Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献_第5页

Soil mineral-associated organic matter under conventional and no-till farming: Spatial drivers and local-scale mapping 常规耕作和免耕耕作下土壤矿物相关有机质：空间驱动因素和局部尺度制图

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110207

Sofia Sushko , Yury Dvornikov , Svetlana Neprimerova , Kristina Ivashchenko , Anna Yudina , Antonina Grigorova , Nune Kovaleva , Ludmila Orlova , Chunsheng Hu

Optimizing long-term soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration requires a mechanistic understanding of spatial variability and drivers of stable carbon pools. This study quantified the responses of stable mineral-associated (MAOM) and labile particulate organic matter (POM) to contrasting management systems in a commercial agricultural setting, identified key environmental drivers, and developed predictive spatial models. The study was conducted on Chernozem soils (291 ha) in the Russian forest-steppe ecotone, comparing a conventional tillage (CT) system (sunflower-wheat) with two no-tillage (NT) systems (soybean-sunflower-wheat) established for 5 and 8 years. NT systems received moderate nitrogen inputs (21–34 kg N ha⁻¹ annually), whereas CT received none. Ninety soil samples (0–10 cm) were analyzed using particle-size fractionation, microbial approach, X-ray diffraction and statistical modeling. NT had significantly increased MAOM (22–27 %) while decreasing POM (9–23 %) compared to CT. MAOM increased with MBC and dolomite content, but decreased with quartz content in silt-clay fraction (16 %, 8 % and 11 % of explained variance, respectively), underscoring microbial-mineral stabilization pathways. In contrast, POM variability was poorly predicted by soil microbial and mineral properties. Gradient boosting machine models integrating remote sensing indices with soil properties (SOC, MBC, quartz) achieved high predictive accuracy for both MAOM (R² = 0.77) and POM (R² = 0.73), enabling farm-scale mapping of these pools. Our results demonstrate that short-term NT, coupled with soybean inclusion and N fertilization can enhance SOC stability within a relatively short timeframe through microbial mediation. The integration of soil and remote sensing data offers a powerful framework for targeted SOC management and landscape-scale sequestration strategies in temperate agroecosystems, with potential relevance for other regions.

优化土壤有机碳（SOC）长期固存需要对稳定碳库的空间变异性和驱动因素进行机制理解。本研究量化了稳定矿物相关物质（MAOM）和不稳定颗粒物有机物质（POM）对商业农业环境中不同管理制度的响应，确定了关键的环境驱动因素，并建立了预测空间模型。本研究在俄罗斯森林-草原交错带黑土（291 ha）上进行，比较了建立5年和8年的常规耕作（CT）系统（向日葵-小麦）和两种免耕（NT）系统（大豆-向日葵-小麦）。NT系统得到适度的氮输入（每年21-34 kg N ha⁻¹），而CT系统没有得到。采用粒度分馏法、微生物法、x射线衍射法和统计模型对90个土壤样品（0-10 cm）进行了分析。与CT相比，NT显著增加了MAOM(22-27 %)，降低了POM（9-23 %）。在粉粘土组分中，MAOM随MBC和白云石含量的增加而增加，而随石英含量的增加而减少（分别占解释方差的16 %、8 %和11 %），强调了微生物-矿物稳定途径。相比之下，土壤微生物和矿物性质对POM变异的预测效果较差。结合遥感指标与土壤性质（SOC， MBC, quartz）的梯度增强机器模型对MAOM （R²= 0.77）和POM （R²= 0.73）的预测精度都很高，从而实现了这些池的农场尺度映射。我们的研究结果表明，短期NT加上大豆包裹体和氮肥可以通过微生物介导在相对较短的时间内提高土壤有机碳的稳定性。土壤和遥感数据的整合为温带农业生态系统中有针对性的有机碳管理和景观尺度的封存策略提供了一个强大的框架，对其他地区具有潜在的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Differential impacts of tea-woody plant intercropping patterns on the status of soil organic carbon, macronutrients and metallic nutrients 茶树间作模式对土壤有机碳、常量养分和金属养分状况的差异影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110197

Dan Wang , Yuhua Liang , Benjuan Liu , Rui Cao , Shiquan Chen , Hanhui Xu , Wanqin Yang

To mitigate soil degradation while maintaining agricultural productivity and enhancing tea quality and economic returns, agroforestry practices involving intercropping tea with fruit trees or legumes are increasingly adopted. Although the impacts of fruit/legumes-tea intercropping on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, nutrient cycling, and economic outputs are well-documented, the effects of tea-woody plant intercropping configurations on SOC and nutrient status remain less explored. To address this gap, we systematically evaluated the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of SOC and macronutrients and metallic nutrients in 0–30 cm soil profiles (0–10 cm topsoil; 10–30 cm subsoil) under four tea-woody plant intercropping systems: tea-waxberry, tea-persimmon, tea-broad-leaved trees, and tea-deciduous cypress. A Soil Nutrient Status Index (SNSI) was developed to comprehensively evaluate soil nutrient conditions. Results indicated that intercropping generally enhanced SNSI. All intercropping systems increased total potassium (TK) (by 12–19 % in subsoil) but reduced total nitrogen (TN) levels, except in the subsoil under tea-deciduous cypress system. Tea-broad-leaved tree systems promoted substantial SOC accumulation (153 % increase compared to monoculture tea plantations) but induced severe nitrogen (N) limitation by escalating C:N ratio in topsoil. Tea-deciduous cypress intercropping improved SOC and total phosphorus (STP) concentrations but led to potassium (K) deficiencies, as indicated by reduced K:N and K:P ratios. Tea -waxberry intercropping substantially elevated metallic nutrients (Ca, Na, Mg, Mn) by 2–19-fold but decreased SOC and TN concentrations. Increased K:N and K:P ratios under most intercropping systems suggests K enrichment, yet exacerbating N:P imbalances. Metallic nutrients exhibited strong intercorrelations, with tea-waxberry system enhancing Mg:Zn and Na:Cu ratios. Subsoil layers exhibited stronger nutrient correlations than topsoil, indicating distinct biogeochemical processes. The study highlights trade-offs among intercropping systems: tea-broad-leaved tree intercropping supports carbon sequestration but requires N supplementation; tea-waxberry intercropping boosts metallic nutrients but reduces SOC stocks; and tea-deciduous cypress intercropping risks K deficiency. These findings underscore the necessity for context-specific intercropping strategies coupled with precision nutrient management to achieve balanced soil health and sustainable tea production, and provide deep insights for optimizing agroforestry practices in tea-growing regions.

为了缓解土壤退化，同时保持农业生产力，提高茶叶质量和经济效益，越来越多地采用了将茶叶与果树或豆类间作的农林业做法。虽然水果/豆类-茶叶间作对土壤有机碳动态、养分循环和经济产出的影响已有文献记录，但茶树间作对土壤有机碳和养分状况的影响尚不清楚。为了解决这一差距，我们系统地评估了4种茶树间作系统：茶杨梅、茶柿子、茶阔叶树和茶落叶柏树0-30 cm土壤剖面（0-10 cm表层土；10-30 cm底土）中有机碳、宏量营养素和金属营养素的浓度和化学计量比。建立了土壤养分状况指数（SNSI），对土壤养分状况进行综合评价。结果表明，间作总体上提高了SNSI。所有间作制度都增加了土壤全钾（TK）（提高了12 - 19% %），但降低了土壤全氮（TN）水平，除了茶树落叶柏树制度。茶树系统促进了大量的有机碳积累（与单一茶园相比增加了153 %），但由于表层土壤C:N比的升高，导致了严重的氮(N)限制。茶树间作改善了土壤有机碳和总磷（STP）浓度，但导致钾(K)缺乏，表现为K:N和K:P比值降低。茶杨梅间作使金属元素（Ca、Na、Mg、Mn）含量提高了2 ~ 19倍，但降低了有机碳和全氮浓度。在大多数间作制度下，K:N和K:P比值的增加表明钾富集，但加剧了N:P不平衡。金属营养元素表现出较强的相关性，茶杨梅体系提高了Mg:Zn和Na:Cu比值。下层土壤的养分相关性强于表层土壤，表明不同的生物地球化学过程。该研究强调了间作系统之间的权衡：茶阔叶树间作支持碳固存，但需要补充氮；茶杨梅间作增加了金属营养，但减少了有机碳储量；间作茶落叶柏树存在缺钾风险。这些发现强调了因地制宜的间作策略与精确的养分管理相结合的必要性，以实现平衡的土壤健康和可持续的茶叶生产，并为优化茶叶种植区的农林业实践提供了深刻的见解。

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引用次数: 0

From roots to residues: Tracing contrasting pathways of carbon incorporation into soil organic matter of a Mediterranean agricultural trial 从根到残：地中海农业试验中碳与土壤有机质结合的对比路径

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110179

Layla M. San-Emeterio , Ian D. Bull , Jens Holtvoeth , Rafael López-Núñez , José A. González-Pérez

Mediterranean agricultural soils are characterized by low organic matter content and high mineralization rates, making carbon stabilization a particular challenge. Here, we combined lipid biomarker analysis with compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) to trace the incorporation of maize-derived C following a crop switch from wheat (C₃) to maize (C₄). Two treatments were compared: (A) biomass+root inputs and (B) root-only inputs. Within 21 months, significant enrichment in δ¹³C was detected across compound classes, with long-chain n-alkanes, hydroxy acids and sterols showing increases of + 3 to + 6 ‰, especially in the upper 5 cm, while unsaturated fatty acids displayed minor contributions (< 1 ‰) due to rapid turnover. Aboveground residue inputs (treatment A) enhanced microbial assimilation of maize carbon in surface soils, leading to fast but short-lived incorporation, consistent with shorter bulk SOC mean residence times (MRT) of ca. 15 days compared to the root-only treatment (ca. 28 days). In contrast, root-derived inputs (treatment B) contributed to more persistent pools at depth, where bulk SOC MRTs increased up to 30 days and suberin-derived biomarkers showed pronounced environment. Bulk SOM δ¹³C showed smaller changes (< 1 ‰) than individual compounds, underscoring the value of CSIA for capturing short-term dynamics. These results demonstrate the complementary roles of aboveground residues and roots in shaping SOC turnover and stabilization. In Mediterranean soils with inherently low organic matter stability, residue management strongly mediates both the amount and persistence of new carbon, with implications for developing residue-management strategies that enhance potential pathways towards carbon stabilization in fragile Mediterranean agroecosystems.

地中海农业土壤的特点是有机质含量低，矿化率高，使碳稳定成为一个特别的挑战。在这里，我们结合脂质生物标志物分析和化合物特异性稳定同位素分析（CSIA）来追踪从小麦（C3）到玉米（C4）作物转换后玉米来源的C的加入。比较了两种处理：(A)生物量+根系投入和(B)仅根系投入。在21个月内，在化合物类别中都检测到δ13C的显著富集，长链正构烷烃、羟基酸和甾醇的δ13C增加了+ 3至+ 6 ‰，特别是在上面5 cm处，而不饱和脂肪酸由于快速转化而贡献较小（< 1 ‰）。地上残茬（处理A）增强了表层土壤中玉米碳的微生物同化，导致快速但短暂的掺入，与仅根处理（约28天）相比，块状有机碳平均停留时间（MRT）约为15天一致。相比之下，根系来源的输入（处理B）有助于在深层形成更持久的池，其中大块SOC mrt增加了30天，并且根源生物标志物显示明显的环境。整体SOM δ13C的变化幅度小于单个化合物（< 1 ‰），强调了CSIA在捕捉短期动态方面的价值。这些结果表明，地上残体和根系在形成土壤有机碳的转化和稳定方面具有互补作用。在有机物质稳定性固有较低的地中海土壤中，残留物管理对新碳的数量和持久性都有很强的调节作用，这对制定残留物管理战略，增强脆弱的地中海农业生态系统中碳稳定的潜在途径具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Scale-dependent effects of honeybee abundance on Lima bean pollination and yield 蜜蜂丰度对利马豆授粉和产量的规模依赖效应

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110200

María Virginia Chirilá , Andrés Tálamo , Natacha P. Chacoff , Diego P. Vázquez

High pollinator abundance can hinder crop productivity due to accumulated reproductive costs associated with repeated visits. We combined observational and experimental approaches across flower, plant, and field scales to evaluate how honeybee (Apis mellifera) abundance affects the pollination service, net reproductive benefit, and crop yield in Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Natural pollination resulted in lower fruit and seed set than optimal hand cross-pollination, indicating a limitation in the pollination service at the plant level. At the flower scale, net reproductive benefit increased asymptotically with increasing visits, driven primarily by increased fruit set, with no detectable change in seed set. In contrast, crop yield at the field scale declined linearly with increasing honeybee visitation, with each additional 1.2 increase in visits per flower per hour reducing seed production by 21 %. Overall, our results indicate that high honeybee abundance can constrain Lima bean reproduction and yield. Furthermore, these findings underscore the need for pollination studies to use standardized, multi-scale approaches to accurately assess and manage the impact of this superabundant pollinator in agroecosystems.

传粉者数量过多会阻碍作物生产力，因为与重复访问相关的累积繁殖成本。本研究结合花、植物和田间尺度的观察和实验方法，评估了蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）丰度如何影响利马豆（Phaseolus lunatus）的授粉服务、净繁殖效益和作物产量。自然授粉导致果实和种子的结实率低于最佳人工异花授粉，表明授粉服务在植物水平上存在局限性。在花尺度上，净生殖效益随着访花次数的增加而逐渐增加，主要是由于坐果量的增加，而坐果量没有明显的变化。相比之下，田间作物产量随着蜜蜂访花次数的增加呈线性下降，每花每小时访花次数每增加1.2次，种子产量就会减少21. %。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，高蜜蜂丰度会限制利马豆的繁殖和产量。此外，这些发现强调了授粉研究需要使用标准化、多尺度的方法来准确评估和管理这种过剩的传粉媒介对农业生态系统的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Soil health indicator variability and management sensitivity across soils, bioregions, and agricultural systems 跨土壤、生物区域和农业系统的土壤健康指标变异性和管理敏感性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110203

Katherine A. Dynarski , Ekundayo Adeleke , R. Louis Baumhardt , Joseph Burke , Tiffany Carter , Paul DeLaune , Huijie Gan , Julie Grossman , Josh Heitman , Divya Kandanool , Katie Lewis , Katherine Naasko , Regina O’Kelley , Deanna Osmond , Sharon Perrone , Deann Presley , Alexis Racelis , Haiying Tao , Peter Tomlinson , Laura Starr , Skye A. Wills

Soil health indicators inherently vary across soils and landscapes due to soil-forming factors unrelated to land management and thus should be interpreted in pedogenic-specific contexts. Dynamic Soil Properties for Soil Health (DSP4SH) is a nationwide effort organized by United States Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service to evaluate the inclusion of soil health indicators in soil survey mapping products. Twelve chemical, biological, and physical soil health indicators were measured with consistent methodologies across a wide range of soil types, bioregions, and agricultural production systems. We found significant variability in soil health indicators corresponding with soil taxonomic suborder, supporting the importance of context-specific soil health benchmarks. Relative values of all soil health indicators differed significantly between perennial reference ecosystems and agricultural systems, and about half of the indicators examined (soil organic carbon, autoclaved-citrate extractable [ACE] protein, permanganate-oxidizable carbon, β-glucosidase activity, and arylsulfatase activity), were also significantly higher in soil health management agricultural systems compared to conventional agricultural systems. Aggregate stability, soil respiration, and enzyme activities exhibited the most variability between project locations. We found that ACE protein was highly sensitive to management and strongly correlated with soil organic carbon and warrants further investigation as a soil health indicator. Surprisingly, arylsulfatase activity exhibited the largest overall effect size, as well as greater observed management sensitivity in warmer, drier sites. However, additional research into method replicability and interpretation is needed for either metric to be suitable for soil survey adoption.

由于与土地管理无关的土壤形成因素，土壤健康指标在土壤和景观之间存在固有的差异，因此应在土壤形成的具体背景下进行解释。土壤健康动态土壤特性（DSP4SH）是由美国农业部自然资源保护局组织的一项全国性努力，目的是评估将土壤健康指标纳入土壤调查制图产品的情况。在广泛的土壤类型、生物区域和农业生产系统中，采用一致的方法测量了12项化学、生物和物理土壤健康指标。我们发现土壤健康指标与土壤分类亚目相对应的显著差异，支持特定环境土壤健康基准的重要性。所有土壤健康指标的相对值在多年生参考生态系统和农业系统之间存在显著差异，并且土壤健康管理农业系统中约一半的指标（土壤有机碳、蒸压柠檬酸盐可提取[ACE]蛋白、高锰酸盐可氧化碳、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性和芳基硫酸盐酶活性）也显著高于传统农业系统。团聚体稳定性、土壤呼吸和酶活性在不同的项目地点表现出最大的差异。结果表明，ACE蛋白对管理高度敏感，且与土壤有机碳具有较强的相关性，作为土壤健康指标值得进一步研究。令人惊讶的是，芳基硫酸盐酶活性表现出最大的总体效应大小，以及在温暖干燥的地点观察到的更大的管理敏感性。然而，需要对方法的可重复性和解释进行进一步的研究，以使任何一种度量方法适合土壤调查的采用。

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引用次数: 0

Responses of plant productivity and soil nutrient concentration to different levels of semi-arid grassland degradation 植物生产力和土壤养分浓度对不同程度半干旱草地退化的响应

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110198

Yajun Zhou , Limin Duan , Jianying Guo , Denghua Yan , Yingjie Wu , Yixuan Wang , Huade Guan , Okke Batelaan , Tingxi Liu

Accurately assessing grassland health necessitates quantifying changes in plant community diversity and soil physicochemical properties during the successional processes of vegetation degradation and restoration. This study classified degradation into three stages (light, moderate, and heavy) and restoration into two stages (enclosure ≤5 years and enclosure >5 years). We conducted a quantitative assessment of vegetation characteristics and the dynamics of soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus across different degradation and restoration stages, utilizing 30 pairs of grazed and exclosure control plots across the watershed. Our results revealed significant variations in vegetation cover and species richness along the degradation and restoration gradients. Aboveground biomass and vegetation cover declined progressively with increasing degradation intensity. Soil nutrients, including SOC, TN, and TP, exhibited a pronounced "surface accumulation" pattern, with the highest concentrations in the topsoil (0–10 cm). Significant differences in SOC, TN, and TP were observed among degradation stages in surface soils, while bulk density (BD) and pH values showed relatively little variation. Soil water content and TP differed significantly in the topsoil among restoration stages. Enclosure enhanced aboveground biomass and species richness, but species diversity declined when enclosure duration exceeded five years. Although soil nutrient contents changed after enclosure, the relative rates of change in soil stoichiometry remained largely unchanged. These findings highlight the importance of integrating vegetation and soil parameters for a comprehensive assessment of grassland health and restoration effectiveness.

准确评价草地健康状况需要量化植被退化和恢复演替过程中植物群落多样性和土壤理化性质的变化。本研究将退化分为轻度、中度和重度3个阶段，将恢复分为2个阶段（圈闭≤5年和圈闭>；5年）。利用流域内30对放牧和围封对照样地，对不同退化和恢复阶段的植被特征和土壤碳、氮、磷动态进行了定量评价。研究结果表明，植被覆盖度和物种丰富度在退化和恢复梯度上存在显著差异。随着退化强度的增加，地上生物量和植被盖度逐渐下降。土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷均表现出明显的“表层积累”模式，其中表层土壤（0 ~ 10 cm）含量最高。表层土壤有机碳、全氮和总磷在不同退化阶段差异显著，容重和pH值变化相对较小。不同修复阶段表层土壤水分含量和全磷含量差异显著。封育提高了地上生物量和物种丰富度，但封育时间超过5年后物种多样性下降。虽然封育后土壤养分含量发生了变化，但土壤化学计量的相对变化率基本保持不变。这些发现强调了整合植被和土壤参数对草地健康和恢复效果综合评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing crop productivity and soil microbial functions through strategic peanut-based multi-cycle rotation strip intercropping 以花生为基础的多周期轮作带状间作提高作物生产力和土壤微生物功能

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110209

Qiqi Dong , Yang Yuan , Zecheng He , Mingze Liu , Dongying Zhou , Penghao Yu , Ziwen Li , Yuanming Lu , Xinkai Hu , Xiaoguang Wang , Chunji Jiang , Xibo Liu , Shuli Zhao , Jing Wang , Chao Zhong , He Zhang , Shuli Kang , Xinhua Zhao , Haiqiu Yu

Rotation strip intercropping of maize and peanut (RMP) is a sustainable agricultural practice that mitigates global climate change challenges and ensure food security. However, the effects of peanut-based multi-cycle RMP on crop yields and rhizosphere microecological dynamics remain underexplored. Here, a four-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate different rotation cycles impacts of RMP 16:8 (16-row maize and 8-row peanut) and RMP 8:8 (8-row maize and 8-row peanut) on crop yield and rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, and microbial functional dynamics. In RMP (16:8) and RMP (8:8), maize yields increased by 32.03 % and 33.13 %, while peanut yields rose by 4.11 % and 5.29 %, respectively. Additionally, under RMP (8:8), rhizosphere soil nutrient content and enzyme activities improved significantly, ranging from 10.22 % to 42.81 % and 14.50–45.50 %, respectively. Metagenomic analyses revealed that the relative abundances of C (folA and mxaF), N (nirK, ureC, narC, and nasA), and P (pstS and cmk) cycling functional genes, along with microorganisms such as Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Nitrosopira, and Burkholderia, were closely associated with improved soil properties. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further demonstrated that genus-level microorganisms indirectly affected soil enzyme activities via C, N, and P cycling genes, while soil enzyme activities positively influenced plant nutrient accumulation and yield through enhanced soil nutrient contents. This study highlights the potential of peanut-based multi-cycle RMP to enhance crop productivity and soil microbial functions, providing a theoretical foundation for improving soil health and advancing sustainable agricultural practices.

玉米花生轮作带状间作（RMP）是一种可持续的农业做法，可缓解全球气候变化挑战并确保粮食安全。然而，以花生为基础的多周期RMP对作物产量和根际微生态动态的影响尚不充分。通过4年的田间试验，研究了不同轮作周期RMP 16:8（16行玉米+ 8行花生）和RMP 8:8（8行玉米+ 8行花生）对作物产量、根际土壤理化性质和微生物功能动态的影响。在RMP（16:8）和RMP（8:8）处理下，玉米产量分别提高32.03 %和33.13 %，花生产量分别提高4.11 %和5.29 %。RMP（8:8）处理显著提高了根际土壤养分含量和酶活性，分别为10.22 % ~ 42.81 %和14.50 ~ 45.50 %。宏基因组分析显示，C （folA和mxaF）、N （nirK、ureC、narC和nasA）和P （pstS和cmk）循环功能基因的相对丰度，以及缓生根瘤菌、鞘氨单胞菌、亚硝酸菌和伯克霍尔德菌等微生物的相对丰度与土壤性状的改善密切相关。结构方程模型（SEM）进一步表明，属级微生物通过C、N、P循环基因间接影响土壤酶活性，而土壤酶活性通过提高土壤养分含量而正向影响植物养分积累和产量。本研究强调了花生基多循环RMP在提高作物生产力和土壤微生物功能方面的潜力，为改善土壤健康和推进可持续农业实践提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Litter manipulation alters the belowground bud bank and aboveground shoot density in a temperate grassland 凋落物处理改变了温带草地地下芽库和地上芽密度

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110189

Jianqiang Qian , Jiatai Tian , Xiangyuan Zheng , Dongmei Li , F. Curtis Lubbe , Dan Liu , Junjie Yang , Jirong Cao , Qibing Wang , Zhiming Zhang

Global change and anthropogenic disturbance profoundly modify the quantity of litter accumulation, which potentially affects plant growth and population regeneration in grassland ecosystems. As the primary source of population regeneration in perennial grasslands, belowground bud banks are vital for regulating community dynamics and ecosystem functions in response to environmental changes and disturbances. However, the responses of belowground bud banks and their interactions with aboveground vegetation to litter accumulation in temperate grasslands remain poorly understood. We conducted a long-term (2011–2022) litter manipulation experiment in a temperate semiarid grassland and quantified bud density, shoot density, and the ratio of bud to shoot density (representing the meristem limitation index-MLI) at the plant community level and in different functional groups: rhizomatous and bunchgrasses. We found that bud density at the plant community level increased with litter removal in relation to litter accumulation. Litter removal significantly increased shoot density compared to ambient conditions and litter addition. The MLI was significantly higher with 100 % litter addition than under litter removal. While litter manipulation had no significant effects on the clonal traits of rhizomatous grasses, it markedly affected the bud density, shoot density, and MLI of bunchgrasses. These findings both underscore the importance of grassland management practices in reducing excessive litter accumulation to promote population regeneration via belowground bud banks and highlight the necessity of adopting functional group-specific approaches in grassland restoration and management.

全球变化和人为干扰深刻地改变了凋落物的数量，从而潜在地影响草地生态系统的植物生长和种群更新。作为多年生草地种群更新的主要来源，地下芽库在调节群落动态和生态系统功能以应对环境变化和干扰方面具有重要作用。然而，温带草原地下芽库及其与地上植被的相互作用对凋落物积累的响应尚不清楚。在温带半干旱草地上进行了长期（2011-2022）凋落物处理试验，在植物群落水平和不同功能群（根状草和束状草）上量化了芽密度、芽密度和芽/梢密度比（代表分生组织限制指数- mli）。在群落水平上，芽密度随凋落物清除量的增加而增加。与环境条件和添加凋落物相比，去除凋落物显著增加了芽密度。添加100% %凋落物的MLI显著高于去除凋落物的MLI。凋落物处理对根状禾本科无性系性状无显著影响，但对束状禾本科芽密度、芽密度和MLI有显著影响。这些发现都强调了草地管理措施在减少过度凋落物积累和通过地下芽库促进种群更新方面的重要性，并强调了在草地恢复和管理中采取针对功能群体的方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying soil organic matter stock distribution and origin following over a century of maize-based cropping in the former tallgrass prairie region of central USA 美国中部原高草草原地区一个多世纪玉米种植后土壤有机质储量分布和来源的定量分析

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110195

Yuhei Nakayama , Michael D. Masters , Evan H. DeLucia , Andrew J. Margenot

Tallgrass prairie conversion to maize-based agriculture in central North America has resulted in substantial loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) in less than two centuries. However, evaluations of how management practices may mitigate SOC losses are generally limited in soil depth and/or duration, missing long-term SOC stock outcomes that manifest over timescales of decades or longer. To address this, we sampled soils in year 145 of the Morrow Plots experiment to (i) evaluate effects of crop rotation and fertility management on SOC stocks and (ii) distinguish prairie- versus maize-derived SOC after continuous maize cropping since 1876 using stable carbon isotope (¹³C) natural abundance. Soil organic carbon stock by equivalent soil mass (ESM) was + 30.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ (+31.7 %) higher under maize-oat-alfalfa than continuous maize, but similar between maize-soybean and continuous maize. NPK fertilization and manuring did not influence SOC stocks by ESM. Response of SOC stocks at 15 cm depth intervals to NPK fertilization varied by depth and crop rotation, with lower SOC stocks at 30–45 cm under continuous maize and maize-soybean. Maize-derived C ranged 19.5–59.6 % of SOC stock across depths, indicating the majority of SOC was still derived from tallgrass prairie even after 145 years of continuous maize cropping. Our results confirm the potential of diversified crop rotation for minimizing SOC losses relative to tallgrass prairie at the supracentennial scale, and highlight the importance of relic prairie soil organic matter for future crop production in central North America.

在不到两个世纪的时间里，北美中部的高草草原向玉米农业的转变导致了土壤有机碳（SOC）的大量损失。然而，对管理实践如何减轻有机碳损失的评估通常仅限于土壤深度和/或持续时间，而忽略了在几十年或更长时间尺度上表现出来的长期有机碳储量结果。为了解决这个问题，我们在Morrow Plots试验的第145年对土壤进行了采样，以(i)评估作物轮作和肥力管理对有机碳储量的影响，（ii）利用稳定碳同位素（13C）自然丰度区分自1876年以来连续种植玉米后草原和玉米产生的有机碳。玉米-燕麦-苜蓿的土壤有机碳储量（ESM）比连作玉米高+ 30.7 Mg C ha - 1(+31.7 %)，玉米-大豆和连作玉米的土壤有机碳储量基本相同。氮磷钾施肥和施肥对土壤有机碳储量没有影响。15 cm深度土壤有机碳储量对氮磷钾施肥的响应因深度和轮作而异，玉米和玉米-大豆连作下30 ~ 45 cm土壤有机碳储量较低。玉米来源的碳在各深度的碳储量中占19.5 ~ 59.6 %，表明即使连续种植145年玉米，大部分碳仍来自高草草原。我们的研究结果证实了多样化轮作在减少高草草原土壤有机碳损失方面的潜力，并强调了北美中部残留草原土壤有机质对未来作物生产的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

European hares as bioindicators of glyphosate exposure: A multi-year assessment of urinary residues 欧洲野兔作为草甘膦暴露的生物指标：对尿液残留物的多年评估

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110191

Jakub Hruška , Tomáš Chuman , Hans-Wolfgang Hoppe , Jan Cukor , Tomáš Svoboda , Kateřina Brynychová

Glyphosate (GLY) is the world’s most widely used herbicide, yet direct observations of GLY and its primary metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) in wild mammals remain scarce. We analyzed 155 composite urine samples from European hares (Lepus europaeus) collected across agricultural regions between 2016 and 2024 to assess concentrations and temporal trends of GLY and AMPA. Annual median GLY concentrations ranged from 1.21 to 3.50 µg L⁻¹ , with no significant trend over time. AMPA represented on average 18 % of GLY levels. Extremely high GLY concentrations (>100 µg L⁻¹) were rare but observed, while most of the observed concentrations were< 0.5 L⁻¹. Annual medians correlated significantly with reported national GLY consumption (p < 0.05). Urinary GLY in hares was approximately 3–4 times higher than the mean concentrations reported in human populations. These findings highlight the utility of European hares as bioindicators of GLY exposure in agroecosystems and emphasize the need for continued monitoring of herbicide residues in wildlife to better understand environmental contamination pathways and potential risks to ecosystems.

草甘膦（GLY）是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂，但在野生哺乳动物中直接观察到草甘膦及其主要代谢物氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）的情况仍然很少。我们分析了2016年至2024年间从农业地区收集的155份欧洲野兔（Lepus europaeus）复合尿液样本，以评估GLY和AMPA的浓度和时间趋势。GLY的年中位数浓度范围为1.21至3.50 µg L -¹ ，随着时间的推移没有明显的趋势。AMPA平均占GLY水平的18% %。极高的GLY浓度（>100 µg L - 1）是罕见的，但却被观察到，而大多数观察到的浓度为<； 0.5 L - 1。年中位数与报告的全国GLY消费量显著相关（p <； 0.05）。野兔尿液中GLY的浓度大约是人类平均浓度的3-4倍。这些发现突出了欧洲野兔作为农业生态系统中甘草酸暴露的生物指标的效用，并强调了继续监测野生动物除草剂残留的必要性，以更好地了解环境污染途径和对生态系统的潜在风险。

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引用次数: 0