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Arztliche Jugendkunde最新文献

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[Psychosocial and emotional situation in the care of severely mentally handicapped children and adolescents]. [照顾严重智障儿童和青少年的社会心理和情感状况]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
W Zimmermann

This paper deals with some aspects of the work on establishing relationships with the parents and relatives of severely mentally handicapped children and adolescents. Some of the emotional strains, frustrations and tensions experienced by the care-"experts" are discussed. On the basis of many years of personal experience and with reference to the contemporary literature, it is evident that consistency with oneself, openness and realism are the necessary conditions for establishing an effective, constructive interaction between the rehabilitation team and the parents. For this purpose it is necessary to set aside unilateral expectations in relation to the "experts" with the resulting neurotic false attitudes on both sides. In this way it is also possible effectively to avoid the phenomenon of the being "burned out" and an inappropriate "helper syndrome" among the mental health workers. Such phenomena obstacles to the optimum rehabilitation of the mentally handicapped and to effective work with the parents.

本文论述了严重智障儿童和青少年与父母、亲属建立关系工作的几个方面。讨论了护理“专家”所经历的一些情绪紧张、挫折和紧张。根据多年的个人经验,并参考当代文献,与自己一致,开放和现实主义是建立康复团队与家长之间有效,建设性互动的必要条件。为此目的,有必要抛开与“专家”有关的单方面期望,以及由此产生的双方神经质的错误态度。这样也可以有效地避免精神卫生工作者中出现的“倦怠”现象和不适当的“帮助者综合症”。这种现象阻碍了智障儿童的最佳康复和与父母的有效合作。
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引用次数: 0
[Secular acceleration in psychological and somatic trends. A review]. [心理和身体趋势的长期加速。审查)。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
H D Rösler

This is a review about the secular acceleration of psychic an somatic development over the last two decades. Based on empirical studies published in this field, the final tendency of this trend in growth and puberty, its continuance in sexual behaviour and mental capacity, as the possible consequences for personality development are discussed. The secular trend is interpreted as an effect of modification limited for genetic and ecological reasons.

这是对过去二十年来身心发展长期加速的回顾。根据在这一领域发表的实证研究,讨论了这种趋势在生长和青春期的最终趋势,它在性行为和心理能力方面的持续,作为人格发展的可能后果。这种长期趋势被解释为由于遗传和生态原因而受到限制的转基因效应。
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引用次数: 0
[Detection of skin changes in children by preventive examinations]. [预防性检查对儿童皮肤变化的检测]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
H Albrecht-Nebe

The main symptoms of chronic skin diseases, genodermatoses, malformations of the skin and phacomatoses affecting the physical and psychological development of the child are described. The advantages of early diagnosis are emphasised and recommendations made for strategies of medical care.

描述了影响儿童身心发育的慢性皮肤病、遗传性皮肤病、皮肤畸形和淋巴瘤的主要症状。强调早期诊断的优势,并对医疗保健策略提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
[Analysis of the correlation of 18 physical measurements in 3-month-old children]. [3月龄儿童18项体格指标相关性分析]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
E Bähnisch

In 1985 and 1986 anthropologic measurements at 18 measurements points were conducted on 1,584 children at the age of 3 months. We evaluated these measurements by means of correlation-, factor- and principal characteristic analysis. Three groups of correlating measurements were found: length, skeleton robustness and body mass. The following measurements are recommended as most important for physical investigations of babies: for length: height and arm length; for skeleton robustness: shoulder width; for body mass: weight and subscapular skinfold thickness.

1985年和1986年,在18个测量点对1584名3个月大的儿童进行了人类学测量。我们通过相关分析、因子分析和主特征分析来评估这些测量结果。他们发现了三组相关的测量数据:长度、骨骼健壮性和体重。以下是对婴儿身体调查最重要的测量方法:长度:身高和臂长;对于骨架坚固性:肩宽;体重:体重和肩胛下皮褶厚度。
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引用次数: 0
[Metric index and blood pressure values in 15-year-old students]. [15岁学生的计量指标和血压值]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
D Vollmann

This longitudinal study of blood pressure in adolescents contains the mean and regression of systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to the metric index as the body mass index. The results show higher levels of blood pressure in pyknopyknomorphs than in mesomorphs and lepto-leptomorphs.

这项青少年血压的纵向研究包含了收缩压和舒张压的均值和回归,根据度量指数作为体重指数。结果显示,小瘦型的血压水平高于中瘦型和瘦瘦型。
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引用次数: 0
[A method for predicting the onset of menarche]. [预测月经初潮开始的方法]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
G L Farkas

For the period of 1981-1984 the author collected data on the menarche age of more than 32 thousand girls aged between 10-18.5 years by the so-called status-quo method. The evaluation was carried out by means of 19 factors. A model was developed on purpose to prognosticate the age of menarche.

在1981-1984年期间,作者用所谓的现状法收集了3.2万多名10-18.5岁女孩月经初潮年龄的数据。采用19个因素进行评价。建立了一个模型来预测月经初潮的年龄。
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引用次数: 0
[Development of sex characteristics in relation to nutritional status]. [与营养状况有关的性别特征的发展]。
Pub Date : 1990-01-01
C Schramek

Results of anthropometric measurements and determination of the state of sexual maturation in 8703 girls and 8685 boys aged between 8-16 years show that, if these results are related to the nutritional state, the development of the signs of sexual maturity is dependently on the nutritional state.

对8703名8-16岁的女孩和8685名男孩的性成熟状态进行人体测量和测定的结果表明,如果这些结果与营养状况有关,那么性成熟迹象的发展取决于营养状况。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrition and growth. A review. 营养和生长。复习一下。
Pub Date : 1989-01-01
C Susanne

Growth monitoring is a sensitive tool and an indicator of the nutritional status of a population. The stressors may interfere by delaying maturation (timing effect) or by lowering the growth potential (intensity effect). In the same way, the secular trend is a translation of the past evolution of the environmental factors in a population.

生长监测是一种敏感的工具,也是一个群体营养状况的指标。压力源可能通过延迟成熟(时间效应)或降低生长潜力(强度效应)来干扰。同样,长期趋势是对人口中环境因素过去演变的翻译。
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引用次数: 0
[Premature craniosynostosis is related to increased criminal behavior in adolescence]. [颅缝早闭与青少年犯罪行为增加有关]。
Pub Date : 1989-01-01
P Fehlow

Among 100 patients with premature synostosis of the coronal suture or of several cranial sutures there were 37 patients with problems of social adaptation. 54% of them had committed punishable offences and 22% were even recidivists. Sexual offenders with mental retardation predominated. Frontal lobe dysfunctions with increased susceptibility to environmental damages are assumed to be the basic disorder.

100例冠状缝合线或数条颅缝合线早闭患者中有37例存在社会适应问题。其中54%的人犯下了应受惩罚的罪行,22%的人甚至是累犯。智力低下的性犯罪者居多。额叶功能障碍与对环境损害的易感性增加被认为是基本障碍。
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引用次数: 0
[Functional diagnosis in sports medicine in childhood and adolescence]. [儿童和青少年运动医学的功能诊断]。
Pub Date : 1989-01-01
K Koinzer

Methodological principles of functional diagnostics for children and adolescents in sports medicine are surveyed. Using the parameters heart rate and oxygen uptake, questions of the evaluation of measured functional values are discussed. Laboratory functional diagnostics can give indications of kind and localisation of performance reducing and/or incipient pathogenetic processes.

调查了儿童和青少年运动医学功能诊断的方法学原则。利用心率和摄氧量参数,讨论了测量功能值的评定问题。实验室功能诊断可以给出性能降低和/或早期发病过程的种类和局部指示。
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引用次数: 0
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Arztliche Jugendkunde
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