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Health appeal appraisal and memory in older adults: the effects of goal and valence framing. 老年人健康诉求评价与记忆:目标和效价框架的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2079601
Lixia Yang, Dana Greenbaum, Justice Cupid, Maureen Reed

Relative to younger adults, older adults have a preference and memory advantage for appeals framed to focus on emotion goals (e.g., loving or caring) or positive outcomes (e.g., benefits of health behaviors). Here we examined whether combining goal (emotion vs. future) and valence framing (positive vs. negative) could optimize older adults' appraisal and memory for health appeals. Sixty younger (ages 18-29) and 60 older (ages 64-87) adults viewed, rated and recalled one of the four versions of a health pamphlet, each with a unique combination of goal and valence framing. The results showed a memory advantage for pamphlets focusing on emotion over future goals in both age groups. Older adults also showed a more favorable appraisal and a weak memory advantage for the positively- and emotion-framed pamphlet, relative to younger adults. Thus combining goal and valence framing could optimize the effectiveness of older adults' health appeal communication..

相对于年轻人,老年人对情感目标(例如,爱或关怀)或积极结果(例如,健康行为的好处)的呼吁有偏好和记忆优势。本研究考察了目标(情绪与未来)和效价框架(积极与消极)的结合是否能优化老年人对健康诉求的评价和记忆。60名年轻人(18-29岁)和60名老年人(64-87岁)观看、评价和回忆了四种版本的健康小册子中的一种,每一种都有独特的目标和效价框架组合。结果显示,在两个年龄组中,关注情感的小册子比关注未来目标的小册子更有记忆优势。与年轻人相比,老年人对积极和情绪框架的小册子也表现出更有利的评价和较弱的记忆优势。因此,目标框架与效价框架相结合可以优化老年人健康诉求沟通的效果。
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引用次数: 0
How well does the discrepancy between semantic and letter verbal fluency performance distinguish Alzheimer's dementia from typical aging? 语义和字母语言流畅性表现的差异在多大程度上区分了阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症和典型的衰老?
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2079602
Jean K Gordon, Haoxuan Chen

In Alzheimer's dementia (AD), greater declines in semantic fluency (SF) relative to letter fluency (LF) have been assumed to reflect semantic disintegration. However, the same pattern is observed in typical aging and neurodegenerative disorders besides AD. We examined this assumption by comparing different aspects of SF and LF performance in older adults with and without dementia, and identifying which verbal fluency measures most clearly distinguish AD from typical aging. Verbal fluency data were compared from 109 individuals with AD and 66 typically aging adults. Correct items, clusters, and errors were analyzed using both raw counts and proportions. Regression analyses examined Task-by-Group interactions and the impact of demographic variables on verbal fluency measures. ROC analyses examined the sensitivity and specificity of the different outcome measures. In regressions, interactions were found for raw but not proportional data, indicating that different group patterns were driven largely by the number of correct items produced. Similarly, in ROC analyses, raw SF totals showed stronger discriminability between groups than either raw discrepancy scores (SF-LF) or discrepancy ratios (SF/LF). Age and cognitive status (MMSE) were the strongest individual predictors of performance. Findings suggest that AD entails quantitative declines in verbal fluency, but qualitatively similar patterns of performance relative to typically aging adults. Thus, SF declines in AD seem to be at least partially attributable to an exaggeration of the underlying mechanisms common to typical aging, and do not necessarily implicate semantic disintegration.

在阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症(AD)中,语义流畅性(SF)相对于字母流畅性(LF)的下降被认为反映了语义瓦解。然而,除了AD之外,在典型的衰老和神经退行性疾病中也观察到相同的模式。我们通过比较老年痴呆症患者和非老年痴呆症患者SF和LF表现的不同方面来检验这一假设,并确定哪种语言流畅性测量最清楚地区分AD和典型衰老。对109名AD患者和66名典型老年人的语言流畅性数据进行了比较。使用原始计数和比例对正确项目、聚类和错误进行分析。回归分析检验了任务组交互作用和人口变量对语言流畅性测量的影响。ROC分析检验了不同结果测量的敏感性和特异性。在回归中,发现了原始但非比例数据的相互作用,表明不同的组模式主要是由产生的正确项目的数量驱动的。同样,在ROC分析中,与原始差异评分(SF-LF)或差异比(SF/LF)相比,原始SF总数在组间表现出更强的区别性。年龄和认知状态(MMSE)是表现最强的个体预测因子。研究结果表明,阿尔茨海默氏症导致语言流利程度的定量下降,但与典型的老年人相比,在质量上的表现模式相似。因此,AD患者的SF下降似乎至少部分归因于典型衰老共同的潜在机制的夸大,而不一定意味着语义解体。
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引用次数: 2
Recall and recognition subtests of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status and their relationship to biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. 用于评估神经心理状态的可重复电池的回忆和识别子测试及其与阿尔茨海默病生物标志物的关系。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2124229
Matthew J Euler, Kevin Duff, Jace B King, John M Hoffman

Recently, two new recognition subtests for the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were developed and initially validated in a cohort of older adults who were cognitively intact or classified as amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current paper extends that validation by comparing the recall and recognition subtests of the RBANS, including the existing and recently developed scores, to three commonly used biomarkers in AD in an expanded sample from the initial validation. One hundred fifty-four older adults (65 intact, 46 MCI, 43 AD) were administered the RBANS, which included the recently developed subtests for Story Recognition and Figure Recognition (hits, false positives, total correct), as part of a study on memory and biomarkers. Participants also completed magnetic resonance imaging to obtain hippocampal volumes, positron emission tomography to obtain amyloid plaque deposition, and a blood draw to obtain APOE ε4 status. Whereas correlations between recall scores and biomarkers tended to be moderate (average r = ±0.48), these correlations were comparable across the three recognition total scores (average r = ±0.42), but tended to be lower for recognition hits (average r = ±0.28) and false positives (average r = ±0.38). These results further validate the existing and recently developed recognition scores on the RBANS as providing useful information about brain and genetic pathology in older adults with intact and impaired cognitive functioning.

最近,在一组认知完整或被归类为遗忘性轻度认知障碍(MCI)或轻度阿尔茨海默病(AD)的老年人中,开发了两个新的神经心理状态评估重复电池组(RBANS)的识别子测试,并进行了初步验证。目前的论文通过将RBANS的回忆和识别子测验(包括现有和最近开发的分数)与初始验证扩展样本中AD中常用的三种生物标志物进行比较,扩展了验证范围。作为记忆和生物标志物研究的一部分,154名老年人(65名完整,46名MCI,43名AD)接受了RBANS,其中包括最近开发的故事识别和图形识别的子测试(命中、假阳性、完全正确)。参与者还完成了磁共振成像以获得海马体积,正电子发射断层扫描以获得淀粉样斑块沉积,以及抽血以获得APOEε4状态。尽管回忆得分和生物标志物之间的相关性往往中等(平均r=±0.48),但这些相关性在三个识别总分中具有可比性(平均r=±0.42),但识别命中率(平均r=±0.28)和假阳性率(平均r=±0.38)往往较低。这些结果进一步验证了RBANS上现有和最近开发的识别评分,为认知功能完整和受损的老年人提供了有关大脑和遗传病理学的有用信息。
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引用次数: 0
Cognitive reserve and emotion recognition in the context of normal aging. 正常衰老背景下的认知储备与情绪识别。
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2079603
Sofia Guerrini, Edyta Monika Hunter, Costanza Papagno, Sarah E MacPherson
ABSTRACT The Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis accounts for individual differences in vulnerability to age- or pathological-related brain changes. It suggests lifetime influences (e.g., education) increase the effectiveness of cognitive processing in later life. While evidence suggests CR proxies predict cognitive performance in older age, it is less clear whether CR proxies attenuate age-related decline on social cognitive tasks. This study investigated the effect of CR proxies on unimodal and cross-modal emotion identification. Sixty-six older adults aged 60–78 years were assessed on CR proxies (Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire, NART), unimodal(faces only, voices only), and cross-modal (faces and voices combined) emotion recognition and executive function (Stroop Test). No CR proxy predicted performance on emotion recognition. However, NART IQ predicted performance on the Stroop test; higher NART IQ was associated with better performance. The current study suggests CR proxies do not predict performance on social cognition tests but do predict performance on cognitive tasks.
认知储备(CR)假说解释了个体对年龄或病理相关大脑变化的脆弱性差异。研究表明,终身影响(如教育)会增加晚年认知加工的有效性。虽然有证据表明,CR代理可以预测老年人的认知表现,但CR代理是否会减弱与年龄相关的社会认知任务下降尚不清楚。本研究探讨了CR代理对单模态和跨模态情绪识别的影响。对66名年龄在60-78岁的老年人进行了CR代理(认知储备指数问卷,NART)、单模态(仅面部、仅声音)和跨模态(面部和声音结合)情绪识别和执行功能(Stroop测试)的评估。没有CR代理预测情绪识别的表现。然而,NART IQ预测了Stroop测试的表现;NART智商越高,表现越好。目前的研究表明,CR代理不能预测社会认知测试的表现,但可以预测认知任务的表现。
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引用次数: 1
Not all mentally stimulating activities are alike: insights from a 4-factor model and implications for late-life cognition. 并非所有的精神刺激活动都是相似的:来自四因素模型的见解以及对晚年认知的影响。
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2094878
Adam Vujic, Loren Mowszowski, Susanne Meares, Jennifer Batchelor, Sharon L Naismith

It is not yet known which specific qualities of cognitively stimulating activities are most likely to enhance cognitive reserve in older adults. Taking an inductive approach to this problem, we asked 504 older adults with subjective and/or cognitive impairment to complete the Cognitively Stimulating Activities Questionnaire (CSA-Q). Exploratory factor analysis identified a 4-factor structure within a split-half sample, after which confirmatory factor analysis cross-validated the model. Retaining 12 CSA-Q items, the 4 factors were dubbed CSA-Processing, CSA-ChallengingCSA-Connecting and CSA-Socializing. Resulting factor weights were analyzed relative to cognitive reserve proxies and neuropsychological domains. All factors except CSA-Challenging were positively linked to cognitive reserve. Neuropsychologically, CSA-Challenging was modestly and positively correlated with processing speed and executive function, while CSA-Processing was positively correlated with executive function. CSA-Socializing had a small positive correlation with processing speed. Our findings offer new insights into late-life stimulating activities, laying the groundwork for longitudinal and intervention studies.

目前还不清楚哪些特定的认知刺激活动最有可能增强老年人的认知储备。采用归纳方法,我们对504名主观和/或认知障碍的老年人进行了认知刺激活动问卷调查(CSA-Q)。探索性因子分析在一分为二的样本中确定了一个4因素结构,之后验证性因子分析交叉验证了模型。这4个因素保留了12个CSA-Q项目,分别被命名为csa -加工、csa -挑战、csa -连接和csa -社交。结果分析了相对于认知储备代理和神经心理学领域的因素权重。除csa挑战外,其他因素均与认知储备呈正相关。神经心理学上,csa挑战与加工速度、执行功能呈适度正相关,csa加工与执行功能呈显著正相关。csa -社会化与处理速度有小的正相关。我们的发现为老年刺激活动提供了新的见解,为纵向和干预研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Awareness of age-related change and its relationship with cognitive functioning and ageism. 认识到年龄相关的变化及其与认知功能和年龄歧视的关系。
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2088682
Abigail R Voelkner, Grace I L Caskie

 .Given ageism's negative impacts on older adults, the theoretical model for awareness of age-related change (AARC) hypothesized that experiencing ageism may mediate the relationship of cognitive functioning to AARC. We tested this hypothesis and alternatively proposed that cognitive functioning mediated the relationship of ageism to AARC. Analyses were conducted using measures of memory and inductive reasoning for 215 older adults (66-90 years) recruited online. Significant direct effects of ageism, memory, and inductive reasoning and significant mediated effects were found in both models, with more support for cognition mediating the relationship between ageism and AARC than for ageism mediating the relationship between cognitive functioning and AARC. This study added to the literature by empirically investigating theoretically proposed antecedents of AARC. Policymakers should address ageism to support healthy aging. Findings may assist therapists working to help older adults gain insights regarding how ageism impacts cognitive functioning and awareness of age-related changes.

鉴于年龄歧视对老年人的负面影响,年龄相关变化意识(AARC)理论模型假设经历年龄歧视可能介导认知功能与AARC的关系。我们验证了这一假设,并提出认知功能介导了年龄歧视与AARC的关系。研究人员对网上招募的215名老年人(66-90岁)进行了记忆和归纳推理测试。年龄歧视、记忆和归纳推理在两个模型中均存在显著的直接效应和显著的中介效应,表明认知在年龄歧视与AARC之间的中介作用强于年龄歧视在认知功能与AARC之间的中介作用。本研究通过实证调查理论提出的AARC前因,对文献进行了补充。政策制定者应解决年龄歧视问题,以支持健康老龄化。研究结果可能有助于治疗师帮助老年人了解年龄歧视如何影响认知功能和对年龄相关变化的认识。
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引用次数: 4
Subjective cognitive complaints in White and African American older adults: associations with demographic, mood, cognitive, and neuroimaging features. 白人和非裔美国老年人的主观认知主诉:与人口统计学、情绪、认知和神经影像学特征的关系
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-21 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249181
Felicia C Goldstein, Maureen Okafor, Zhiyi Yang, Tiffany Thomas, Sabria Saleh, Ihab Hajjar

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) in cognitively intact older adults have been investigated as a clinically important symptom that may portend the onset of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer's disease. Few studies have concurrently incorporated demographic features, depressive symptoms, neuropsychological status, and neuroimaging correlates of SCC and evaluated whether these differ in White and African American older adults. In the current study, 131 (77 White, 54 African American) healthy participants ≥50 years old completed the Cognitive Function Instrument (CFI) to assess SCC, and they underwent objective cognitive testing, assessment of mood, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Pearson Product Moment correlations were performed to evaluate associations of the CFI self-ratings with the above measures for the combined group and separately for White and African American participants. SCC were associated with greater depressive symptoms in both White and African American participants in adjusted models controlling for overall cognitive status, education, and hypertension. Greater white matter hyperintensities, lower cortical thickness, older age, and slower set shifting speed were associated with increased SCC in White participants. Although the correlations were not significant for African Americans, the strength of the associations were comparable to White participants. Hippocampal volume was not associated with either total SCC or items specific to memory functioning in the entire group. Longitudinal studies are needed to further evaluate the clinical significance of these associations with risk of conversion to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

认知完整的老年人的主观认知抱怨(SCC)作为一种重要的临床症状被研究,可能预示着神经退行性疾病如阿尔茨海默病的发病。很少有研究同时纳入SCC的人口学特征、抑郁症状、神经心理状态和神经影像学相关因素,并评估这些因素在白人和非裔美国老年人中是否存在差异。在本研究中,131名年龄≥50岁的健康参与者(77名白人,54名非裔美国人)完成了认知功能工具(CFI)评估SCC,并进行了客观认知测试、情绪评估和脑磁共振成像。使用Pearson积矩相关性来评估CFI自我评分与上述联合组以及白人和非裔美国人参与者的关联。在控制整体认知状态、教育和高血压的调整模型中,白人和非裔美国人参与者的SCC与更大的抑郁症状相关。白质较高的高密度、较低的皮质厚度、年龄较大和较慢的设定转移速度与白人参与者SCC的增加有关。尽管这种相关性在非裔美国人中并不显著,但这种关联的强度与白人参与者相当。在整个组中,海马体积与总SCC或特定记忆功能项目无关。需要进行纵向研究来进一步评估这些与转化为轻度认知障碍和痴呆风险相关的临床意义。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity of memory subtests and learning slopes from the ADAS-Cog to distinguish along the continuum of the NIA-AA Research Framework for Alzheimer's Disease. 从ADAS-Cog的记忆子测试和学习斜率的敏感性来区分NIA-AA研究框架对阿尔茨海默病的连续性。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2120957
Dustin B Hammers, Ralitsa V Kostadinova, Robert J Spencer, Jean N Ikanga, Frederick W Unverzagt, Shannon L Risacher, Liana G Apostolova

Despite extensive use of the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) in AD research, exploration of memory subtests or process scores from the measure has been limited. The current study sought to establish validity for the ADAS-Cog Word Recall Immediate and Delayed Memory subtests and learning slope scores by showing that they are sensitive to AD biomarker status. Word Recall subtest and learning slope scores were calculated for 441 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (aged 55 to 90). All participants were categorized using the NIA-AA Research Framework - based on PET-imaging of β-amyloid (A) and tau (T) deposition - as Normal AD Biomarkers (A-T-), Alzheimer's Pathologic Change (A + T-), or Alzheimer's disease (A + T+). Memory subtest and learning slope performances were compared between biomarker status groups, and with regard to how well they discriminated samples with (A + T+) and without (A-T-) biomarkers. Lower Word Recall memory subtest scores - and scores for a particular learning slope calculation, the Learning Ratio - were observed for the AD (A + T+) group than the other biomarker groups. Memory subtest and Learning Ratio scores further displayed fair to good receiver operator characteristics when differentiating those with and without AD biomarkers. When comparing across learning slopes, the Learning Ratio metric consistently outperformed others. ADAS-Cog memory subtests and the Learning Ratio score are sensitive to AD biomarker status along the continuum of the NIA-AA Research Framework, and the results offer criterion validity for use of these subtests and process scores as unique markers of memory capacity.

尽管阿尔茨海默病(AD)评估量表-认知子量表(ADAS-Cog)在AD研究中广泛使用,但对记忆子测试或过程分数的探索仍然有限。本研究试图通过显示ADAS-Cog单词回忆即时和延迟记忆子测试以及学习斜率分数对AD生物标志物状态的敏感性来建立其有效性。计算了来自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学倡议的441名参与者(55至90岁)的单词回忆子测试和学习斜率分数。所有参与者使用NIA-AA研究框架-基于β-淀粉样蛋白(A)和tau (T)沉积的pet成像-分类为正常AD生物标志物(A-T-),阿尔茨海默病病理改变(A + T-)或阿尔茨海默病(A + T+)。比较不同生物标记物状态组的记忆子测试和学习斜率的表现,以及他们区分有(A + T+)和没有(A-T-)生物标记物的样本的能力。与其他生物标志物组相比,AD (a + T+)组的单词回忆记忆子测试分数和特定学习斜率计算的分数(学习率)较低。在区分有和没有AD生物标志物的患者时,记忆子测试和学习率得分进一步显示出公平到良好的接收者操作员特征。当比较学习斜率时,学习比率指标始终优于其他指标。在NIA-AA研究框架的连续体中,ADAS-Cog记忆子测试和学习率分数对AD生物标志物状态敏感,结果为使用这些子测试和过程分数作为记忆容量的独特标记提供了标准有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between cognitive reserve, brain volume, and neuropsychological performance in amnestic and nonamnestic MCI. 遗忘型和非遗忘型轻度认知损伤中认知储备、脑容量和神经心理表现的关系。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-26 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2161462
K Reiter, A M Butts, J K Janecek, A N Correro, A Nencka, M Agarwal, M Franczak, L Glass Umfleet

Cognitive Reserve (CR) is a theoretical construct that influences the onset and course of cognitive and structural changes that occur with aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). There is a paucity of research that examines the relationship of CR and brain volumes in amnestic (aMCI) and nonamnestic (naMCI) separately. This study is a retrospective chart review of MCI patients who underwent neuropsychological evaluation and brain MRI with NeuroReader™ (NR). NR is an FDA-cleared software that standardizes MRI volumes to a control sample. Classifications of aMCI and naMCI were based on Petersen criteria. CR was measured as education, occupation, and word reading. Data analysis included bivariate correlations between CR, neuropsychological test scores, and NR-brain volumes by MCI subtype. The Benjamini-Hochberg method corrected for multiple comparisons. The sample included 91 participants with aMCI and 41 with naMCI. Within naMCI, positive correlations were observed between CR and whole brain volume, total gray matter, bifrontal, left parietal, left occipital, and bilateral cerebellum. Within aMCI, no significant correlations were observed between CR and brain volumes. Positive correlations with CR were observed in language, attention, and visual learning in both aMCI and naMCI groups. The current study adds to the minimal literature on CR and naMCI. Results revealed that CR is associated with volumetrics in naMCI only, though cognitive findings were similar in both MCI groups. Possible explanations include heterogeneous disease pathologies, disease stage, or a differential influence of CR on volumetrics in MCI. Additional longitudinal and biomarker studies will better elucidate this relationship.

认知储备(Cognitive Reserve, CR)是一种影响衰老和轻度认知障碍(mild Cognitive impairment, MCI)发生的认知和结构变化的理论概念。在健忘症(aMCI)和非健忘症(naMCI)中,分别研究CR与脑容量的关系的研究很少。本研究是对接受神经心理学评估和NeuroReader™(NR)脑MRI的MCI患者的回顾性图表回顾。NR是一款获得fda批准的软件,可将对照样本的MRI体积标准化。aMCI和naMCI的分类基于Petersen标准。CR通过教育、职业和文字阅读来衡量。数据分析包括按MCI亚型划分的CR、神经心理测试分数和nr -脑容量之间的双变量相关性。benjamin - hochberg方法对多重比较进行了修正。样本包括91名aMCI患者和41名naMCI患者。在naMCI中,CR与全脑体积、总灰质、双额、左顶叶、左枕叶和双侧小脑呈正相关。在aMCI中,CR和脑容量之间没有明显的相关性。aMCI组和naMCI组的语言、注意力和视觉学习均与CR呈正相关。目前的研究增加了关于CR和naMCI的最小文献。结果显示,尽管认知结果在两组MCI中相似,但CR仅在naMCI中与容量相关。可能的解释包括异质性疾病病理、疾病分期或CR对MCI容量的不同影响。额外的纵向和生物标志物研究将更好地阐明这种关系。
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引用次数: 0
Fostering cognitive performance in older adults with a process- and a strategy-based cognitive training. 以过程和策略为基础的认知训练促进老年人的认知表现。
IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2105298
Barbara Studer-Luethi, Valérie Boesch, Simon Lusti, Beat Meier

       The present study investigates the impact of process-based and strategy-based cognitive training to boost performance in healthy older adults. Three groups trained with either a dichotic listening training (process-based training, n = 25), an implementation intention strategy training (strategy-based training, n = 23), or served as a non-contact control group (n = 30). Our results demonstrated that training participants improved their performance in the trained tasks (process-based training: d = 3.01, strategy-based training: d = 2.6). For untrained tasks, the process-based training group showed significant working memory (d = .58) as well as episodic memory task improvement (d = 1.19) compared to the strategy-based training and to the non-contact control group (all d < .03). In contrast, in the strategy-based training group there was a tendency towards some performance gain in a fluid intelligence test (d = .92). These results indicate that cognitive training can be tailored to improve specific cognitive abilities.

本研究调查了基于过程和基于策略的认知训练对提高健康老年人表现的影响。三组接受二分听力训练(基于过程的训练,n = 25),实施意图策略训练(基于策略的训练,n = 23),或作为非接触对照组(n = 30)。我们的研究结果表明,培训参与者提高了他们在训练任务中的表现(基于过程的培训:d = 3.01,基于策略的培训:d = 2.6)。对于非训练任务,与基于策略的训练组和非接触对照组相比,基于过程的训练组表现出显著的工作记忆(d = 0.58)和情景记忆任务改善(d = 1.19)(均d < .03)。相比之下,在基于策略的训练组中,在流体智力测试中有一些表现提高的趋势(d = .92)。这些结果表明,认知训练可以量身定制,以提高特定的认知能力。
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引用次数: 2
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Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition
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