term manure addition restores soil microbial network complexity disrupted by chemical fertilization across 3 m soil profiles 长期添加粪肥可以恢复被化学施肥破坏的土壤微生物网络复杂性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110300

Yiwei Shang , Xiaotong Tang , Faisal Zaman , Xingjie Wu , Yifan Guo , Duo Liu , Jingjing Peng , Zhenling Cui

Fertilization with chemical fertilizers and manure compost plays a vital role in crop production and soil fertility, but also strongly influences soil microbial communities that underpin agroecosystem multifunctionality. However, most studies have focused on topsoil, and little is known about whether fertilization practices can penetrate deeper soil layers to shape subsoil microbial communities. Here, based on an 8-year field experiment, we explored how solely chemical fertilization (CF) and chemical fertilizer combined with manure compost (CFM) affect microbial diversity and co-occurrence networks across the 0–3 m soil profile, compared with no fertilizer application (CK). Our results showed that microbial alpha diversity was both affected by fertilization and soil depth, while beta diversity was primarily driven by depth. Compared with CK, both CF and CFM decreased bacterial alpha diversity in the topsoil but did not affect fungal and archaeal diversity. Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity declined with increasing soil depth. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, and moisture were the key drivers affecting microbial diversity and community structure. Fertilization substantially altered microbial co-occurrence networks in upper soil and subsoil. Both CF and CFM increased network modularity. Compared with CK, the network connectivity and positive associations were decreased by CF. However, such negative effects were restored by CFM. The abundance of network hubs was closely associated with soil properties, such as SOC, TN, C:N ratio, and pH. Overall, the results revealed the effects of fertilization and depth on soil microbial diversity and community composition and demonstrate that fertilization practice could extend effects to deep soil layers to affect subsoil microbial community interactions. Our study suggests that manure compost addition could benefit the rebuilding of healthy microbial association networks, and provides valuable insights into fertilization management towards building a healthy soil.

化肥和粪肥堆肥施肥在作物生产和土壤肥力中起着至关重要的作用，但也强烈影响支撑农业生态系统多功能性的土壤微生物群落。然而，大多数研究都集中在表土上，很少有人知道施肥是否可以穿透更深的土层来形成底土微生物群落。在此，基于8年的田间试验，我们探讨了单独施肥（CF）和化肥配粪肥堆肥（CFM）对0-3 m土壤剖面微生物多样性和共生网络的影响，与不施肥（CK）相比。结果表明：土壤肥力和土壤深度对微生物α多样性均有影响，而β多样性主要受土壤深度的影响。与对照相比，CF和CFM均降低了表层土壤细菌α多样性，但对真菌和古细菌多样性没有影响。细菌和真菌α多样性随土壤深度的增加而下降。土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）、pH和水分是影响微生物多样性和群落结构的主要驱动因素。施肥实质上改变了上层土壤和下层土壤的微生物共生网络。CF和CFM都增加了网络的模块化。与CK相比，CF降低了网络连通性和正关联，而CFM则恢复了这种负面影响。网络枢纽的丰度与土壤有机碳、全氮、碳氮比和ph等土壤性质密切相关。总体而言，研究结果揭示了施肥和深度对土壤微生物多样性和群落组成的影响，表明施肥实践可以延伸到深层土壤，影响土壤微生物群落的相互作用。我们的研究表明，添加粪肥堆肥有助于重建健康的微生物关联网络，并为构建健康土壤的施肥管理提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Altitude, agricultural disturbance intensity, soil biotic and abiotic factors jointly affect soil multifunctionality in mountain farmlands 海拔高度、农业干扰强度、土壤生物因子和非生物因子共同影响山地农田土壤的多功能性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110280

Keli Li , Mengying Li , Weidong Wang , Minmin Su , Pengcheng Liang , Yuancui Wang , Tengbing He , Ai Yuan

In recent years, although the terraced fields in the southwestern China’ mountainous areas have maintained traditional planting methods, the degree of agricultural intensification in intermountainous flatlands has been increasing. The mountainous farmland ecosystem is relatively fragile, making its soil functions susceptible to damage from environmental changes and human disturbances. However, the impact of agricultural disturbance intensity (ADI), soil abiotic and biotic factors on soil functions in mountain farmland ecosystems remains poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the effects of nine major planting patterns of flatland and mountainous areas on soil multifunctionality (SMF), soil microbial (fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea) diversity, network stability, and complexity in Rongjiang County, Guizhou Province, China. Variation partitioning analyses were employed to determine the relative importance of altitude, agricultural management, soil biotic, and abiotic factors on SMF. Additionally, structural equation models were utilized to identify the influence pathways and quantify the effect sizes of different factors on SMF. Our results indicated that the SMF in mountain farmlands was higher than that in most flatland farmlands, and the microbial diversity and richness in paddyfields were greater than those in drylands. Soil biota factors did not contribute the most significantly to SMF. Due to the opposite effects of ADI on soil microbial network complexity and SMF, this resulted in a negative correlation between the network complexity and SMF. Our research provides novel insights into the mechanisms sustaining SMF in ecologically fragile mountainous regions. The results suggest that reducing agricultural disturbance intensity and reshaping the soil microbial network are crucial for enhancing the SMF in this region.

近年来，西南山区梯田虽然保持了传统的种植方式，但山间平原的农业集约化程度不断提高。山地农田生态系统相对脆弱，土壤功能容易受到环境变化和人为干扰的破坏。然而，农业干扰强度（ADI）、土壤非生物因子和生物因子对山地农田生态系统土壤功能的影响尚不清楚。本研究以贵州省容江县为研究对象，研究了平原和山区9种主要种植模式对土壤多功能性（SMF）、土壤微生物（真菌、原生生物、细菌和古细菌）多样性、网络稳定性和复杂性的影响。采用变异分区分析确定海拔、农业管理、土壤生物和非生物因子对土壤土壤肥力的相对重要性。此外，利用结构方程模型确定了不同因素对SMF的影响途径，量化了不同因素对SMF的效应量。结果表明，山地农田的土壤微生物多样性高于大部分平原农田，水田的微生物多样性和丰富度高于旱地。土壤生物群因子对土壤土壤肥力的贡献不显著。由于ADI对土壤微生物网络复杂性和SMF的影响相反，导致网络复杂性与SMF呈负相关。我们的研究为生态脆弱山区SMF的维持机制提供了新的见解。研究结果表明，降低农业干扰强度和重塑土壤微生物网络是提高该地区土壤微生物多样性的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Nitrogen transfer in legume/non-legume intercropping systems: A global meta-analysis 豆科/非豆科间作系统的氮转移：一项全球荟萃分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110295

Chaoqun Chen , Liu Li , Shulan Wu , Bo Tang , Xueyong Pang , Chunying Yin

Global terrestrial ecosystems commonly experience soil nitrogen (N) deficiency. Legume/non-legume intercropping systems, utilizing the biological N fixation potential of legumes, represent a promising strategy to enhance resource use efficiency and agricultural sustainability. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 74 global studies (276 combinations) to evaluate the effects of intercropping on the growth of non-legume plants, soil properties, and N transfer. Results indicated that intercropping significantly increased non-legume productivity (yield by 33.13 % and total biomass by 21.14 %), and elevated soil N availability and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization. Interspecific N transfer in intercropping systems was confirmed as a key mechanism, the proportion of N transferred from legume varied from 0.54 % to 52.8 %, and the proportion of non-legume N derived from transfer was 0.07∼78.33 %. Their magnitudes were context-dependent, showing higher efficiency in field and forage systems than pot experiments. Crucially, management practices significantly regulated N transfer process. High legume planting proportions and AMF inoculation promoted N transfer while N fertilization suppressed it. In conclusion, legume/non-legume intercropping systems effectively promotes the growth of the non-legume crops by enhancing soil N availability and facilitating interspecific N transfer. Our meta-analysis provides scientific support for legume/non-legume intercropping as a sustainable approach to improve crop production.

全球陆地生态系统普遍存在土壤氮缺乏问题。利用豆科植物生物固氮潜力的豆科/非豆科间作系统是提高资源利用效率和农业可持续性的一种有前景的策略。本荟萃分析综合了74项全球研究（276个组合）的数据，以评估间作对非豆科植物生长、土壤性质和氮转移的影响。结果表明，间作显著提高了非豆科植物产量（产量提高33.13% %，总生物量提高21.14% %），提高了土壤氮有效性和丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）定植。间作系统种间氮转移是一个关键机制，豆科植物氮转移比例为0.54 % ~ 52.8 %，非豆科植物氮转移比例为0.07 ~ 78.33 %。它们的大小与环境有关，在田间和饲料系统中比在盆栽试验中表现出更高的效率。至关重要的是，管理实践显著调节了氮的转移过程。较高的豆科植物种植比例和AMF接种促进了氮的转移，而施氮抑制了氮的转移。综上所述，豆科/非豆科间作制度通过提高土壤氮素有效性和促进种间氮素转移，有效促进了非豆科作物的生长。我们的荟萃分析为豆科/非豆科作物间作作为可持续提高作物产量的方法提供了科学支持。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions from furrows and hills in a cotton-wheat-fallow rotation, Narrabri, Australia 澳大利亚纳拉布里，棉花-小麦-休耕轮作中犁沟和山丘排放的二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110187

B.C.T. Macdonald , Y.F. Chang , A. Nadelko , I. Rochester , D.L. Antille , S. Karunaratne , K. Gordon

This study investigates the emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O), from different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) in a cotton-wheat-fallow rotation system under irrigation in Narrabri, Australia. The research spans a two-year period and aims to understand the spatial variability of emissions and their relation to soil and atmospheric conditions. Nitrous oxide emissions during the cotton season averaged 2.07 ± 0.13 kg N₂O-N ha⁻¹, representing 0.86 % of applied inorganic N fertiliser nitrogen, with emissions occurring in hills and furrows due to nitrogen transport. Methane was consistently absorbed by the soil and contributed a small amount to the overall greenhouse gas budget. Carbon dioxide emissions were higher from furrows, while hills functioned as carbon sinks during cropping seasons. The rotation exhibited a net soil carbon loss of approximately 4.1 ± 0.5 t C ha⁻¹, indicating a need for management strategies to increase carbon inputs during fallow periods. Further, greenhouse gas measurements are required from all different soil positions (hill, skip furrow, irrigation furrow) as well as biophysical parameters. This is not only due to differences between each measurement location but also between the chamber and field measurement locations. Longer term measurements are required to improve the accuracy of emissions and carbon balance estimates.

本研究调查了澳大利亚Narrabri棉花-小麦-休耕轮作系统中不同土壤位置（丘陵、垄沟、灌溉沟）的温室气体、二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）的排放。该研究为期两年，旨在了解排放的空间变异性及其与土壤和大气条件的关系。棉花季氮氧化物排放量平均为2.07 ± 0.13 kg N2O-N ha - 1，占施用无机氮肥氮的0.86 %，由于氮的运输，排放发生在丘陵和犁沟中。甲烷一直被土壤吸收，对温室气体总量的贡献很小。犁沟的二氧化碳排放量更高，而丘陵在种植季节起着碳汇的作用。轮作土壤净碳损失约为4.1 ± 0.5 t C ha - 1，表明需要采取管理策略来增加休耕期的碳投入。此外，温室气体的测量需要从所有不同的土壤位置（小山、沟沟、灌溉沟）以及生物物理参数。这不仅是由于每个测量位置之间的差异，而且是由于腔室和现场测量位置之间的差异。为了提高排放和碳平衡估算的准确性，需要进行更长期的测量。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial metabolism regulates the stabilization of rhizodeposition-derived carbon in soil aggregates and mineral fractions under long-term tillage 长期耕作条件下，微生物代谢调节土壤团聚体和矿质组分中根沉降碳的稳定

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110306

Wen-Sheng Liu , Ben-Shun Liu , Zi-Ang Wang , Yong-Qiang Xu , Xin Zhao , Yash Pal Dang , Hai-Lin Zhang

Sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) is critical for climate change mitigation and long-term food security. Rhizodeposition represents a major carbon (C) input to SOC in agroecosystems, yet the microbial processes governing its stabilization within soil aggregate and mineral fractions remain poorly understood. Here, we combined ¹³C stable isotope tracing with high-throughput sequencing in a long-term tillage experiment comprising no-tillage (NTS), plow tillage (CTS), and rotary tillage (RTS). We quantify rhizodeposition-derived C flows into SOC fractions and evaluated how microbial functional traits mediate C stabilization under contrasting tillage regimes. No-tillage increased the proportion of newly formed mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) by 13 % and 11 % compared to CTS and RTS, respectively, during the maize season, indicating enhanced turnover stabilization efficiency. Rotary tillage promoted greater incorporation of rhizodeposition-derived ¹³C into macroaggregate with values 34 % and 56 % higher than CTS in wheat and maize seasons, respectively. Aggregate-scale C dynamics exhibited distinct seasonal patterns, with rhizodeposition-derived C declining with increasing aggregate size in wheat but peaked in microaggregates during maize. Tillage system and crop season strongly shaped microbial functional composition and nutrient limitations. Notably, NTS enriched C-cycling bacterial taxa that mediated the transfer of wheat rhizodeposition C into microaggregates. Overall, our results demonstrate that long-term tillage practices regulate rhizodeposition-derived C stabilization by altering microbial community structure and metabolic activity, thereby directing C into distinct SOC pools with contrasting persistence. These findings highlight the central role of microbial metabolism in linking tillage management to SOC sequestration and climate change mitigation.

固存土壤有机碳（SOC）对减缓气候变化和长期粮食安全至关重要。在农业生态系统中，根际沉积是碳(C)的主要输入来源，但控制土壤团聚体和矿物组分中碳稳定的微生物过程仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们将13C稳定同位素示踪与高通量测序相结合，进行了一项长期耕作试验，包括免耕（NTS）、犁耕（CTS）和旋转式耕作（RTS）。我们量化了根沉降产生的碳流入有机碳组分，并评估了不同耕作制度下微生物功能性状如何调节碳稳定。在玉米季，免耕比免耕和免耕分别提高了13 %和11 %的新形成矿物相关有机碳（MAOC）比例，表明免耕提高了周转量稳定效率。在小麦和玉米季节，轮作促进根沉降产生的13C更多地进入大团聚体，其值分别比轮作高34 %和56 %。团聚体尺度的碳动态表现出明显的季节特征，小麦根系沉积碳随团聚体大小的增加而下降，而玉米微团聚体的碳含量达到峰值。耕作制度和作物季节在很大程度上决定了微生物的功能组成和营养限制。值得注意的是，NTS富集了碳循环细菌类群，介导了小麦根沉积碳向微聚集体的转移。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，长期耕作通过改变微生物群落结构和代谢活性来调节根沉降产生的碳稳定，从而将碳引导到具有不同持久性的不同有机碳库中。这些发现强调了微生物代谢在将耕作管理与有机碳封存和减缓气候变化联系起来方面的核心作用。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term organic amendments for plant-available water capacity in a temperate no-till system 温带免耕系统中植物有效水分的长期有机修正

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110296

Md Nayem Hasan Munna, Rattan Lal

Plant-available water capacity (PAWC) is a key indicator of soil physical quality and water delivery. Yet, research data on these parameters from long-term field studies are scant. This study evaluated the legacy effects of organic amendments and cover cropping on PAWC and pore structure in an Alfisol under a 27-year no-till (NT) system in central Ohio, USA. Four treatments were examined: weedy fallow (no input), cover crop (annual and perennial ryegrass, red fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass), compost (15.3 Mg/ha/yr), and cow manure (23.3 Mg/ha/yr), arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil samples were collected in 2024 from four replicated plots per treatment at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. Volumetric water content was determined at eight matric suctions using tension tables and pressure plate extractors, with three cores per plot analyzed separately and averaged for plot-level analyses (n = 4 per treatment and depth). PAWC was calculated as the difference between water content at field capacity (pF 2.5) and permanent wilting point (pF 4.2). Manure-treated soils exhibited the highest PAWC in the 0–20 cm layer (5.14 ± 1.31 cm), while fallow had the highest in 20–40 cm (5.88 ± 1.04 cm). Water content at pF 1.8 ranged from 44.4 ± 0.8 % (manure) to 35.8 ± 2.0 % (cover crop) in surface soil. Fallow showed the steepest dθ/dpF curves (R² = 0.97–0.98, p < 0.01), indicating rapid drainage, while manure-treated soil had broader curves suggesting sustained delivery. Compost-treated soils had weaker model fits (R² = 0.32–0.54, p > 0.05), suggesting occluded mesoporosity. PAWC was strongly correlated with storage pores (R² = 0.94–0.92, p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling showed that storage pores mediate the effects of soil physical properties on PAWC, with bulk density acting as the primary constraint on water availability in surface soil. These findings highlight the legacy effects of organic inputs, particularly manure, on mesoporosity, PAWC, and soil hydrologic function under long-term NT management.

植物有效水量（PAWC）是土壤物理质量和水分输送的重要指标。然而，从长期的实地研究中获得的关于这些参数的研究数据很少。在美国俄亥俄州中部27年免耕（NT）制度下，研究了有机肥改良和覆盖种植对Alfisol土壤PAWC和孔隙结构的影响。4个处理：杂草休耕（无投入）、覆盖作物（一年生和多年生黑麦草、红羊茅和肯塔基蓝草）、堆肥（15.3 Mg/ha/yr）和牛粪（23.3 Mg/ha/yr），采用随机完全区组设计，设4个重复。2024年，每个处理在0-20 cm和20-40 cm深度的4个重复样地采集土壤样品。使用张力表和压力板提取器在8个基质抽吸处测定体积含水量，每个地块分别分析3个岩心，并在地块水平分析中取平均值（每个处理和深度n = 4）。PAWC计算为田间容量含水量（pF 2.5）与永久萎蔫点（pF 4.2）之差。耕作土壤PAWC在0 ~ 20 cm层最高（5.14±1.31 cm），休耕土壤PAWC在20 ~ 40 cm层最高（5.88±1.04 cm）。pF 1.8下表层土壤含水量为44.4 ± 0.8 %（粪便）~ 35.8 ± 2.0 %（覆盖作物）。休耕土壤的dθ/dpF曲线最陡（R²= 0.97-0.98,p <； 0.01），表明排水迅速，而粪肥处理土壤的曲线较宽，表明排水持续。堆肥处理土壤的模型拟合较弱（R²= 0.32-0.54,p >； 0.05），表明介孔被封闭。PAWC与储孔隙呈显著正相关（R²= 0.94-0.92,p <； 0.001）。结构方程模型表明，土壤孔隙调节了土壤物理性质对PAWC的影响，其中容重是表层土壤水分有效性的主要制约因素。这些发现强调了有机投入，特别是粪便，在长期NT管理下对介孔、PAWC和土壤水文功能的遗留效应。

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引用次数: 0