Arztliche Jugendkunde最新文献

This report provides actual information on birth, infancy childhood, and puberty, as well as the development until the marriageable age with respect to customs, ethnic, religious, and social factors of a population in the Shendi area (Sudan) sampled in the village of Umm'Ali: Informations of this nature might be important in view of planning, performance, and efficiency of medical and other measures of health policy directed on special populations.

Based on compared GDR-representative studies in 11 hospitals for gynaecology in the years 1976, 1981 and 1987 altogether 7.200 induced-terminations patients were asked about motivations and social factors of artificial abortion and used contraception. Results of interviews from 1.146 induced-termination patients younger then 20 years are given. Proceed from results propositions are leading away reduction the numbers of artificial abortions from young women.

Using a personality centered method psycho-socially disturbed adolescents aged between 17 and 22 years were treated by the intended dynamic group psychotherapy. An attempt was made to include the family in the care, which succeeded in 2/3 of the cases. The observations of the family dynamics are presented as follows: 1. a description of the dependence behaviour; 2. a phenomenologic description of disintegrating or rigid family structures; 3. the significance for therapeutic aims and prognosis is attached to the modalities of interaction according to Stierlin.

As a further result of a longitudinal study (conducted from 1979-1982) the somatic development figures for the skinfold thickness of 84 male and 91 female children from birth up to three years are presented. The Lange caliper was used to perform the measurements according to the recommendations of the International Biological Programme (8 sites of measurement on the right side of the body). The results for the development of skinfold thickness are similar to those of the Dortmund Study (1974), but in part quite different compared with earlier longitudinal studies (1956): our own investigations show a greater skinfold thickness during the first three months of life and thereafter lower figures up to the age of 18 months. The results are recommended by the authors as reference figures for the G.D.R.

The paper describes a new skinfold caliper for body fat evaluation. The operating pressure of the instrument is 10 p/mm2. Results are displayed on a dial.

An analysis was conducted of 1,064 child accident in-patients in the county of Suhl in 1983 and of 884 child accident out-patients in the district of Schmalkalden from July 14th, 1984 to July 13th 1985. The children were 1 to 15 years old. The analysis of the sites of the accidents was carried out with regard to age and sex. Conclusions about accident prevention were drawn from the analysis.

The caries frequency of 653 children between 2-4 years of age was followed up over 2 years. Only very few of two year old children showed a relative high incidence of caries. Among the 4 year old children the incidence of caries was particularly high. Caries is more prevalent among children who stay at home than among those attending créches. The difference is due to the absence or irregular use of fluoride tablets, to inadequate cleaning of teeth and a high consumption of sweets in the families. Pre-school children without siblings, and those whose parents are working in shifts, should more often undergo stomatological supervision because of their greater risk suspectibility to caries.

The head breadth and head length of 175 children (84 boys, 91 girls) were investigated from birth up to the age of three years. Boys were shown to have greater distance values. Growth increments and velocity did not differ between boys and girls. The velocity was highest in the first trimenon. The children of this study had a greater head length, therefore the value of their cephalic index was lower as described in previous investigations. The phenomenon of debrachycephalisation observed in our populations confirms previous observations.

Basing on a visit in Prague the author gives actual information on selected problems, present positions, and further development of the health care and control of children and adolescents in the Czechoslovakia.

The results are focussed on the three most important wishes and fears of 247 adolescents aged 14 years whose development is being followed from birth in the framework of the Rostock Longitudinal Study. The peace/war problem occupies a central position in the thinking of adolescents today. However there are no indications that the individual perception of and reflection on the nuclear threat impair psychic development nor is there any relation between political fears and the anxiety trait. The extension of personal wishes and fears to broader fields of significance and the facing up to world problems constitute signs of a maturing personality and a widened consciousness of reality. Psychic coping of such global fears will be facilitated the more the individual gains personal experience of the effectiveness of peace policies and activities--not least by making his/her own contribution.