Arztliche Jugendkunde最新文献

This survey sheds light on the historical background and contemporary situation of social paediatrics as an area of responsibility and a principle of integration in modern paediatric practice. The structures, workings and goals of the concept of centres for social paediatrics in the context of developmental rehabilitation are outlined here.

Blood pressure measurements have been taken for ten years or more on the basis of a standard programme as part of the paediatric mass screening, starting with the second medical examination for school entrance. They have now become an integral component of this checkup routine. The following recommendations are made for a revised prophylactic examination programme: enlargement of case history questionnaire on arterial hypertension, maintenance of present valid norms and recommendations for medical attention in cases of high blood pressure risk, and blood pressure measurements for school entrants in grades 6 and 9.

The problem due to alcoholism in adolescents are shown with regard to epidemiology, genetics, transcultural aspects, and the influences of the family and the group of peers. The main aim in this connection is the trial and endeavor to moderate and to cultivate alcohol drinking as an ingredient of our social-cultural life. This is an obligation for the whole society.

The orthodontic treatment of cleft palate patients extends from birth to youth and is divided into three phases: pre-operative phase, deciduous dentition, mixed and permanent dentition. Therapeutic concepts for each particular phase are presented. Information is also provided on research into the growth of the jaw and face area in cleft palate patients compared with a control group.

The role of alcohol as an "entrance drug" to further addictive substances is described. Thereby the gradual increase of number and strength of drugs merits our special attention. Moreover the fetal alcohol syndrome and its prevention is an especially important point of view.

This critical survey presents arguments in favour of different dates for admitting boys and girls to school. The authors refer to their own research to demonstrate that differences in the speed of maturing have negative educational consequences for young school children, especially boys, which could be avoided in a future school system with more flexible dates for school entrance.

340 infants of mothers with type I diabetes (IDM) were examined during the neonatal period for gestational age, somatic data and clinical symptoms of diabetogenic foetopathy and assigned to one of three groups: group I--those whose weight development was delayed or appropriate for gestational age and without symptoms of foetopathy; group II--neonates who were overweight or of appropriate weight for their gestational age and who showed clear symptoms of foetopathy; group III--macrosomic infants (weight and length in advance of gestational age) without any major symptoms of foetopathy. In a pilot study preparing for more comprehensive follow up, 20 children from each group were examined in their fourth year to check their psychomotor and somatic development. To evaluate their growth additional data obtained on IDMs by correspondence were included. Although the group as whole showed a normal weight development for the fourth year with a low obesity rate (8.4%), the distribution among the three groups proved non-homogenous. 11.4% of the macrosomic children were overweight; this comprises 57% of all the obese children registered. There was a still clearer trend towards macrosomia among the children in groups II and III where the average age: length percentiles amounted to 57 and 67%. The psychological test showed an IQ of less than 95 in 16.7% of the cases distributed homogeneously among the different groups. With reference to their psychomotoric and language development the children examined were normal, some slight deviations in group II in walking and concentration ability need to be checked further. Our studies show that in children of diabetic mothers there are links between neonatal findings and later psychomotor and somatic development. A classification of newborns which goes beyond the usual establishment of percentiles for weight and gestational age seems appropriate in order to identify risk cases (macrosomia, obesity). A follow up study is required on a larger representative group and should be conducted at a more advanced age and not before the sixth year.