Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment最新文献_第6页

Contrasting roles of ground, trees, ponds and grazing in carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes of an African semi-arid savanna 非洲半干旱热带稀树草原的土壤、树木、池塘和放牧在二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮通量中的对比作用

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110199

Aleksander Wieckowski , Patrik Vestin , Jonas Ardö , Olivier Roupsard , Ousmane Ndiaye , Seydina Ba , Claire Delon , Dominique Serça , Torbern Tagesson

Understanding greenhouse gas fluxes in semi-arid ecosystems is critical for improving our understanding of biogeochemical cycles, particularly in underrepresented regions like the African Sahel. In these landscapes, greenhouse gas exchange arises from ground, trees, and water ponds, and is further shaped by environmental conditions and grazing. The carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes were quantified from these components in a Sahelian savanna in Senegal, while also assessing grazing impacts and environmental drivers (soil water content, temperature, vapor pressure deficit, photosynthetically active radiation). The ground was a net carbon dioxide sink during the rainy season but shifted toward neutrality or weak emission in the dry season, consistently acted as a methane sink, and was a year-round nitrous oxide source. Seasonal ponds were strong methane and nitrous oxide emission hotspots, with methane emissions being high enough to offset the sink of the overall savanna landscape. Trees contributed to carbon dioxide and methane uptake via branches, whereas stems were net methane and carbon dioxide emitters. Both stems and branches emitted nitrous oxide, and the presence of trees enhanced carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from soils beneath their canopies. Grazing enhanced ground gross primary production, reduced methane uptake, while no effect was seen on nitrous oxide fluxes. Temporal variability of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluxes was strongly linked to soil water content and temperature, whereas methane fluxes showed no correlations with any of the measured drivers. These results demonstrate that tree- and pond-mediated fluxes, together with grazing, substantially alter the greenhouse gas fluxes of savanna ecosystems and incorporating these effects is essential for accurately representing semi-arid savannas in global greenhouse gas budgets.

了解半干旱生态系统中的温室气体通量对于提高我们对生物地球化学循环的理解至关重要，特别是在非洲萨赫勒等代表性不足的地区。在这些景观中，温室气体交换来自地面、树木和池塘，并进一步受到环境条件和放牧的影响。对塞内加尔萨赫勒稀树草原上这些组分的二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮通量进行了量化，同时还评估了放牧影响和环境驱动因素（土壤含水量、温度、蒸汽压亏缺、光合有效辐射）。地面在雨季是二氧化碳的净汇，但在旱季转向零排放或弱排放，始终充当甲烷汇，并且是全年的氧化亚氮源。季节性池塘是强烈的甲烷和一氧化二氮排放热点，甲烷排放量高到足以抵消整个热带稀树草原景观的汇。树木通过树枝吸收二氧化碳和甲烷，而树干则是甲烷和二氧化碳的净排放者。树干和树枝都会释放一氧化二氮，树木的存在增加了树冠下土壤中的二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮的通量。放牧提高了地面初级总产量，减少了甲烷吸收量，而对一氧化二氮通量没有影响。二氧化碳和一氧化二氮通量的时间变异性与土壤含水量和温度密切相关，而甲烷通量与任何测量的驱动因素均无相关性。这些结果表明，树木和池塘介导的通量以及放牧极大地改变了热带稀树草原生态系统的温室气体通量，将这些影响纳入全球温室气体预算中对于准确表示半干旱热带稀树草原至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Optimized nitrogen management enhances sugarcane sustainability by balancing yield and N2O emissions 优化的氮肥管理通过平衡产量和N2O排放来提高甘蔗的可持续性

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110192

Vagner João Moro , Douglas Adams Weiler , Roberta Lago Giovelli , Getúlio Elias Pilecco , Stefen Barbosa Pujol , Sandro José Giacomini

Nitrogen (N) fertilization plays a crucial role in sustaining sugarcane yields but also represents one of the main sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions in biofuel production. Brazil is the world's top sugarcane producer, but despite the suitability of the southern region for sugarcane cultivation, few studies have evaluated N₂O emissions in a subtropical climate. This study evaluated the effects of N fertilizer rates on sugarcane yield, N₂O emissions, and emission factor (EF) and yield-scaled metrics under subtropical conditions in southern Brazil. The study evaluated four N rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ as urea) fertilizing plant cane and ratoon cane cycle. Nitrogen fertilization increased sugarcane stalk yield compared to the control, but the yield response declined sharply at higher N rates. Across cycles, on average, stalk yield rose by 22.0, 9.0, and 2.6 Mg ha⁻¹ for each 40 kg N ha⁻¹ increment in the 40 N, 80 N, and 120 N treatments, respectively. N₂O emissions also markedly increased after each N topdressing, peaking within the 30–45 days following fertilizer application and rainfall events. Cumulative N₂O emissions increased linearly with N rates in both plant and ratoon cane cycle, whereas N₂O emissions per stalk yield rose exponentially, reflecting a greater emission intensity at higher N levels. Above 80 kg N ha⁻¹, yield gains declined sharply, while N₂O emissions increased markedly, resulting in a higher N₂O intensity. The EF increased with the N rate, remaining below 0.78 % up to 40 N, but rose thereafter, with the highest means being 1.5 % in plant cane and 1.3 % in ratoon cane, consistent with other Brazilian studies. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing N management to balance productivity and environmental sustainability in subtropical sugarcane systems.

氮肥在维持甘蔗产量方面起着至关重要的作用，但也是生物燃料生产中一氧化二氮（N2O）排放的主要来源之一。巴西是世界上最大的甘蔗生产国，但尽管南部地区适合种植甘蔗，但很少有研究评估亚热带气候下的N2O排放。本研究评估了巴西南部亚热带条件下氮肥施用量对甘蔗产量、N2O排放、排放因子（EF）和产量尺度指标的影响。本研究评价了4种氮肥（0、40、80和120 kg N ha - 1作为尿素）对植株和再生甘蔗循环的施肥效果。与对照相比，施氮使甘蔗茎秆产量增加，但在高施氮水平下产量响应急剧下降。在不同周期中，在40 N、80 N和120 N处理下，每增加40 kg N ha - 1，茎产量平均分别增加22.0、9.0和2.6 Mg ha - 1。每次氮肥追肥后N2O排放量也显著增加，在施肥和降雨事件后30-45 天内达到峰值。植株和再生甘蔗循环累积N2O排放量均随施氮量的增加呈线性增加，而单株N2O排放量呈指数增长，反映了高施氮水平下的排放强度。在80 kg N ha−1以上，产量急剧下降，而N2O排放量显著增加，导致N2O强度增加。EF随施氮量的增加而增加，在40 N之前保持在0.78 %以下，但之后有所上升，植株蔗最高为1.5 %，再生蔗最高为1.3 %，与巴西其他研究结果一致。这些发现强调了优化氮素管理对于平衡亚热带甘蔗系统的生产力和环境可持续性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110194

Huiying Li , Anika Lehmann , Edda Kunze , Yaqi Xu , Bo Tang , Tingting Zhao , Rebecca Rongstock , Matthias C. Rillig

Soil restoration amendments are of great importance to maintain soil health. However, the effects of joint application of multiple (more than two) restoration amendments are rarely addressed. We selected nine restoration amendments allocated to three functional groups: organic amendments, inorganic amendments and microbial inoculation. We investigated effects of amendment functional dissimilarity, i.e. if amendments from diverse groups can perform better than amendments from the same group. By maintaining a balanced selection across three groups, we increased the number of amendments to 3, 6 and 9 to unravel its impacts. We further tested if such combinations enhanced resistance against drought by comparing plant biomass, soil enzyme activities, and soil physiochemical properties under drought (30 % water holding capacity) and well-watered conditions (60 % water holding capacity). Increasing the number of restoration amendments increased soil pH toward neutrality, driven primarily by inorganic amendments such as bentonite and vermiculite, irrespective of watering conditions, while improvements in aggregate stability and plant growth occurred only under well-watered conditions. Three amendments from diverse functional groups maximized plant growth and soil multifunctionality under well-watered conditions. On the other hand, under drought conditions, individual amendments- such as straw and vermiculite- showed the strongest positive effects on the overall soil functional performance and plant biomass, exceeding those of combined treatments. Our work highlights the importance of applying restoration amendments from diverse functional groups under well-watered conditions and applying single restoration amendments facing drought stress.

土壤修复改良剂对保持土壤健康具有重要意义。然而，联合应用多个（两个以上）修复修正的影响很少得到解决。我们选择了9个修复修正，分为有机修正、无机修正和微生物接种三个官能团。我们研究了修正功能不相似性的影响，即来自不同群体的修正是否比来自同一群体的修正表现更好。通过在三组中保持平衡的选择，我们将修正案的数量增加到3,6和9，以揭示其影响。通过比较干旱条件下（30% %持水量）和丰水条件下（60% %持水量）的植物生物量、土壤酶活性和土壤物理化学性质，我们进一步测试了这些组合是否能增强抗旱性。增加修复改进剂的数量使土壤pH值趋于中性，这主要是由膨润土和蛭石等无机改进剂驱动的，而只有在水分充足的条件下，团聚体稳定性和植物生长才会得到改善。在水分充足的条件下，来自不同官能团的三个修正最大限度地提高了植物生长和土壤的多功能性。另一方面，在干旱条件下，秸秆和蛭石等单独处理对土壤整体功能性能和植物生物量的积极影响最大，超过了联合处理。我们的工作强调了在水分充足的条件下应用不同官能团的修复修正和在干旱胁迫下应用单一修复修正的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of pesticide use, microhabitat structure, and landscape diversity on arthropod communities, pest–disease dynamics, and yield in cacao agroecosystems 农药使用、微生境结构和景观多样性对可可农业生态系统节肢动物群落、病虫害动态和产量的影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110183

Bladimir Guaitero , Diego Fernando Cuero-Plaza , David Ricardo Hernández-Angarita , Hebert Camargo-Tamayo , Carolina Pisco-Ortiz , Edwin Rodríguez , Paola Zuluaga , Mario Porcel , Yeisson Gutiérrez

Cacao agroforestry supports millions of smallholder farmers but faces persistent yield gaps from pests, diseases, and unsustainable intensification. While the individual roles of management and habitat are often studied in isolation, their integrated effects and the resulting trade-offs are poorly quantified. Using piecewise Structural Equation Modeling (pSEM) on data from 28 cacao farms (plots) in Colombia, we simultaneously quantified the pathways linking management (pesticide use), microhabitat structure (canopy shade, shade-tree density, ground cover), and landscape diversity to arthropod communities, crop damage, and yield. Our integrative analysis revealed a key trade-off: pesticide use nearly doubled herbivore abundance with minimal defoliation reduction, suggesting disrupted biocontrol. Furthermore, the benefits of canopy shade for habitat complexity were counteracted by its association with increased pod disease and defoliation at levels > 70 %, while landscape heterogeneity consistently suppressed herbivore abundance. Critically, defoliation and pest damage emerged as the primary direct pathways to yields loss, each reducing yields by over 50 %. We demonstrate that common practices create countervailing effects, and conclude that sustainable cacao production requires integrated strategies that balance chemical control, shade management, and landscape conservation.

可可农林业为数百万小农提供支持，但因病虫害和不可持续的集约化而面临持续的产量缺口。虽然管理和生境的个别作用经常被孤立地研究，但它们的综合影响和由此产生的权衡很难量化。利用分段结构方程模型（pSEM）对哥伦比亚28个可可农场（样地）的数据，我们同时量化了管理（农药使用）、微生境结构（树冠遮荫、树荫密度、地表覆盖）和景观多样性与节肢动物群落、作物损害和产量之间的联系途径。我们的综合分析揭示了一个关键的权衡：农药的使用几乎使草食动物的丰度增加了一倍，而落叶的减少却很少，这表明生物控制被破坏了。此外，林冠遮荫对栖息地复杂性的好处被其与豆荚病和落叶增加的关联抵消了，其水平为>； 70 %，而景观异质性持续抑制草食性丰富度。至关重要的是，落叶和虫害损害成为产量损失的主要直接途径，每一种都使产量减少50% %以上。我们证明了通常的做法会产生抵消效应，并得出结论，可持续的可可生产需要平衡化学控制、遮荫管理和景观保护的综合策略。

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引用次数: 0

Piled straw return: A novel strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields 秸秆堆还田：减少稻田温室气体排放的新策略

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110188

Yang Liu , Jixin Li , Yi Cao , Qingyang Lyu , Guangbin Zhang , Xiaoyuan Yan , Yufan Zheng , Wenping Du , Chenchen Huan , Gaosheng Ji , Bei You , Yixuan Li , Xueping Tian , Zhiying Yan

While straw return is widely adopted for crop residues dispose and soil carbon sequestration, it significantly raises greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (especially CH₄) in paddy fields. This study proposed piled straw return (PSR, straw piled for pre-decomposition before incorporation) as a novel approach and conducted a comparative analysis with direct straw return (SR). Results demonstrated that the pre-decomposition process effectively decreased pathogens (by 74–94 %) and total solid mass (by 31–33 %) in straw. During the subsequent rice growing season, PSR significantly reduced CH₄ emissions (by 32–53 %) while maintaining rice yields. Microbial community in paddy soil indicated that PSR decreased CH₄ emissions through limiting methanogenic substrates and suppressed the abundance of methanogens (notably Methanocella). Life cycle assessment showed the global warming potential (GWP) of the PSR treatment was 20.40 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹, representing a 41.86 % reduction compared to conventional straw return (SR, 35.09 t CO₂-eq ha⁻¹). Furthermore, life cycle costing confirmed the enhanced economic viability of PSR, demonstrating its strong cost-effectiveness under carbon pricing. In summary, this study demonstrated PSR is a simple and low-cost strategy of straw return that effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions and enhances profitability, thereby offering a practical approach for sustainable agriculture.

秸秆还田被广泛用于作物残茬处理和土壤固碳，但它显著增加了稻田的温室气体（GHG）排放（尤其是CH4）。本研究提出秸秆堆垛还田（PSR，秸秆堆垛预分解还田）作为一种新方法，并与秸秆直接还田（SR）进行了对比分析。结果表明，预分解过程能有效减少秸秆中病原菌（74 ~ 94 %）和总固体质量（31 ~ 33 %）。在随后的水稻生长季节，PSR在保持水稻产量的同时显著减少了CH4排放（减少32-53 %）。水稻土微生物群落表明，PSR通过限制产甲烷基质和抑制产甲烷菌（尤其是甲烷菌）丰度来减少CH4排放。生命周期评估显示，PSR处理的全球变暖潜势（GWP）为20.40 t CO2-eq ha - 1，与常规秸秆还田（SR为35.09 t CO2-eq ha - 1）相比，降低了41.86 %。此外，生命周期成本证实了PSR的经济可行性，表明其在碳定价下具有很强的成本效益。综上所述，本研究表明，秸秆还田是一种简单、低成本的秸秆还田策略，可有效减少温室气体排放，提高盈利能力，为可持续农业提供了切实可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term effects of livestock exclusion on grassland species diversity and forest regeneration in northern Chilean Patagonia 排除牲畜对智利巴塔哥尼亚北部草地物种多样性和森林更新的长期影响

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110173

Laura Sánchez-Jardón , Laura del Rio-Hortega , Belén Acosta-Gallo , Alejandro del Pozo

In the early to mid-20th century, southern beech forests (Nothofagus pumilio) in northern Chilean Patagonia were burned and converted into grasslands for livestock, promoting the spread of non-native species. These exotics now coexist with native flora, but their long-term effects on biodiversity remain unclear. Grazing exclusion has been proposed as a strategy to reduce exotics and improve conditions for southern beech regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of livestock abandonment on grassland diversity and tree regeneration. We assessed the herbaceous species and functional composition in forests and adjacent grasslands along 80 × 10 m transects, comparing treatments with and without cattle grazing. Surveys were conducted one, two, six and nine years after the exclusion of grazing. Changes over time and along the transect in floristic and functional composition were analyzed through Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Results showed that the exclusion increased the number and relative abundance of native species in both open grasslands and forest understories within one to six years. In contrast, exotics species increased under grazing pressure but declined steadily following exclusion, with stronger reductions observed in forests, indicating greater resilience of forest systems compared to grasslands. Although grazing limited tree seedling establishment, its cessation alone did not ensure forest regeneration. Seedlings remained scarce, likely due to soil degradation, light competition, and small herbivores. These findings provide insights for biodiversity conservation and restoration in temperate silvopastoral landscapes.

在20世纪早期到中期，智利北部巴塔哥尼亚的南部山毛榉森林（Nothofagus pumilio）被烧毁，变成了牲畜的草原，促进了非本地物种的传播。这些外来物种现在与本地植物共存，但它们对生物多样性的长期影响尚不清楚。禁止放牧被认为是减少外来物种和改善南方山毛榉再生条件的策略。本研究旨在评价弃畜对草地多样性和树木更新的长期影响。我们对80个 × 10 m样带的森林和邻近草地的草本植物种类和功能组成进行了评估，并比较了放牧和不放牧的处理。在禁止放牧后的1年、2年、6年和9年分别进行了调查。通过主成分分析（PCA）分析了植物区系和功能组成随时间和样带的变化。结果表明：在1 ~ 6年的时间内，疏林措施使开阔草原和森林林下原生物种的数量和相对丰度均有所增加。相比之下，外来物种在放牧压力下增加，但在排除后稳步下降，在森林中观察到更大的减少，表明与草原相比，森林系统具有更大的恢复力。虽然放牧限制了树苗的建立，但仅仅停止放牧并不能保证森林的再生。幼苗仍然稀缺，可能是由于土壤退化、光竞争和小型食草动物。这些发现为温带森林景观生物多样性的保护和恢复提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation management on an Oregon livestock ranch supports net soil carbon and nitrogen storage 俄勒冈州畜牧场的保护管理支持土壤净碳和氮储存

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110182

Samuel W. Valliere , David E. Prado-Tarango , Jennifer M. Moore , Serkan Ates , Ricardo Mata-González

Rangelands are the world’s largest terrestrial ecosystems, covering 30 % of the ice-free land surface. Accurately monitoring their carbon status is essential for managing these ecosystems sustainably. We monitored soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in an Oregon, USA livestock ranch of 13,080 ha with a 20-year history of land conservation management. Soil samples (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) were collected twice a year from 2020 to 2023. We found that soil carbon increased 2.5–5.1 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ during this sampling period and nitrogen stocks increased at a rate of 0.4–0.7 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. We also used the COMET-Farm™ model to estimate the ranch’s net carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide emissions (reported in CO₂ equivalents; CO₂e) based on past and current management practices and explored future management scenarios implementing legume seeding and stocking rate modifications. We modeled net CO₂e from current management practices, which involved crops (on 660 ha of the ranch), grazing, and livestock operations. The 1266 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹ released from the land under cropland and from livestock were offset by carbon sequestered in the grazing lands (-0.33 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ or 4076 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹). When scaled across the entire ranch, this translated to a net offset of 0.21 Mg CO₂e ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ or −2809.7 Mg CO₂e yr⁻¹. Our data suggest that the current sustainable management practices may have a positive impact on soil carbon and nitrogen stocks, helping to mitigate climate variability; yet the lack of a control treatment limits the extrapolation of our results.

牧场是世界上最大的陆地生态系统，覆盖了30% %的无冰陆地表面。准确监测它们的碳状况对于可持续地管理这些生态系统至关重要。我们监测了美国俄勒冈州一个拥有20年土地保护管理历史的13,080 ha畜牧业牧场的土壤碳和氮储量。土壤样品（0 ~ 20 cm和20 ~ 40 cm）于2020 ~ 2023年每年采集两次。研究发现，在此采样期间，土壤碳增加了2.5-5.1 Mg ha−1 yr−1，氮储量增加了0.4-0.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1。我们还基于过去和当前的管理实践，使用COMET-Farm™模型估算了牧场的净二氧化碳（CO2）和一氧化二氮排放量（以CO2当量报告；CO2e），并探索了实施豆科植物播种和放养率调整的未来管理方案。我们从目前的管理实践中模拟了净二氧化碳当量，其中包括作物（660 公顷的牧场）、放牧和牲畜经营。从农田和牲畜中释放的1266 Mg CO2e每年−1被放牧地的固碳所抵消（-0.33 Mg CO2e每年−1或4076 Mg CO2e每年−1）。当按比例计算到整个牧场时，其净抵消量为0.21 Mg CO2e ha - 1 year - 1或- 2809.7 Mg CO2e year - 1。我们的数据表明，当前的可持续管理措施可能对土壤碳和氮储量产生积极影响，有助于缓解气候变率；然而，缺乏对照治疗限制了我们结果的外推。

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引用次数: 0

Diversified cropping systems enhance soybean resilience to extreme drought 多样化的种植制度增强了大豆对极端干旱的抵御能力

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110180

Ashani Thilakarathne , Matt Woods , Mriganka De , Marshall D. McDaniel

Extreme precipitation threatens global agriculture production. In the Midwest U.S., drought-prone summers can lead to crop yield losses. Agricultural diversification has been touted as a climate-resilient management practice that can buffer against drought-induced crop yield decline; however, few studies have tested this hypothesis. Our objectives were to: 1) synthesize previously published and new unpublished soil physical data from a long-term experiment (>20-years) that might provide mechanistic evidence for climate-resilience, 2) measure soybean physiological response to an experimentally imposed drought. Across both objectives, we compared a business-as-usual maize-soybean rotation (2-year) to a more diversified maize-soybean-oat/alfalfa-alfalfa rotation with manure inputs (4-year). Across the 20-year experiment (Objective 1), the 4-year decreased bulk density by 3 %, decreased overall penetration resistance by 23 %, and increased water content at field capacity by 16 % compared to the 2-year. After imposing drought in both rotations (Objective 2), the 4-year reduced drought-induced decline in stomatal conductance by half compared to the 2-year. According to response ratios, the extreme drought decreased the 2-year soybean yield by 11 %, while the 4-year had no detectable yield loss. Diversified cropping systems can improve soil physical properties, and this is the most parsimonious factor explaining observed drought resilience in soybeans. Our data support the notion that diversified cropping systems can buffer against negative consequences of extreme drought – a likely scenario for future growing seasons.

极端降水威胁着全球农业生产。在美国中西部，干旱频发的夏季会导致农作物减产。农业多样化被吹捧为一种适应气候变化的管理做法，可以缓冲干旱引起的作物产量下降；然而，很少有研究证实了这一假设。我们的目标是：1)综合以前发表的和新的未发表的来自长期实验（>；20年）的土壤物理数据，这些数据可能为气候适应能力提供机制证据；2)测量大豆对实验施加的干旱的生理反应。针对这两个目标，我们比较了常规的玉米-大豆轮作模式（2年）和更多样化的玉米-大豆-燕麦/苜蓿-苜蓿轮作模式（4年）。在20年的试验中（目标1），与2年相比，4年的容重降低了3 %，总穿透阻力降低了23 %，田间容量含水量增加了16 %。在两个轮作中施加干旱后（目标2），与2年相比，4年轮作使干旱引起的气孔导度下降减少了一半。根据响应比，极端干旱使2年大豆产量下降11. %，而4年大豆产量无明显损失。多样化的种植制度可以改善土壤的物理特性，这是解释大豆抗旱性的最简单的因素。我们的数据支持这样一种观点，即多样化的种植系统可以缓冲极端干旱的负面影响——这是未来生长季节可能出现的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Field-scale management strongly affects avian communities and the potential for bird-mediated ecosystem services and disservices in vineyards 田间规模的管理强烈影响鸟类群落和潜在的鸟类介导的生态系统服务和损害

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110185

Mattia Brambilla , Giacomo Assandri , Maurizio Odicino

Reconciling biodiversity and agriculture is crucial for conservation and sustainable production. Viticulture impacts on ecosystems, and birds, which are highly sensitive to human-induced changes, play key roles in vineyards. Birds may be affected by in-field management, but most studies have focused on larger spatial scales. Understanding field-level effects is fundamental: adjusting field-scale management to accommodate biodiversity needs can be feasible and easy to incorporate into conservation schemes. We analysed the effects of parcel (homogeneous management unit of vineyards) characteristics/management on the abundance of avian functional groups and species richness. We sampled bird communities and vineyards characteristics (both management- and landscape-related ones) along 43 linear transects in Italy, in May-June 2024. We grouped birds into woody vegetation-dwelling insectivores, ground/grass-dwelling insectivores, seed eaters, and potential grape eaters. We modelled species richness and abundance of different groups (occurrence for granivores) in relation to parcel characteristics. Irrigation was negatively associated with species richness, vegetation-dwelling insectivores and granivores. Row tillage and use of herbicides along rows negatively impacted on vegetation-dwelling insectivores, likely reducing habitats and resources. Alternate mowing promoted granivores and reduced potential grape eaters. Ground vegetation promoted granivores when 10–25 cm-high, and potential grape eaters and species richness at 25–40 cm-height. Bare ground cover positively affected granivores and species richness, likely increasing food accessibility. Alternate mowing (every second inter-row), retaining some bare ground patches and reducing row tillage and herbicide applications represent a win-win solution, promoting both bird conservation and potential ecosystem services provided by avian species to viticulture.

协调生物多样性和农业对保护和可持续生产至关重要。葡萄栽培对生态系统的影响，以及对人为变化高度敏感的鸟类，在葡萄园中起着关键作用。鸟类可能受到野外管理的影响，但大多数研究都集中在更大的空间尺度上。了解田间水平的影响是根本的：调整田间规模的管理以适应生物多样性需求是可行的，而且很容易纳入保护计划。分析了地块（葡萄园同质管理单元）特征/管理对鸟类功能群丰度和物种丰富度的影响。我们于2024年5月至6月在意大利沿43个线性样带取样了鸟类群落和葡萄园特征（包括管理和景观相关的特征）。我们将鸟类分为木本植物食虫动物、地面/草栖食虫动物、种子食虫动物和潜在的葡萄食虫动物。我们模拟了物种丰富度和不同类群（花岗岩动物）的丰度与包裹特征的关系。灌溉与物种丰富度、食草昆虫和花岗动物呈负相关。行耕作和沿行使用除草剂对栖息在植被上的食虫动物产生负面影响，可能会减少栖息地和资源。交替刈割促进了花岗岩动物的生长，减少了潜在的葡萄食者。地面植被在10-25 cm高度促进了花岗岩食虫，在25-40 cm高度促进了潜在的葡萄食虫和物种丰富度。裸地覆盖对花岗岩动物和物种丰富度有积极影响，可能增加食物可及性。交替刈割（每隔一秒行间）、保留一些光秃秃的土地斑块、减少行耕和除草剂的使用是一个双赢的解决方案，既促进了鸟类保护，又促进了鸟类物种对葡萄栽培的潜在生态系统服务。

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引用次数: 0

Forest habitats improve biological control of Drosophila suzukii 森林生境有利于苏氏果蝇的生物防治

IF 6.4 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2025.110184

Giovanni Dal Zotto , Lorenzo Tonina , Silvia Ceroni , Nicola Mori , Lorenzo Marini

To date, significant efforts have been made to promote the biological control of Drosophila suzukii outside its native range. Recently, classical biological control using exotic parasitoids, both intentionally and accidentally introduced, has attracted considerable interest. In particular, adventive populations of Leptopilina japonica have been rapidly expanding in Europe and North America. In this study, we assessed how D. suzukii density, host plant species, season, and landscape composition and configuration influence this exotic parasitoid. We sampled elderberry, wild blackberry, and pokeweed fruits over two years from 27 sites in northeastern Italy selected to represent statistically independent gradients of forest cover and forest patch density. L. japonica exhibited a strong host-density response at the local scale, enabling it to track the temporal and spatial distribution of D. suzukii. This led to higher parasitism rates in late summer and in landscapes with greater forest habitat cover. Parasitism rates observed in plant species associated with forest habitats were positively correlated with forest cover and high patch density, highlighting the pivotal role of these habitats in supporting the biological control of D. suzukii. Thus, preserving complex agricultural landscapes is crucial for promoting biological control of D. suzukii and for facilitating the establishment of viable populations of natural enemies in pesticide-free areas where natural pest-regulation processes can operate.

迄今为止，人们已经做出了巨大的努力来促进铃木果蝇在其原生地以外的生物防治。近年来，利用有意或无意引入的外来拟寄生虫进行传统生物防治引起了人们的广泛关注。特别是，外来的日本Leptopilina种群在欧洲和北美迅速扩张。本研究分析了铃木夜蛾密度、寄主植物种类、季节、景观组成和配置等因素对其的影响。我们对意大利东北部27个地点的接骨木、野生黑莓和美洲商陆果实进行了两年多的采样，这些地点的森林覆盖和森林斑块密度在统计上是独立的梯度。粳稻在局部尺度上表现出较强的寄主密度响应，使其能够跟踪铃木夜蛾的时空分布。这导致了夏末和森林栖息地覆盖面积较大的景观中较高的寄生率。与森林生境相关的植物寄生率与森林覆盖度和斑块密度呈正相关，表明森林生境在支持铃木夜蛾生物防治中的关键作用。因此，保护复杂的农业景观对于促进铃木夜蛾的生物防治和促进在无杀虫剂地区建立可生存的天敌种群至关重要，在这些地区，害虫自然调控过程可以发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0