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Arztliche Jugendkunde最新文献

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[Preventive health care for children in Sweden]. [瑞典儿童的预防性保健]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
R Kornfält

A review is given of structures, organization, function, and contemporary problems of preventive health care for children in Sweden. The importance of health education for their parents is emphasized.

对瑞典儿童预防保健的结构、组织、职能和当前问题进行了审查。强调了对家长进行健康教育的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
[Psychophysical prerequisites and mental performance of school children]. [学龄儿童的心理物理前提和心理表现]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
W Tiefenbach

By extensive investigations and statistical calculations it is possible to establish the psychophysical prerequisites for performance, which consist of "mental processing speed" and "vegetative reactivity". These can be developed by training and thus contribute to improved mental performance.

通过广泛的调查和统计计算,有可能确定表现的心理物理先决条件,包括“心理处理速度”和“植物人反应性”。这些可以通过训练来发展,从而有助于提高心理表现。
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引用次数: 0
[Psychophysical status of high school graduates. Results of sociologic studies]. 高中毕业生的心理生理状况。社会学研究的结果]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
P Lehnert

This article intends to describe the present state and development of the psychophysical state of health of GDR graduates. Special attention is given to various quantities influencing the state of health, above all job-related determinants. The empirical basis is an interval study, carried out by the Zentralinstitut für Jugendforschung Leipzig; this study registered and attended hundred of people from the beginning of their studies in 1970 during the following 15 years in seven intervals. Preferably social factors and determinants were studied empirically and partly problematical interrelations between health and working conditions and contents as well as critical development trends of health were pointed out. In this way important starting points for taking measures to influence exogene health determinants were fixed: especially questions of working contents, of correct appointment of graduates corresponding to their profession and qualification, of a permanent training of psycho-physical capabilities.

本文旨在描述民主德国毕业生心理生理健康状况的现状和发展。特别注意影响健康状况的各种数量,首先是与工作有关的决定因素。实证基础是一项区间研究,由德国莱比锡青年研究中心(Zentralinstitut fr Jugendforschung Leipzig);这项研究从1970年开始,在接下来的15年里,分7个时间段对数百人进行了登记和随访。最好是对社会因素和决定因素进行实证研究,并指出卫生与工作条件和内容之间部分有问题的相互关系以及卫生的关键发展趋势。通过这种方式,确定了采取措施影响外源性健康决定因素的重要起点:特别是工作内容、根据专业和资格正确任用毕业生、长期培训心理和身体能力等问题。
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引用次数: 0
[Youths and alcohol--drinking behavior of young people]. [青少年与酒精——年轻人的饮酒行为]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
M Reissig

On the basis of several representative research findings of the Central Institute of Youth Research the drinking habits of young people are described. Besides the frequency of drinking, the weekly overall consumption of alcohol, the consumption of different kinds of alcoholic beverages as well as the combinations preferred were ascertained. A habitual daily alcohol intake of more than 40 g of pure alcohol was found among one fifth of the male workers up to the age of 35 and among 14 per cent of the male apprentices, but only among three per cent of the male intellectuals. We analyzed the conditions which encourage the abuse of alcohol on the societal and individual level as well as within social groups, and thus derived some conclusions for the prevention of alcohol abuse among adolescents. An effective reduction in the abuse of alcohol can--in the long term--only be achieved by a wide range of societal measures. The first step is to make the population more aware of the problems resulting from the abuse of alcohol.

根据中央青年研究所的几项有代表性的研究结果,描述了年轻人的饮酒习惯。除了饮酒频率外,还确定了每周总体酒精消费量、不同种类酒精饮料的消费量以及偏好的组合。35岁以下的男性工人中有五分之一和14%的男性学徒每天习惯性地摄入40克以上的纯酒精,但只有3%的男性知识分子有这种习惯。我们从社会和个人层面以及社会群体内部分析了鼓励酗酒的条件,从而得出了预防青少年酗酒的一些结论。从长远来看,只有采取广泛的社会措施才能有效减少酒精滥用。第一步是使人民更加了解酗酒所造成的问题。
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引用次数: 0
[Body mass indices: results and problems in their application]. [体质指数:应用的结果与问题]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G W Ratzmann
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引用次数: 0
[Age and development related changes in counseling priorities for pediatric home visits]. [儿童家访中与年龄和发育相关的咨询优先级变化]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
B Lilie, I Grimmer

More home visits should be made in the context of prophylactic care for children up to three years of age, in order to come to grips with problems of child development likely to results from the inadequate knowledge and experience of parents and to promote age-adjusted motivation for the undisturbed development of their children. In this sense home visits can be an effective approach to primary prevention and a contribution to harmonious development in childhood. The priorities of counselling and their content are subject to change, depending on the age and development of the children involved. Examples are given of age-adjusted stimulation of development for one-year-old children. They are based on results of empirical investigations conducted between 1984 and 1987.

在对三岁以下儿童进行预防性护理的范围内,应该进行更多的家访,以便处理可能由于父母的知识和经验不足而造成的儿童发展问题,并促进适应年龄的动机,使其儿童不受干扰地发展。从这个意义上说,家访可以是一种有效的初级预防方法,并有助于儿童的和谐发展。根据所涉儿童的年龄和发展情况,咨询的优先次序及其内容可能会发生变化。给出了一岁儿童的年龄调整刺激发展的例子。它们是基于1984年至1987年间进行的实证调查的结果。
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引用次数: 0
[Age at menarche and age at marriage in earlier centuries]. [前几个世纪的初潮年龄和结婚年龄]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
P Stephan

Data from parish registers have been used to estimate the menarcheal age during the 17th and 18th centuries in a village population which lies in a part of the northern lower reaches of the Harz mountains. The results, obtained by using a formula developed by the author, agree with information obtained from authors of the 17th and 18th centuries. Data from the literature on the age of menarche and marriage from the classical period up to the present time are being reviewed and evaluated. The basic observation is that the longterm fluctuations of menarcheal age run concurrently with changes in the food resources available during the respective time spans.

来自教区登记册的数据被用来估计17世纪和18世纪在哈茨山脉北部下游的一个村庄人口的月经初潮年龄。使用作者开发的公式得到的结果与从17和18世纪的作者那里得到的信息一致。从古典时期到现在,关于月经初潮年龄和婚姻的文献数据正在被审查和评估。基本观察结果是,月经初潮年龄的长期波动与相应时间段内可用食物资源的变化同时发生。
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引用次数: 0
[Preventive cardiology in childhood and adolescence: risk factors, normal values and self measurement of blood pressure]. [儿童和青少年预防心脏病学:危险因素、正常值和自我测量血压]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G W Ratzmann
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引用次数: 0
[Growth chart for ages 0 to 3 years]. [0至3岁的成长图表]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G I Bewer, A Baudisch, W Lesener, U Hieronymi, H Mrochen

The body mass and body length of 84 boys and 91 girls were investigated from birth up to the age of three years. From these data growth charts were drawn up. The development of body mass and body length related to chronological age, on the one hand, and the development of body mass related to body length, on the other hand. were set out. The growth charts are recommended as standards for reference purposes.

对84名男孩和91名女孩从出生到3岁的体重和体长进行了调查。根据这些数据绘制了增长图表。一方面,体重和体长的发展与实足年龄有关,另一方面,体重的发展与体长有关。我们出发了。生长图表建议作为参考标准。
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引用次数: 0
[Blood pressure measurement by students--health education by peers]. [学生测量血压——同伴健康教育]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
V Schlegel

The involvement of trained laity (pupils) in the standardized measurement of blood pressure may be a further step in the total fight against hypertension. During a period of four school years 152 of 205 pupils successfully completed a training course for standardized measurement. These well trained pupils serve as promotors (multipliers) of health educational know how and attitudes among adolescents of the same age. In this way health education by pupils for pupils may be furthered.

训练有素的外行人(学生)参与血压的标准化测量可能是全面抗击高血压的又一步。在四个学年期间,205名学生中有152人成功地完成了标准化测量培训课程。这些训练有素的学生是同龄青少年健康教育知识和态度的推动者(倍增器)。这样,小学生对小学生的健康教育就可以得到进一步的发展。
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引用次数: 0
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Arztliche Jugendkunde
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