Arztliche Jugendkunde最新文献

This paper deals with some aspects of the work on establishing relationships with the parents and relatives of severely mentally handicapped children and adolescents. Some of the emotional strains, frustrations and tensions experienced by the care-"experts" are discussed. On the basis of many years of personal experience and with reference to the contemporary literature, it is evident that consistency with oneself, openness and realism are the necessary conditions for establishing an effective, constructive interaction between the rehabilitation team and the parents. For this purpose it is necessary to set aside unilateral expectations in relation to the "experts" with the resulting neurotic false attitudes on both sides. In this way it is also possible effectively to avoid the phenomenon of the being "burned out" and an inappropriate "helper syndrome" among the mental health workers. Such phenomena obstacles to the optimum rehabilitation of the mentally handicapped and to effective work with the parents.

This is a review about the secular acceleration of psychic an somatic development over the last two decades. Based on empirical studies published in this field, the final tendency of this trend in growth and puberty, its continuance in sexual behaviour and mental capacity, as the possible consequences for personality development are discussed. The secular trend is interpreted as an effect of modification limited for genetic and ecological reasons.

The main symptoms of chronic skin diseases, genodermatoses, malformations of the skin and phacomatoses affecting the physical and psychological development of the child are described. The advantages of early diagnosis are emphasised and recommendations made for strategies of medical care.

In 1985 and 1986 anthropologic measurements at 18 measurements points were conducted on 1,584 children at the age of 3 months. We evaluated these measurements by means of correlation-, factor- and principal characteristic analysis. Three groups of correlating measurements were found: length, skeleton robustness and body mass. The following measurements are recommended as most important for physical investigations of babies: for length: height and arm length; for skeleton robustness: shoulder width; for body mass: weight and subscapular skinfold thickness.

This longitudinal study of blood pressure in adolescents contains the mean and regression of systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to the metric index as the body mass index. The results show higher levels of blood pressure in pyknopyknomorphs than in mesomorphs and lepto-leptomorphs.

For the period of 1981-1984 the author collected data on the menarche age of more than 32 thousand girls aged between 10-18.5 years by the so-called status-quo method. The evaluation was carried out by means of 19 factors. A model was developed on purpose to prognosticate the age of menarche.

Results of anthropometric measurements and determination of the state of sexual maturation in 8703 girls and 8685 boys aged between 8-16 years show that, if these results are related to the nutritional state, the development of the signs of sexual maturity is dependently on the nutritional state.

Growth monitoring is a sensitive tool and an indicator of the nutritional status of a population. The stressors may interfere by delaying maturation (timing effect) or by lowering the growth potential (intensity effect). In the same way, the secular trend is a translation of the past evolution of the environmental factors in a population.

Among 100 patients with premature synostosis of the coronal suture or of several cranial sutures there were 37 patients with problems of social adaptation. 54% of them had committed punishable offences and 22% were even recidivists. Sexual offenders with mental retardation predominated. Frontal lobe dysfunctions with increased susceptibility to environmental damages are assumed to be the basic disorder.

Methodological principles of functional diagnostics for children and adolescents in sports medicine are surveyed. Using the parameters heart rate and oxygen uptake, questions of the evaluation of measured functional values are discussed. Laboratory functional diagnostics can give indications of kind and localisation of performance reducing and/or incipient pathogenetic processes.