Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献_第5页

Natural habitats enhance pollination services in apple and sweet cherry orchards: Evidence from Southern Mediterranean agroecosystems 自然栖息地增强了苹果和甜樱桃园的授粉服务：来自南地中海农业生态系统的证据

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110220

Camila B. García , Keira Dymond , Manuel López-Aliste , Pablo Díaz-Siefer , Francisco E. Fontúrbel , Michael P.D. Garratt , Juan L. Celis-Diez

Wild pollinators play a critical role in crop production. However, the ongoing loss of natural habitats threatens pollination services and food security. We evaluated how the percentage of surrounding natural habitat and the distance from orchard edges influence wild floral visitors and pollination deficit in sweet cherry and apple orchards in Mediterranean Chile. Additionally, we examined the relationship between floral visitation and fruit production. We studied eighteen orchards of each crop and classified them into three categories according to the percentage of natural habitats within a 1 km radius: < 35 %, 36–70 % and > 70 %. Three pollination treatments (supplementary, open, and exclusion) were applied at the edge and into the orchard interior. We quantified floral visitor richness, floral visits, fruit set and fruit quality. Our results showed that sweet cherry orchards with less than 35 % surrounding natural habitat had significantly lower wild insect species richness and floral visits compared to orchards with > 35 %. In both crops, species richness and wild floral visits declined with increasing distance from the orchard edge. Wild floral visitors enhanced fruit set in both crops, while honey bees contributed to sweet cherry fruit set and apple seed set. Although insect pollination improved fruit quality, we found no direct relationship between flower visitation and fruit quality. In apple orchards with > 70 % natural habitat, fruit weight deficit was lower at the edge compared to both the interior and the edges of orchards with < 35 % of natural habitat. We recommend conserving natural habitats around orchards to support wild pollinator diversity and visitation, thereby reducing pollination deficits.

野生传粉媒介在作物生产中起着至关重要的作用。然而，自然栖息地的持续丧失威胁着授粉服务和粮食安全。我们评估了智利地中海地区甜樱桃和苹果园周围自然栖息地的百分比和距离果园边缘的距离如何影响野生花卉游客和授粉赤字。此外，我们还研究了开花与果实产量之间的关系。我们研究了每种作物的18个果园，并根据1 km半径内自然栖息地的百分比将其分为三类：<； 35 %，36-70 %和>； 70 %。在果园边缘和果园内部分别进行了补充授粉、开放授粉和隔离授粉三种授粉处理。我们量化了访花丰富度、访花次数、坐果量和果实质量。结果表明，与环绕自然生境35% %以下的果园相比，环绕自然生境35% %以下的甜樱桃果园野生昆虫种类丰富度和访花次数显著低于环绕自然生境35% %的果园。随着离果园边缘距离的增加，两种作物的物种丰富度和野生花卉到访量均呈下降趋势。野生花卉游客促进了这两种作物的坐果，而蜜蜂则促进了甜樱桃坐果和苹果坐果。虽然昆虫授粉改善了果实品质，但我们发现访花与果实品质之间没有直接关系。在自然生境为>； 70 %的苹果园中，果实重亏在边缘处比在自然生境为<； 35 %的苹果园的内部和边缘处都要低。我们建议保护果园周围的自然栖息地，以支持野生传粉者的多样性和来访，从而减少授粉缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Beetle communities in agricultural landscapes: relative influences of climate, landscape, plant communities and agricultural practices 农业景观中的甲虫群落：气候、景观、植物群落和农业实践的相对影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110252

B. Penel , L. Genty , C. Marty , A. Bourdonné , A.-L. Clamens , L. Benoit , L. Soldati , A. Migeon , G.J. Kergoat , J. Haran , G. Fried , C.N. Meynard

Agricultural field margins are semi-natural habitats that play a key role in conservation and restoration, supporting threatened biodiversity of agroecosystems. However, most research on field margin biodiversity has focused on plant communities, while insect populations remain largely understudied. To address this gap, we leveraged a national monitoring network across France to provide a comprehensive taxonomic and functional characterisation of beetles, a highly diverse insect group of significant agricultural interest. We examined how climate, landscape, vegetation and agricultural practices influence the structure of field margin beetle communities. Using a combination of molecular and morphological approaches and multivariate analyses, we investigated beetle communities within the herbaceous field margins of 374 agricultural sites across continental France sampled between 2020 and 2023. Our surveys revealed a high diversity of beetles, with 797 species recorded, including hundreds of flower visitors and auxiliary species. Estimates based on accumulation curves suggest a richness of up to 1200 species, corresponding to approximately 10 % of the French beetle fauna. We also identified five community types, each having specific taxonomic and functional characteristics and associated with specific climatic, soil, landscape and agricultural environments. While large-scale climatic gradients were the main drivers shaping these community types, local vegetation played a key role in determining species richness. By contrast, agricultural practices appear to be an important structuring factor for both community types and richness. Finally, this study provides the first in-depth characterisation of beetle communities in French field margins, offering a solid baseline for future research and improving our understanding of the complex interactions among climatic, landscape, vegetation, and agricultural drivers.

农田边缘是半自然栖息地，在保护和恢复中发挥关键作用，支持受威胁的农业生态系统生物多样性。然而，对野外边缘生物多样性的研究大多集中在植物群落上，而对昆虫种群的研究还远远不够。为了解决这一差距，我们利用法国全国监测网络提供甲虫的全面分类和功能特征，甲虫是一种高度多样化的昆虫群体，具有重要的农业利益。研究了气候、景观、植被和农业实践对田间边缘甲虫群落结构的影响。采用分子和形态学方法以及多变量分析相结合的方法，研究了2020年至2023年间法国大陆374个农业样地草本田边缘的甲虫群落。我们的调查显示，甲虫的多样性很高，记录了797种，其中包括数百种花卉访客和辅助物种。根据累积曲线估计，其丰富度可达1200种，约占法国甲虫动物群的10. %。我们还确定了5种群落类型，每种类型都具有特定的分类和功能特征，并与特定的气候、土壤、景观和农业环境有关。虽然大尺度气候梯度是形成这些群落类型的主要驱动因素，但当地植被在决定物种丰富度方面发挥了关键作用。相比之下，农业实践似乎是群落类型和丰富度的重要结构因素。最后，本研究首次对法国田间边缘的甲虫群落进行了深入的描述，为未来的研究提供了坚实的基础，并提高了我们对气候、景观、植被和农业驱动因素之间复杂相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Intercropping cotton with wheat or maize enhances biological pest control but only intercropping with wheat improves cotton yield 棉花与小麦或玉米间作能有效防治害虫，但仅与小麦间作能提高棉花产量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110247

Shuangshuang Jia , Enjing Hu , Minlong Li , Bing Liu , Long Yang , Wopke van der Werf , Felix J.J.A. Bianchi , Yanhui Lu

Intercropping is a promising strategy for ecologically based pest management in field crops. However, its effects on pest suppression and crop yield vary across species combinations, requiring experiments to identify context-specific driving principles and guide practical application. We evaluated the effects of intercropping cotton with spring wheat or maize on pest suppression and yield. Aphid and natural enemy populations were monitored in intercropped and sole cotton, and predation activity was assessed using cotton bollworm egg cards. Cotton yield was also measured. Aphid densities on cotton were 63 % lower in both cotton-wheat and cotton-maize than in sole cotton in 2023, and 24 % and 29 % lower in cotton-wheat and cotton-maize than in sole cotton in 2024. No significant difference was observed in cotton aphid control between the two intercrops in either year. Ladybeetle densities during early cotton aphid population build-up were higher in the two intercrops than in sole cotton. The predation rate on cotton bollworm eggs was 10 % - 178 % higher in intercrops with wheat and maize. Cotton yield was 18 % higher in cotton-wheat but 18 % lower in cotton-maize than in sole cotton. Different strength of interspecific plant competition is the likely key driver for the difference in yield impact of the two companion species. We conclude that both spring wheat and maize enhance natural enemies and reduce aphid populations in cotton, but only intercropping with wheat enhanced cotton yield. Results indicate that cotton-cereal intercropping is a robust strategy to suppress cotton aphid and reduce reliance on insecticides, but interspecific plant competition needs to be considered to ensure cotton yield.

间作是一种很有前途的大田作物有害生物生态治理策略。然而，其对害虫抑制和作物产量的影响因物种组合而异，需要通过实验来确定具体情况的驱动原理并指导实际应用。评价了春小麦间作棉花和玉米间作对害虫的抑制作用和产量的影响。采用棉铃虫卵卡法对间作棉田和单作棉田蚜虫和天敌种群进行监测，评价棉铃虫的捕食活动。同时测定了棉花产量。棉花蚜虫密度在2023年棉麦和棉玉米中均比单棉低63 %，棉麦和棉玉米中分别比单棉低24 %和29 %。两间作对棉蚜的防治效果无显著差异。棉蚜种群积累初期，两间作的瓢虫密度均高于单作。小麦、玉米间作对棉铃虫虫卵的取食率高出10 % ~ 178 %。棉麦混播的棉花产量比单棉高18 %，棉玉米混播的产量比单棉低18 %。种间竞争强度的不同可能是导致两伴生种产量影响差异的主要原因。综上所述，春小麦和玉米均能提高棉花的天敌数量，减少蚜虫数量，但只有与小麦间作才能提高棉花产量。结果表明，棉粮间作是抑制棉蚜和减少对杀虫剂依赖的有效策略，但需要考虑种间植物竞争以保证棉花产量。

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引用次数: 0

Shade management and seasonal temperature shifts reshape termite feeding dynamics and soil health in cocoa agroforestry systems 遮荫管理和季节性温度变化重塑了可可农林复合系统中白蚁的摄食动态和土壤健康

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110253

Christian T.L. Djuideu , Felicitas C. Ambele , Hervé D.B. Bisseleua , François X.A. Ndzana , Sevilor Kekeunou

Termites are major ecosystem engineers, contributing to organic matter recycling and soil health, but they are also increasingly recognized as a major constraint to cocoa production due to their damage to cocoa trees. However, the impact of reducing shade tree density and seasonal temperature shifts on termite assemblages, feeding behavior, and soil health remains unclear. We investigated termite functional diversity, cocoa tree infestation, and soil organic matter decomposition across five cocoa agroforestry systems over two seasons. We showed that shade management towards tree reduction associated with temperature increase significantly increased the number of cocoa trees infested by harmful termites. Cocoa trees in poorly shaded systems were more infested by non-beneficial termite species during dry seasons than those in heavily shaded systems during the same period. Soil-feeding species such as Procubitermes undulans and Anenteotermes humerus apparently shifted from below-ground foraging to attack cocoa branches in dry periods. Shade management towards tree reduction also contributed to reduce decomposition of soil organic matter (Humification score of 2.1 <2.5). This result implies that reducing companion tree density in cocoa agroforestry systems may lead to more beneficial termite species becoming non-beneficial, more termite outbreaks, less soil organic matter and poor soil health. These phenomena could be severe with global increasing temperatures. Proper management of shade trees by keeping a diversity of shade trees is the recommended solution to reduce pest pressure on cocoa trees, improve cocoa soil health and enhance beneficial interactions.

白蚁是主要的生态系统工程师，有助于有机物质的循环利用和土壤的健康，但由于它们对可可树的破坏，它们也越来越被认为是可可生产的主要制约因素。然而，减少遮荫树密度和季节温度变化对白蚁群落、摄食行为和土壤健康的影响尚不清楚。在两个季节里，我们研究了五个可可农林复合系统的白蚁功能多样性、可可树侵染和土壤有机质分解。我们发现，遮荫管理与温度升高相关的树木减少显著增加了有害白蚁侵袭的可可树数量。在干旱季节，遮荫条件差的可可树比遮荫条件好的可可树更容易受到非有益白蚁的侵袭。土壤食性物种，如波状棘虫（Procubitermes undulans）和肱骨anenterotermes humerus，显然从地下觅食转向在干旱时期攻击可可树枝。减少树木的遮荫管理也有助于减少土壤有机质的分解（腐殖化评分为2.1 <2.5）。这一结果表明，在可可农林复合系统中，降低伴生树密度可能会导致更多有益的白蚁物种变成无用的白蚁物种，更多的白蚁爆发，土壤有机质减少和土壤健康状况不佳。随着全球气温的升高，这些现象可能会变得更加严重。通过保持遮荫树的多样性，对遮荫树进行适当的管理，是减少有害生物对可可树的压力，改善可可土壤健康和增强有益相互作用的建议解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of carbon farming practices on biodiversity at the farm scale 碳耕作方式对农场规模生物多样性的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110230

Hanna Susi , Paula Thitz , Marleena Hagner , Krista Raveala , Johan Ekroos , Anna-Liisa Laine

Biodiversity loss from intensive agriculture poses a major threat to the long-term sustainability and resilience of food production systems. Sustainable land management practices, such as carbon farming, offer promising alternatives, but their biodiversity impacts and the most effective methods for detecting these impacts remain poorly understood. We surveyed 19 farms in boreal Finland to assess the effects of four carbon farming practices—cover crops, all-in mixes, adaptive grazing and ley mixtures—on plants, arthropods, nematodes and birds. We evaluated biodiversity responses using four alpha diversity metrics (abundance, species richness, Shannon’s diversity and Pielou’s evenness) and two beta diversity metrics (Bray–Curtis and Chi-square dissimilarity). Biodiversity responses were strongly context-dependent, varying by farming practice, taxonomic group and diversity metric. Abundance emerged as the most sensitive alpha metric across taxa, often detecting changes not reflected in community composition metrics. These findings suggest that abundance may serve as a useful early indicator of ecological change in managed landscapes. Adaptive grazing increased herbivorous arthropod abundance in contrast to control treatment, whereas ley mixture and adaptive grazing supported higher nematode abundances than cover crops and all-in mixes. All diversity metrics except species richness detected changes in at least one species group, practice or field status, but abundance consistently captured the broadest responses. Carbon farming practices can support biodiversity when tailored to species group and context. Monitoring approaches that incorporate multiple metrics—and prioritize abundance as a sensitive and early indicator—can improve the detection of ecological responses to sustainable farming interventions.

集约化农业造成的生物多样性丧失对粮食生产系统的长期可持续性和复原力构成重大威胁。可持续土地管理实践，如碳农业，提供了有希望的替代方案，但它们对生物多样性的影响以及检测这些影响的最有效方法仍然知之甚少。我们调查了芬兰北部的19个农场，以评估四种碳农业实践——覆盖作物、全混合、适应性放牧和禾草混合——对植物、节肢动物、线虫和鸟类的影响。我们使用4个alpha多样性指标（丰度、物种丰富度、Shannon多样性和Pielou均匀度）和2个beta多样性指标（bry - curtis和Chi-square不相似度）来评估生物多样性响应。生物多样性响应强烈依赖于环境，因耕作方式、分类类群和多样性指标而异。丰度是整个分类群中最敏感的alpha度量，经常检测到未反映在群落组成度量中的变化。这些发现表明，丰度可以作为管理景观中生态变化的有用早期指标。与对照处理相比，适应性放牧增加了草食性节肢动物的丰度，而禾草混合和适应性放牧比覆盖作物和全播混合支持更高的线虫丰度。除了物种丰富度外，所有多样性指标都至少在一个物种群、实践或野外状态中发现了变化，但丰度始终捕获了最广泛的响应。如果根据物种群和环境进行调整，碳农业实践可以支持生物多样性。结合多种指标的监测方法——优先考虑丰度作为一个敏感的早期指标——可以改善对可持续农业干预的生态反应的检测。

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引用次数: 0

Landscape-level oilseed rape cover shapes seasonal patterns of wild bee abundance in conservation areas 景观级油菜覆盖影响保护区野生蜜蜂丰度的季节格局

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110234

Carolin Biegerl , Andrea Holzschuh , Fabian A. Boetzl , Jochen Krauss , Jie Zhang , Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter

In simplified agricultural landscapes, the continuous availability of food and nesting resources for pollinators, often associated with semi-natural habitats, is limited. This threatens pollinator populations and essential pollination services. Winter oilseed rape (OSR) can temporarily compensate for this lack of floral resources in spring by providing large amounts of nectar and pollen. While flowering OSR attracts pollinators, knowledge about its effects on pollinator populations in adjacent semi-natural habitats over the season remains vague. We therefore asked how OSR cover affects bee abundance in high-value semi-natural habitats throughout the season, and how habitat area, quality, and bee life-history traits modulate these effects. To answer this, we sampled bees in 40 semi-natural calcareous grasslands in Germany. Wild bee abundance (excluding bumblebees) in grasslands was positively related to landscape OSR cover during OSR flowering. Bumblebee abundance showed a positive relationship with OSR cover only after flowering, and only in large grasslands. Wild bees foraging on flowering OSR likely spilled over into calcareous grasslands which offer abundant nesting sites. Bumblebees, less restricted in nesting needs, built up populations in OSR-rich landscapes and benefited from continuous floral resources in large grasslands after OSR flowering. Although OSR positively affected wild bees, this effect was short-lived for non-Bombus bees and delayed for bumblebees. Our findings emphasize the ecological value of calcareous grasslands as high-quality foraging habitats after OSR flowering and crucial nesting sites during OSR flowering. We conclude that pollinator communities on calcareous grasslands can benefit from mass-flowering crops in the surrounding agricultural landscapes, but the conservation of these grasslands remains essential.

在简化的农业景观中，传粉媒介的食物和筑巢资源的持续可用性通常与半自然栖息地有关，是有限的。这威胁到传粉媒介的数量和基本的授粉服务。冬季油菜（OSR）可以通过提供大量的花蜜和花粉来暂时弥补春季花卉资源的缺乏。虽然开花的OSR吸引了传粉者，但关于它对邻近半自然栖息地传粉者种群在季节中的影响的知识仍然模糊。因此，我们询问OSR覆盖在整个季节如何影响高价值半自然栖息地的蜜蜂丰度，以及栖息地面积、质量和蜜蜂生活史特征如何调节这些影响。为了回答这个问题，我们在德国的40个半自然的钙质草原上对蜜蜂进行了取样。草地野生蜜蜂丰度（不包括大黄蜂）与OSR开花期间景观OSR盖度呈正相关。大黄蜂丰度仅在开花后与OSR覆盖呈正相关，且仅在大草原上。在开花的OSR上觅食的野生蜜蜂可能会溢出到提供大量筑巢地点的钙质草原上。大黄蜂的筑巢需求较少受到限制，在OSR丰富的景观中建立种群，并受益于OSR开花后大草原上持续的花卉资源。虽然OSR对野生蜜蜂有积极影响，但这种影响对非蜂类蜜蜂是短暂的，对大黄蜂是延迟的。我们的研究结果强调了钙质草地作为OSR开花后优质觅食栖息地和OSR开花期间重要筑巢地的生态价值。我们得出结论，钙质草原上的传粉者群落可以从周围农业景观的大量开花作物中受益，但这些草原的保护仍然至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Appropriate straw return approaches can improve soil properties and crop yield of Mollisol farmlands with various degradation degrees 适当的秸秆还田方式可以改善不同退化程度的Mollisol农田的土壤性质和作物产量

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110248

Shukun Xing , Guanghui Zhang , Yatong Zhang , Yi Zhang

Straw return, as a traditional conservation tillage practice, has been widely applied; however, the suitability of different straw return approaches has rarely been evaluated under various land degradation degrees. In this study, three straw return approaches (strip mulching, rotary tillage and deep plowing) were applied to Mollisols with four degrees of degradation (non-degradation, light, moderate and severe degradation). Soil physical, biological and nutrient properties as well as crop growth characteristics were monitored at different soybean growth stages in 2023. Crop yield was also measured for different treatments. Compared to control (straw removal), the suitability of different approaches was assessed. The results showed that the benefits of straw return were strongly regulated by land degradation. With land degradation intensified, the advantages of rotary tillage in promoting microbial activity and nutrient availability were gradually replaced by the approach of strip mulching. Compared to straw removal, straw return by strip mulching increased soybean yield from 3.1 % in non-degraded cropland to 20.8 % in severely degraded cropland, whereas the yield increases of rotary tillage and deep plowing declined from 15.4 % to 7.1 % and from 12.6 % to 1.3 %, respectively. Changes in soil structure and hydrothermal conditions were the main drivers of yield variation under different straw return approaches. For non-degraded Mollisols, straw incorporation or deep plowing is recommended to alleviate low-temperature stress in cool and humid regions, while for degraded Mollisols, straw return by strip mulching is preferable to improve topsoil aggregate stability, erosion resistance and water retention. This study offers critical insights into optimizing straw return approach under various soil degradation degrees, contributing to sustainable agricultural productivity in response to global challenges of land degradation.

秸秆还田作为一种传统的保护性耕作方式，得到了广泛的应用；然而，不同秸秆还田方式在不同土地退化程度下的适宜性评价却很少。本研究采用3种秸秆还田方式（条带覆盖、轮作和深耕）对4种退化程度（不降解、轻度、中度和重度）的Mollisols进行还田。对2023年大豆不同生育期土壤物理、生物、养分特性及作物生长特性进行了监测。测定了不同处理的作物产量。与对照（秸秆清除）比较，评价了不同处理方法的适宜性。结果表明，秸秆还田效益受土地退化的强烈调控。随着土地退化的加剧，轮作在促进微生物活性和养分有效性方面的优势逐渐被地膜覆盖所取代。与秸秆还田相比，秸秆还田使大豆产量从未退化农田的3.1 %提高到严重退化农田的20.8 %，而轮作和深耕的产量增幅分别从15.4 %和12.6 %下降到7.1 %和1.3 %。土壤结构和水热条件的变化是不同秸秆还田方式下产量变化的主要驱动因素。对于未降解的mollisol，建议采用秸秆还田或深耕来缓解凉爽潮湿地区的低温胁迫，而对于已降解的mollisol，建议采用秸秆还田条覆盖来提高表土团聚体稳定性、抗侵蚀能力和保水能力。该研究为优化不同土壤退化程度下的秸秆还田方式提供了重要见解，有助于农业生产力的可持续发展，以应对全球土地退化的挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Plant available nitrogen varies with crop rotation due to legacy effects of legume and poultry litter inputs 由于豆科植物和家禽粪便投入的遗留效应，植物有效氮随作物轮作而变化

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110239

Kathryn E. White , Michel A. Cavigelli , Harry H. Schomberg , Steven B. Mirsky

Poultry litter (PL) is used by grain farmers in poultry producing regions to supply nitrogen (N). Knowledge of the effects of long-term applications on plant available N (PAN) is limited, particularly when combined with historical inputs from legume cover crops and forages. Previous research at the Farming Systems Project (FSP) in Maryland, USA found that historical inputs from legumes and PL increased PAN, likely reducing maize PL requirements. We quantified the effects of three reduced PL application rates on PAN and the effects of PAN and weeds on maize yields in three organically managed rotations at FSP. We established PL application rate microplots in two-year hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) plus rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop–maize (Zea mays L.)–rye cover crop–soybean (Glycine max L.), three-year hairy vetch plus rye–maize-rye cover crop–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and six-year maize–rye cover crop–soybean–wheat–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) –alfalfa–alfalfa rotations. Rotational diversity increased microbially active carbon, N, and PAN concentrations, eliminating maize PL requirements in the six-year rotation. In the two- and three-year rotations, eliminating PL decreased yields by 1645 and 1009 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. However, application rates could be reduced by 43 % and 58 % without affecting maize yields. Weeds reduced yields in the two-year rotation by 1394 kg ha⁻¹. Results indicate that long-term PL and legume inputs increase N storage, N cycling, and soil PAN sufficient to support maize yields, but rates are rotation-dependent. Reducing PL recommendations in comparable rotations, whether organic or conventional, would reduce fertility costs and likely lower N loss risks.

家禽垃圾（PL）被家禽生产区的粮食农民用来提供氮(N)。长期施用对植物速效氮（PAN）影响的认识有限，特别是当与豆类覆盖作物和牧草的历史投入相结合时。美国马里兰州农业系统项目（FSP）先前的研究发现，豆类和PL的历史投入增加了PAN，可能降低了玉米PL的需求。我们量化了在FSP上三个有机管理轮作中，三种降低PL施用量对PAN的影响，以及PAN和杂草对玉米产量的影响。我们在2年毛豌豆（Vicia villosa Roth）加黑麦（Secale cereale L.）覆盖作物-玉米(Zea mays L.) -黑麦覆盖作物-大豆（Glycine max L.）、3年毛豌豆加黑麦-玉米-黑麦覆盖作物-大豆-小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）和6年玉米-黑麦覆盖作物-大豆-小麦-苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）中建立了PL施用量小地块。-alfalfa-alfalfa旋转。轮作多样性增加了微生物活性碳、氮和PAN浓度，消除了6年轮作对玉米PL的需求。在两年和三年的轮作中，去除PL分别使产量降低1645和1009 kg ha−1。然而，在不影响玉米产量的情况下，施用量可降低43% %和58% %。杂草在两年轮作中使产量减少1394 kg ha−1。结果表明，长期施用有机肥和豆科作物增加了氮素储存量、氮素循环和土壤PAN，足以支持玉米产量，但速率与轮作有关。在可比较的轮作中，无论是有机轮作还是常规轮作，减少氮肥推荐量将降低生育成本，并可能降低氮肥损失风险。

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引用次数: 0

Global-to-regional variations in the effects of grassland management on soil carbon 草地管理对土壤碳影响的全球-区域差异

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110251

Xi Lin , Shengwei Zhang , Alfredo Huete , Han Y.H. Chen , Hongbin Zhao , Qinsi He , Shengwei Lv , Qian Zhang , Xiaoduo Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhang

Global climate change is altering carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and challenging the carbon storage capacity of grasslands. The ecological effects of grazing exclusions, as a key management strategy, and the scale-dependent mechanisms underlying them warrant further investigation. We constructed a multi-scale nested analysis framework for the China-Inner Mongolia region and global scale to systematically assess the impact patterns of grazing exclusion on soil carbon content and vegetation properties under varying environmental conditions. Based on our meta-analysis, we found that grazing exclusion resulted in an average increase of 23.4 % in soil organic carbon content compared to continuous grazing on a global scale, with long-term grazing restrictions (>30 years) having the most significant positive impact on soil organic carbon. Grazing exclusion significantly enhanced the sustained recovery of global grassland plant biomass, coverage, and soil properties (including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil water content, and bulk density). However, species richness displayed a distinct temporal pattern, with significant gains occurring only during moderate grazing exclusion periods (10–30 years). Globally and in China, both soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil water content (SWC) positively influenced vegetation richness during short-term grazing exclusion (0–10 years). In Inner Mongolia, detailed analyses revealed a decoupling of soil and vegetation responses: grazing exclusion markedly improved vegetation recovery but did not significantly alter SOC, underscoring complex local-scale ecological processes. Overall, our findings demonstrate the global generality of grazing exclusion effects alongside their scale-dependent mechanisms, providing a scientific foundation for scale-appropriate, adaptive grassland management strategies.

全球气候变化正在改变陆地生态系统的碳循环，对草原的碳储存能力构成挑战。作为一项重要的管理策略，禁止放牧的生态效应及其背后的规模依赖机制值得进一步研究。构建了中国—内蒙古地区和全球尺度的多尺度嵌套分析框架，系统评估了不同环境条件下放牧对土壤碳含量和植被特性的影响规律。基于meta分析，我们发现在全球范围内，与连续放牧相比，不放牧导致土壤有机碳含量平均增加23.4% %，其中长期放牧限制（>；30年）对土壤有机碳的积极影响最为显著。禁牧显著增强了全球草地植物生物量、盖度和土壤性质（包括土壤有机碳、全氮、速效磷、土壤含水量和容重）的持续恢复。然而，物种丰富度表现出明显的时间格局，仅在中度放牧排斥期（10-30年）出现显著的增长。在全球和中国，土壤有机碳（SOC）和土壤含水量（SWC）对短期禁牧期（0 ~ 10年）植被丰富度均有正向影响。在内蒙古，土壤与植被响应存在解耦效应：放牧对植被恢复有显著的促进作用，但对土壤有机碳的影响不显著，表明局地尺度生态过程复杂。总体而言，我们的研究结果证明了放牧排斥效应的全球普遍性及其规模依赖机制，为制定适合规模的适应性草地管理策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Silicon affects alpine cropland carbon cycling by enhancing the biomass carbon accumulation and phytolith production in highland barley 硅通过促进青稞生物量碳积累和植物体生成来影响高寒农田碳循环

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2026.110246

Jiayi Jiang , Xiaomin Yang , Zimin Li , Dongchen Ruan , Jie Zeng , Qixin Wu , Hai Xu

With climate change, extensive Poaceae crop cultivation endows the agricultural systems with a distinctive and influential role in the global coupled biogeochemical cycles of silicon (Si) and carbon (C). This study selected highland barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum), a dominant Poaceae crop in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), to clarify the effects of Si on biomass C accumulation and phytolith-associated C production using a comparative analysis of Si-C interactions. Analytical results from quantitative statistics and qualitative characterization across most organs of highland barley demonstrated Si functional role in partially substituting C within the tissue biomass on a per-unit dry mass basis. Combined with the biomass data, Si accumulation (156.13 ± 73.07 kg ha^–‍1) was significantly positively correlated with biomass C accumulation (6.44 ± 2.33 ×10³ kg ha^–1) within aboveground organs of highland barley. These findings indicates that the Si accumulation promotes, rather than inhibits, C storage in Poaceae crops. Path model further revealed that plant available Si (PASi) in soil exerted a significant direct influence on crop biomass, with 20 % of explanation, whereas 76 % of the variance in phytolith-associated C production was explained. Given the widespread risk of Si deficiency in global cropland soils, our study indicates that increasing Si enrichment in Poaceae crops via improving Si fertilization management can ultimately drive global C cycling by enhancing the biomass C accumulation and phytolith-associated C production.

随着气候的变化，广泛种植禾本科作物使农业系统在硅（Si）和碳(C)的全球耦合生物地球化学循环中发挥了独特而有影响力的作用。本研究以青藏高原禾本科优势作物青稞（Hordeum vulgare var. nudum）为研究对象，通过Si-C相互作用的比较分析，阐明Si对生物量C积累和植物岩相关C产生的影响。青稞大部分器官的定量统计和定性分析结果表明，在单位干质量基础上，Si在组织生物量中部分取代了C。结合生物数据,如果积累(156.13 ±73.07  公斤 公顷-‍1)C积累和生物量呈显著正相关(6.44 ±2.33  ×103公斤 农业在地上部器官的青稞。这些结果表明，硅积累促进而不是抑制禾科作物的碳储存。Path模型进一步揭示，土壤中植物有效硅（PASi）对作物生物量有显著的直接影响，其解释率为20% %，而植物岩相关碳产量的差异解释率为76. %。考虑到全球农田土壤普遍存在缺硅风险，我们的研究表明，通过改善硅施肥管理来增加禾科作物的硅富集，最终可以通过增加生物量C积累和植物岩相关的C生产来驱动全球碳循环。

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引用次数: 0