Introduction: Many recent publications have demonstrated that the cryptorchid testicle (and, to a lesser extent, the descended partner) are progressively injured from the second year of life onwards. Do these injuries occur in an organ which has been healthy up to this time or are they superimposed on a structurally abnormal testicle? In order to answer this, parts of cryptorchid testicles, of the descended partners, and of normal testicles were compared by histological examination of serial sections.
Material and methods: Parts of four testes from children aged 4-7 months (2 specimens obtained by biopsy and 2 from autoptic material) and parts of four testes from children 1 1/2 years old (2 obtained by biopsy and 2 from autoptic material) were examined. The biopsies were fixed in Stieve's fixative. Tissue samples from clinically healthy children who had died suddenly were fixed in 4% formalin. The tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially; 6 mum sections were stained with HE. The spermatogonia in each cross-section and in each oblique section of a same tubule were counted and the counts of the latter were adjusted to a cross-section 50-60 mum in diameter. This counting technique did not alter the density of spermatogonia. The graphs present data on the density of spermatogonia through the lengths of the tubules examined and demonstrate tubular branching and blind ends. In the first year of life the cryptorchid testis and its descended partner showed repeated long sections lacking spermatogonia in the same tubule, whereas in normal testes the spermatogonia were more evenly distributed. The cryptorchid testis showed increased tubule branching in the areas examined. In the second year of life the tubules of the cryptorchid testis and its descended partner manifest areas free of germ cells, increased branching, and blind ends. The cryptorchid testis also had a tubule completely free of spermatogonia. The germ cell-free parts were always associated with a smaller tubule diameter than normal. The normal testes did not disclose increased branching or spermatogonium-free areas within similar lengths of tubules and showed an even distribution of spermatogonia.
Discussion: The different distribution of spermatogonia within the tubules and the increased branching of the tubules in cryptorchid testes indicate a previous disturbance of testis development.
{"title":"[Tubular structure and germ cell distribution of cryptorchid or normal testes in early childhood (author's transl)].","authors":"H Knecht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many recent publications have demonstrated that the cryptorchid testicle (and, to a lesser extent, the descended partner) are progressively injured from the second year of life onwards. Do these injuries occur in an organ which has been healthy up to this time or are they superimposed on a structurally abnormal testicle? In order to answer this, parts of cryptorchid testicles, of the descended partners, and of normal testicles were compared by histological examination of serial sections.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Parts of four testes from children aged 4-7 months (2 specimens obtained by biopsy and 2 from autoptic material) and parts of four testes from children 1 1/2 years old (2 obtained by biopsy and 2 from autoptic material) were examined. The biopsies were fixed in Stieve's fixative. Tissue samples from clinically healthy children who had died suddenly were fixed in 4% formalin. The tissue was embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially; 6 mum sections were stained with HE. The spermatogonia in each cross-section and in each oblique section of a same tubule were counted and the counts of the latter were adjusted to a cross-section 50-60 mum in diameter. This counting technique did not alter the density of spermatogonia. The graphs present data on the density of spermatogonia through the lengths of the tubules examined and demonstrate tubular branching and blind ends. In the first year of life the cryptorchid testis and its descended partner showed repeated long sections lacking spermatogonia in the same tubule, whereas in normal testes the spermatogonia were more evenly distributed. The cryptorchid testis showed increased tubule branching in the areas examined. In the second year of life the tubules of the cryptorchid testis and its descended partner manifest areas free of germ cells, increased branching, and blind ends. The cryptorchid testis also had a tubule completely free of spermatogonia. The germ cell-free parts were always associated with a smaller tubule diameter than normal. The normal testes did not disclose increased branching or spermatogonium-free areas within similar lengths of tubules and showed an even distribution of spermatogonia.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The different distribution of spermatogonia within the tubules and the increased branching of the tubules in cryptorchid testes indicate a previous disturbance of testis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 3","pages":"249-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11237008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80173-4
G. Brandt , M. Stolte
Introduction
Postmortem investigation of esophageal varices and the portal system is difficult, because veins are collapsed at autopsy. The demonstration of varices is possible by illumination of the isolated mucous membrane or by puncturing esophageal varices and filling them with different materials.
Material and methods
We use a 15% aqueous gelatine solution (if needed with additional barium sulfate for x-ray examination) which is supplemented by 40% formaldehyde (40 ml in 1 l gelatine solution). The superior mesenteric vein is catheterized and filled by a clyster-pump.
Results
The mixture of gelatine and formaldehyde hardens within a few minutes. The autopsy is delayed only about half an hour. Within this time the portal system is well outlined. This method can show exactly the drainage of the portal system into the inferior vena cava. In cases of portocaval shunt or of esophageal transsection the result of the operation can be verified. The localization of the bleeding source of esophageal varices can be demonstrated by escape of the filling mass.
{"title":"Postmortale Darstellung des portalen Kollateralkreislaufes","authors":"G. Brandt , M. Stolte","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80173-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80173-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Postmortem investigation of esophageal varices and the portal system is difficult, because veins are collapsed at autopsy. The demonstration of varices is possible by illumination of the isolated mucous membrane or by puncturing esophageal varices and filling them with different materials.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>We use a 15% aqueous gelatine solution (if needed with additional barium sulfate for x-ray examination) which is supplemented by 40% formaldehyde (40 ml in 1 l gelatine solution). The superior mesenteric vein is catheterized and filled by a clyster-pump.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mixture of gelatine and formaldehyde hardens within a few minutes. The autopsy is delayed only about half an hour. Within this time the portal system is well outlined. This method can show exactly the drainage of the portal system into the inferior vena cava. In cases of portocaval shunt or of esophageal transsection the result of the operation can be verified. The localization of the bleeding source of esophageal varices can be demonstrated by escape of the filling mass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 3","pages":"Pages 307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80173-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55611908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80029-7
U. Löhrs , H. Arnholdt
Following a previous study with experimental short-term, high-grade uremia the changes of the small and large intestinal mucosa of rats with surgically induced chronic renal insufficiency were analysed. A clear tendency to inhibition of the rate of the physiological cell regeneration by prolongation of the mitotic cycle in correlation to the degree of renal insufficiency could be demonstrated. There was a extension of the generation time up to 40% in ileum and up to 50% in the large intestine in the animal group with the relatively highest degree of renal insufficiency. This extension was mainly due to a prolongation of the postmitotic G1-phase. At the same time the total number of crypt epithelia and of the regenerative cells in the enlarged crypts increased. The enlargement of the regenerative crypt population is interpreted as an adaptive compensation of the inhibition of the cell production by prolongation of the mitotic cycle. A damage of the differentiated surface epithelium could not be detected. The significance of the present results and their relationship to so-called uremic entero-colitis and to sprue-like changes of small intestinal mucosa in man is discussed.
Im Anschluß an eine frühere Untersuchung an Mäusen mit experimenteller, hochgradiger, kurzfristiger Niereninsuffizienz wurden die Veränderungen an der Dünn- und Dickdarmschleimhaut von Ratten mit einer durch Nierenresektion ausgelösten chronischen Niereninsuffizienz analysiert. Es ergab sich eine deutliche Tendenz zur Einschränkung der physiologischen Zellneubildung der Darmschleimhaut mit Verlängerung des Generationszyklus in Abhängigkeit vom Grad der Niereninsuffizienz. Dabei wurde vornehmlich eine Verlängerung der postmitotischen G1-Phase nachgewiesen. Die Verlängerung des gesamten Generationszyklus betrug in der Tiergruppe mit dem relativ höchsten Niereninsuffizienzgrad im Ileum bis zu 40% und im Dickdarm bis zu 50%. Gleichzeitig nahm die Kryptenzellzahl und die Regenerationspopulation in den vergrößerten Krypten zu. Die Vermehrung des regenerationsfähigen Epithels wird als adaptive Kompensation der durch Verlängerung des Generationszyklus herabgesetzten Zellproduktion gedeutet. Eine Schädigung des Oberflächenepithels wurde nicht nachgewiesen. Die Bedeutung der vorliegenden Ergebnisse für die Erklärung der sog. urämischen Enterokolitis und der beim Menschen beobachteten sprue-ähnlichen Dünndarmschleimhautveränderungen wird diskutiert.
根据以往的短期、高级别尿毒症实验研究，分析了手术诱导的慢性肾功能不全大鼠小肠和大肠黏膜的变化。有丝分裂周期的延长与肾功能不全的程度有明显的抑制生理细胞再生速率的趋势。在肾功能不全程度相对最高的动物组中，回肠和大肠的代时间分别延长了40%和50%。这种延长主要是由于有丝分裂后g1期的延长。同时增大的隐窝上皮细胞总数和再生细胞数量增加。再生隐窝种群的扩大被解释为有丝分裂周期延长对细胞产生抑制的适应性补偿。未见分化表面上皮损伤。讨论了本结果的意义及其与所谓尿毒症性肠结肠炎和小肠黏膜芽状改变的关系。我是Anschluß an eine，在这里Untersuchung和Mäusen mit实验员，hochgradiger, kurzfristiger niereninsuiziz wurden die Veränderungen和der d - nd - und Dickdarmschleimhaut von Ratten mit durch Nierenresektion ausgelösten慢性niereninsuiziz分析员。[2] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1] [1]大北wurde vornehmlich eine Verlängerung der postmitotischen G1-Phase nachgewiesen。Die Verlängerung des gesamten Generationszyklus beg in der Tiergruppe mit dem relativehöchsten Niereninsuffizienzgrad in Ileum为40%，im Dickdarm为50%。草木种群的再生与再生vergrößerten草木种群。Die Vermehrung des regenerationsfähigen上皮细胞的自适应补偿机制Verlängerung des Generationszyklus herabgesetzten zellproduction gedeutet。Eine Schädigung des Oberflächenepithels wurde night nachgewiesen。德国德国德国德国德国德国Erklärung德国德国。urämischen肠结肠炎和肠结肠炎感染-ähnlichen Dünndarmschleimhautveränderungen肠结肠炎。
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Pub Date : 1976-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80032-7
Karin Gorgas , P. Böck , St. Wuketich
An adrenocortical adenoma associated with adrenogenital syndrome in a two-year-old boy was investigated light and electron microscopically. Urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion was considerably elevated and unresponsive to dexamethasone administration. The level returned to normal after surgical removal of the tumour.
Adenomatous cells display striking cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. Megalocytes with huge nuclei and nucleoli frequently occur. Deep cytoplasmic indentations cause nuclear pseudoinclusions and bizarre shape of the nuclei. True nuclear inclusions are also seen, as well as nuclear fragmentation. Cytoplasmic organelles show striking morphological alterations. Mitochondria with lamellar and tubular cristae are transformed into round or ovoid organelles of vesicular type. Their internal compartment is reduced, matrix material increases relatively, and mitochondrial inclusion bodies develop. Mitochondrial inclusions are identified as corresponding to fuchsinophil (siderophil or argyrophil) granules seen in the light microscope. Their staining properties indicate their glycoprotein nature.
Vesicular profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum predominate and stacks of rough endoplasmic reticulum are transformed into tubules and vesicles. In Golgi regions, only vesicular elements are enriched. Lipid droplets are scarce. It was not possible to demonstrate histochemically catalase activity in microbodies. Dense bodies only occur in small, undifferentiated tumour cells. Multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes and residual bodies are rare. Lipofuscin is absent.
Tumour cells are thought to derive from a population of undifferentiated cells (“ger-minative tumour cells”). Their morphological features and organelle equipment during a hypothetical course of differentiation and following dedifferentiation is described and discussed with respect to exceeding androgen synthesis.
Ein hormonal aktives Nebennierenrindenadenom bei adrenogenitalem Syndrom wurde licht- und elektronenoptisch untersucht. Die 17-Ketosteroidausscheidung im Urin des zweijährigen Patienten war auch nach Dexamethasongaben beträchtlich erhöht, und Normalwerte wurden erst nach der Tumorexstirpation erreicht.
Die Adenomzellen zeichnen sich neben extremen Größenunterschieden durch besonders hohe Variabilität ihrer Kern- und Organellstruktur aus. Megalozyten mit Riesenkernen und auffallend großen Nukleolen kommen häufig vor. Tiefe Einfaltungen, große Zytoplasmainklusionen und bizarre Form sind Merkmale vieler Riesenkerne. Echte Kerneinschlüsse und Kernfragmentationen werden oft beobachtet. Auffallenden morphologischen Veränderungen unterliegen die Organellen im Zytoplasma. Längliche Mitochondrien mit überwiegend tubulärer Innenstruktur differenzieren sich in runde oder ovoide, vesikulär organisierte Organellen. Mit der Reduktion der Innenmembranen und der relativen Zunahme der Matrix ist das Auftreten mitochondrialer Einschlußkörper verknüpft. S
在一个两岁的男孩肾上腺皮质腺瘤相关的肾上腺生殖器综合征进行了光镜和电子显微镜调查。尿17-酮类固醇排泄明显升高，对地塞米松治疗无反应。手术切除肿瘤后，该水平恢复正常。腺瘤细胞表现出明显的细胞和细胞核多形性。具有巨大细胞核和核仁的巨噬细胞经常出现。胞质的深凹痕导致核假包涵体和核的奇异形状。真正的核包裹体也可以看到，以及核碎片。细胞质细胞器表现出显著的形态改变。具有板状嵴和管状嵴的线粒体转变为水泡型的圆形或卵形细胞器。其内部隔室减少，基质物质相对增加，线粒体包涵体发育。线粒体包涵体在光镜下被鉴定为与嗜紫(嗜铁或嗜银)颗粒相对应。其染色性质表明其糖蛋白性质。光滑的内质网以囊泡型为主，粗糙的内质网堆积成小管和囊泡。在高尔基区，只有囊泡元素富集。脂滴稀少。不可能在微体中证明过氧化氢酶的组织化学活性。致密体只出现在小的、未分化的肿瘤细胞中。多泡体、自噬体和残体少见。脂褐素不存在。肿瘤细胞被认为来源于一群未分化的细胞(“阴性肿瘤细胞”)。在一个假设的分化过程和随后的去分化过程中，描述和讨论了它们的形态特征和细胞器设备，并就超过雄激素合成进行了讨论。肾上腺素与肾上腺素综合征的关系:光与电视综合征。Die 17-Ketosteroidausscheidung in Urin des zweijährigen患者每组地塞米松加本beträchtlich erhöht，和Normalwerte每组肿瘤切除组。Die Adenomzellen zeichnen siich nebenextremen Größenunterschieden durch berder认为，Variabilität是一种有机分子结构。Megalozyten mit Riesenkernen and auffallend großen Nukleolen kommen häufig vor。Tiefe Einfaltungen, große Zytoplasmainklusionen和bizarre Form与Merkmale vieler Riesenkerne。Echte kerneinschlsse和Kernfragmentationen是一种独立的语言。Auffallenden morphologischen Veränderungen unterliegen die Organellen in Zytoplasma。Längliche Mitochondrien mit berwiegend tubulärer inenstruktur differenzieren siich in runde der ovoide, vesikulär organisierte Organellen。细胞内膜还原和相对基质还原技术与线粒体还原技术研究Einschlußkörper verkn pft。嗜铁酸盐(嗜铁酸盐)颗粒。Ihr färberisches Verhalten weist研究糖蛋白的性质。Das glatte endoplasmatische reticulum ist vorwiegend vesikulär organisiert。在Stapel geordnete Zisternen des granulären ER werden在Tubuli和Vesikel变压器。“高尔基地区”的研究表明，“高尔基地区”的研究表明，“高尔基地区”的研究表明，“高尔基地区”的研究表明:脂质变异在肿瘤细胞中的作用。Katalase与组织化学有关，与微体的夜间发育有关。，致密体的kommen在größerer Zahl nur在undifferenterten Adenomzellen vor。多泡体、自噬体、残体、脂质体。Die Adenomzellen werden也Abkömmlinge einer undifferenzierten肿瘤种群的变化和细胞结构的修饰(细胞质结构的变化)-bzw。Dedifferenzierungsgeschehens gedeutet, das eingehend beschrieben and in Hinblick auf die erhöhte雄激素合成紊乱。
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Pub Date : 1976-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80171-0
E. Sprenger , W.E. Michaelis , M. Vogt-Schaden , C. Otto
Flow-through fluorescence cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was employed for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration biopsy material from the prostate of 220 patients was used for study. A false negative rate of 11.4% and a false positive rate of 29.7% were obtained when the results of flow-through photometry were compared with those of traditional cytodiagnosis. It was found that 4.5% of the specimens were unsuitable for cytologic diagnosis and 10.9% for flow-through cytophotometry.
False negative DNA histograms may be due to two factors: either the number of tumor cells is small or there are tumor cells whose nuclear DNA content does not differ from that of a normal cell population. False positive findings result from proliferating cells in inflammatory activation. Errors in preparation of the material and mechanical mistakes, such as cellular clumping and coincidences, are less likely causes. The greater percentage of specimens which were inadequate for cytophotometry was due to the large number of cells needed for a utilizable flow-through photometric histogram.
The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4%) and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.
An Feinnadelpunktionsmaterial der Prostata wurde die durchflußfluoreszenzzytopho-tometrische Bestimmung des Zellkern-DNS-Gehaltes zur Diagnose des Prostatakarzinoms eingesetzt. 220 Fälle wurden untersucht. Durch Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der herkömmlichen Zytodiagnostik wurden für die Durchflußphotometrie eine falsch negative Rate von 11,4% und eine falsch positive Rate von 29,7% gefunden. Der Anteil nicht verwertbarer Proben betrug bei der zytologischen Diagnostik 4,5%) bei der Durchflußzytophotometrie 10,9%.
Falsch negative DNS-Histogramme können durch eine geringe Anzahl von Tumorzellen verursacht sein oder durch Tumorzellen, deren Zellkern-DNS-Gehalt nicht von dem einer normalen Zellpopulation abweicht. Falsch positive Befunde ergeben sich aus proliferierenden Zellen bei entzündlicher Aktivierung. Präparative und apparative Fehler wie Zellverklumpungen und Koinzidenzen sind als Urache weniger wahrscheinlich. Der gegenüber der Zytodiagnostik erhöhte Anteil unzureichender Proben ergibt sich aus der großen Zellzahl, die für ein verwertbares durchflußphotometrisches Histogramm benötigt wird.
Die erzielten hohen falsch negativen und falsch positiven Raten (11,4% und 29,7%) bieten nicht genügende Sicherheit für die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms durch die durchflußfluoreszenzzytophotometrische Zellkern-DNS-Bestimmung.
采用流式荧光细胞光度法测定前列腺癌的细胞核DNA含量。采用220例前列腺细针穿刺活检材料进行研究。将流式光度法与传统细胞诊断结果进行比较，假阴性率为11.4%，假阳性率为29.7%。发现4.5%的标本不适合细胞学诊断，10.9%的标本不适合流式细胞术。假阴性的DNA直方图可能是由于两个因素:要么肿瘤细胞数量少，要么肿瘤细胞的细胞核DNA含量与正常细胞群的细胞核DNA含量没有差异。假阳性结果是由炎症激活中的增殖细胞引起的。材料制备中的错误和机械错误，如细胞结块和巧合，是不太可能的原因。较大比例的标本不适合细胞光度法是由于大量的细胞需要一个可用的流动通过光度直方图。假阴性和假阳性结果的高比率(分别为11.4%和29.7%)反对使用流式光度核DNA测定法诊断前列腺癌。[3] [footnoteref: 1] [footnoteref: 1] [footnoteref: 1] [footnoteref: 1] [footnoteref: 1]。220 Fälle wurden untersucht。Durch Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der herkömmlichen Zytodiagnostik wurden f r die Durchflußphotometrie eine falsch阴性率11.4%和eine falsch阳性率29.7%。Der Anteil -夜verwertbrer Proben betrug ß Der zytologisk diagnostics (4,5%) and Der durchflue ß zytophometrie(10,9%)。Falsch阴性dns -直方图können durch eine geringe Anzahl von Tumorzellen verursacht sein oder durch Tumorzellen, deren Zellkern-DNS-Gehalt vdem einer normalen Zellpopulation abweight。Falsch阳性Befunde ergeben siich ausprolifererenden Zellen zzndlicher Aktivierung。Präparative与幻影费勒(幻影费勒与幻影费勒)和幻影费勒(幻影费勒)。Der gegenber Der Zytodiagnostik erhöhte Anteil unzureichender Proben ergigbt sich aus Der großen Zellzahl, die f r ein verwertares durchflußphotometrisches histogram benötigt wind。2 .诊断:前列腺癌诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断:诊断
{"title":"The Significance of DNA Flow-Through Fluorescence Cytophotometry for the Diagnosis of Prostate Carcinoma","authors":"E. Sprenger , W.E. Michaelis , M. Vogt-Schaden , C. Otto","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80171-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80171-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flow-through fluorescence cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was employed for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration biopsy material from the prostate of 220 patients was used for study. A false negative rate of 11.4% and a false positive rate of 29.7% were obtained when the results of flow-through photometry were compared with those of traditional cytodiagnosis. It was found that 4.5% of the specimens were unsuitable for cytologic diagnosis and 10.9% for flow-through cytophotometry.</p><p>False negative DNA histograms may be due to two factors: either the number of tumor cells is small or there are tumor cells whose nuclear DNA content does not differ from that of a normal cell population. False positive findings result from proliferating cells in inflammatory activation. Errors in preparation of the material and mechanical mistakes, such as cellular clumping and coincidences, are less likely causes. The greater percentage of specimens which were inadequate for cytophotometry was due to the large number of cells needed for a utilizable flow-through photometric histogram.</p><p>The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4%) and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.</p></div><div><p>An Feinnadelpunktionsmaterial der Prostata wurde die durchflußfluoreszenzzytopho-tometrische Bestimmung des Zellkern-DNS-Gehaltes zur Diagnose des Prostatakarzinoms eingesetzt. 220 Fälle wurden untersucht. Durch Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der herkömmlichen Zytodiagnostik wurden für die Durchflußphotometrie eine falsch negative Rate von 11,4% und eine falsch positive Rate von 29,7% gefunden. Der Anteil nicht verwertbarer Proben betrug bei der zytologischen Diagnostik 4,5%) bei der Durchflußzytophotometrie 10,9%.</p><p>Falsch negative DNS-Histogramme können durch eine geringe Anzahl von Tumorzellen verursacht sein oder durch Tumorzellen, deren Zellkern-DNS-Gehalt nicht von dem einer normalen Zellpopulation abweicht. Falsch positive Befunde ergeben sich aus proliferierenden Zellen bei entzündlicher Aktivierung. Präparative und apparative Fehler wie Zellverklumpungen und Koinzidenzen sind als Urache weniger wahrscheinlich. Der gegenüber der Zytodiagnostik erhöhte Anteil unzureichender Proben ergibt sich aus der großen Zellzahl, die für ein verwertbares durchflußphotometrisches Histogramm benötigt wird.</p><p>Die erzielten hohen falsch negativen und falsch positiven Raten (11,4% und 29,7%) bieten nicht genügende Sicherheit für die Diagnostik des Prostatakarzinoms durch die durchflußfluoreszenzzytophotometrische Zellkern-DNS-Bestimmung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 3","pages":"Pages 292-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80171-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12195680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-12-01DOI: 10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80033-9
P.H. Kronenberger , W. Porschen, L.E. Feinendegen
Introduction
During the last 3 decades several authors have found in tumour-bearing animals an increase of synthesis and content of DNA in various organs which were free from neoplastic cells (Griffin, 1957; Kelly and Jones, 1950; Morgan and Cameron, 1973; Cerecedo et al., 1951; Lombardo et al., 1952). 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) is a thymidine analogue and specifically incorporated into DNA. When it is labelled with 1251 or 131I it permits to reinvestigate these findings by measuring the rate of precursor incorporation into DNA and the rate of loss of labelled DNA in the living animal by means of counting the gamma emission from the incorporated iodine isotopes. In this paper, therefore, an attempt is made to analyse the DNA turnover in the whole body of living tumour-bearing mice.
Material and Methods
5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) labelled with 125iodine was used as DNA precursor. It is a thymidine analogue 5% of which is specifically incorporated into the DNA of those proliferating cells which are in the phase of DNA synthesis at the moment of tracer application. Non-incorporated IUdR (about 95% of the injected amount) is rapidly degraded and excreted within 24 hours. The tracer remains bound to the cellular DNA during the life span of the labelled cells. After cell death only about 5% of IUdR from DNA breakdown is reutilized. 125I has a half live of 60 days and therefore allows, over periods of weeks, external measurements of the DNA turnover in the living animal without disturbing the physiological environment. The measured loss of DNA-bound 125I reflects almost exclusively the turnover of the labelled cells.
Female albino NMRI mice, 2 months old, bearing sarcoma-180 implanted into the right hind leg were intraveneously injected with 2 μCi 125I-UdR. At the time of injection, the tumour had reached in one group of mice an average volume of about 25 mm3 and in another group an average volume of nearly 850 mm125.
When implanted into subcutaneous tissue sarcoma-180 rarely produces metastases in parenchymal organs, never in the spleen and — within the first 30 days after implantation — only in ca. 10% of the animals a small metastasis in a single lymphnode (Deodhar and Crile, 1969; Franchi et al., 1968).
Whole body measurements were carried out immediately after tracer injection and then daily during the first week and every second or third day in the following 2 weeks in a Nal well counter with a single channel pulse height analyser. The tumour activity was also determined in vivo by a special counting device.
Results
In the normal mouse 4 to 6% of injected 125I-UdR is retained in the whole body 24 hours after tracer injection. During the following five days the
在过去的30年里，几位作者发现，在没有肿瘤细胞的荷瘤动物的各个器官中，DNA的合成和含量都有所增加(Griffin, 1957;凯利和琼斯，1950;摩根和卡梅隆，1973年;Cerecedo等，1951;Lombardo et al.， 1952)。5-碘-2 ' -脱氧尿嘧啶(IUdR)是一种胸腺嘧啶类似物，并特异性地结合到DNA中。当它被标记为1251或131I时，它允许通过测量前体并入DNA的速率和标记DNA在活动物中的损失率来重新研究这些发现，方法是计算并入碘同位素的伽马辐射。因此，本文试图分析活体荷瘤小鼠全身的DNA周转情况。材料与方法采用125碘标记的5-碘-2′-脱氧尿苷(IUdR)作为DNA前体。它是一种胸腺嘧啶类似物，5%的胸腺嘧啶在示踪剂应用时被特异性地结合到那些处于DNA合成阶段的增殖细胞的DNA中。未掺入的IUdR(约占注射量的95%)在24小时内迅速降解并排出体外。示踪剂在标记细胞的整个生命周期内保持与细胞DNA结合。细胞死亡后，DNA分解产生的IUdR只有约5%被重新利用。125I的半衰期为60天，因此可以在几周内对活体动物的DNA周转进行外部测量，而不会干扰生理环境。测量的dna结合125I的损失几乎完全反映了标记细胞的周转。选取2月龄右后腿植入180肉瘤的雌性白化NMRI小鼠，静脉注射2 μCi 125I-UdR。注射时，一组小鼠的肿瘤平均体积约为25毫米，另一组小鼠的肿瘤平均体积接近850毫米。当植入皮下组织时，肉瘤-180很少在实质器官发生转移，从未在脾脏发生转移，并且在植入后的前30天内，只有约10%的动物在单个淋巴结发生小转移(Deodhar和Crile, 1969;Franchi et al.， 1968)。在注射示踪剂后立即进行全身测量，然后在第一周内每天进行一次，在接下来的两周内每隔第二天或第三天进行一次，使用Nal井计数器进行单通道脉冲高度分析仪。肿瘤活性也通过一种特殊的计数装置在体内测定。结果示踪剂注射24小时后，正常小鼠体内有4% ~ 6%的125I-UdR残留。在接下来的5天内，125I活性迅速下降至注射后第0天的0.8%。之后的速度损失的活动大大减少(图1)。第一个组件的曲线反映了平均每日营业额细胞损失约30%,涉及大约90%的整合活动。剩余的10%位于第二组分，其明显地开始于第5至第6天，并最终导致第4周每天约3%的损失率。在携带肉瘤-180的小鼠全身中，在注射示踪剂后的第一周内，示踪剂的损失率显着降低了约1.6倍。这实际上与肿瘤体积无关。此后，荷瘤小鼠全身的示踪剂损失率几乎与对照组相同(图2)。通过从全身计数中减去肿瘤活性来确定体内保留的125I，而不受肿瘤活性的影响。肿瘤活性与全身活性的比值如图3所示。图4表明，在最初的6-8天内，减去肿瘤活性后，荷瘤动物的细胞损失率明显低于对照组。大约从第8天开始，荷瘤小鼠和正常小鼠的细胞损失率相等。这表明，与无肿瘤小鼠相比，具有相对较长寿命且不与肿瘤相邻的细胞群在荷瘤小鼠中结合的125I约多40%。不同作者的放射学研究表明，长寿命细胞中DNA前体的增加是由DNA合成细胞数量的增加引起的(Baserga和Kisieleski, 1961;Rev-Kurvy et al.， 1973;Morgan和Cameron, 1973)，而不是每个细胞DNA合成速率的提高。寿命相对较长的增殖细胞主要位于淋巴组织、网状内皮系统和皮肤。这是一项后续研究的主题，将125IUdR在荷瘤小鼠全身(肿瘤除外)的保留增加与不同的无肿瘤器官联系起来。
{"title":"DNA-Umsatz im Ganzkörper tumortragender Mäuse","authors":"P.H. Kronenberger , W. Porschen, L.E. Feinendegen","doi":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80033-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>During the last 3 decades several authors have found in tumour-bearing animals an increase of synthesis and content of DNA in various organs which were free from neoplastic cells (<span>Griffin, 1957</span>; <span>Kelly and Jones, 1950</span>; <span>Morgan and Cameron, 1973</span>; <span>Cerecedo et al., 1951</span>; <span>Lombardo et al., 1952</span>). 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) is a thymidine analogue and specifically incorporated into DNA. When it is labelled with <sup>125</sup>1 or <sup>131</sup>I it permits to reinvestigate these findings by measuring the rate of precursor incorporation into DNA and the rate of loss of labelled DNA in the living animal by means of counting the gamma emission from the incorporated iodine isotopes. In this paper, therefore, an attempt is made to analyse the DNA turnover in the whole body of living tumour-bearing mice.</p></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><p>5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IUdR) labelled with <sup>125</sup>iodine was used as DNA precursor. It is a thymidine analogue 5% of which is specifically incorporated into the DNA of those proliferating cells which are in the phase of DNA synthesis at the moment of tracer application. Non-incorporated IUdR (about 95% of the injected amount) is rapidly degraded and excreted within 24 hours. The tracer remains bound to the cellular DNA during the life span of the labelled cells. After cell death only about 5% of IUdR from DNA breakdown is reutilized. <sup>125</sup>I has a half live of 60 days and therefore allows, over periods of weeks, external measurements of the DNA turnover in the living animal without disturbing the physiological environment. The measured loss of DNA-bound <sup>125</sup>I reflects almost exclusively the turnover of the labelled cells.</p><p>Female albino NMRI mice, 2 months old, bearing sarcoma-180 implanted into the right hind leg were intraveneously injected with 2 μCi <sup>125</sup>I-UdR. At the time of injection, the tumour had reached in one group of mice an average volume of about 25 mm<sup>3</sup> and in another group an average volume of nearly 850 mm<sup>125</sup>.</p><p>When implanted into subcutaneous tissue sarcoma-180 rarely produces metastases in parenchymal organs, never in the spleen and — within the first 30 days after implantation — only in ca. 10% of the animals a small metastasis in a single lymphnode (<span>Deodhar and Crile, 1969</span>; <span>Franchi et al., 1968</span>).</p><p>Whole body measurements were carried out immediately after tracer injection and then daily during the first week and every second or third day in the following 2 weeks in a Nal well counter with a single channel pulse height analyser. The tumour activity was also determined in vivo by a special counting device.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the <em>normal mouse</em> 4 to 6% of injected <sup>125</sup>I-UdR is retained in the whole body 24 hours after tracer injection. During the following five days the <su","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 4","pages":"Pages 398-412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0005-8165(76)80033-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55610058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Quantitative DNA cytophotometry, the study of morphology of chromosomes and cell kinetics are important approaches toward characterization of genetic information. Each approach has its own problems and limits. Difficulties with interpretation of DNA histograms arise from a lack of proper terminology, and from attempting to interpret them in terms of the existing terminologies for chromosomal analysis and cell kinetics. Aim of this research was to develop a computerized mathematical analysis of DNA histograms.
Materials and methods: As a basis for the comparison of normal with those of tumor cell populations the DNA histograms of heart muscle cells were selected for the normal cell population from 14 normal hearts of adults, 16 hypertrophic hearts, 14 non-polyploidized hearts of children, and 14 hypertrophic hearts of children with congenital malformations. Normal diploid cell populations from 7 effusions were also included. The 24 populations of malignant cells consisted of primary tumors and metastatic effusions. DNA cytophotometry was performed on single nuclei in Feulgen stained preparations by means of the UMSP/XD 50 ZEISS. The approximation of the DNA histograms by linear combination of normal distributions was done according to spline-function and calculated by means of the IBM-375.
Results: The nuclear classes 2C, 4C, and 8C show no differences between the normal, left and right heart with respect to mean values (X), standard deviations (sx), variances (sX) and coefficients of variance (sx/X). However, coefficients of variance are smaller in hypertrophic (2.15 to 8.37%) than in normal hearts of adults (8.90 to 10.85%), and larger in hypertrophic heart of children (4.06 to 7.09%). The mean values of the DNA classes 2C, 4C, 8C, and 16C vary witin +/- 18.6% with a probability of 95.5%. Benign effusions contain only 2C and 4C nuclei with a variance of 4.00% and 8.75%, respectively. In DNA histograms of malignant cells, only one third has a first peak outside of 2C +/- 18.6%. In approximately one fifth of the histrograms the position of the second or third peaks deviates significantly from normal polyploid values. Since a large proportion of polyploid nuclei is limited to only a few normal tissues, pronounced polyploidy is suggestive of malignancy in all other tissues. If in the cases containing only two DNA classes, 2C and 4C, the populations are malignant, the proportion of 4C is more than 8% while in the corresponding benign populations the proportion of 4C atains only 2.97 +/- 2.5%. In some cases a few highly polyploidized nuclei not taken into a account by our computer program are suggestive of malignancy. In only one DNA histogram out of the 24 analysed, all of these criteria are negative. In six cases the computer analyses reveal two stemlines of tumor cells with corresponding polyploid values.
{"title":"[Analysis of DNA histograms by computer (author's transl)].","authors":"P Pfitzer, K Vyska, G Stecher","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Quantitative DNA cytophotometry, the study of morphology of chromosomes and cell kinetics are important approaches toward characterization of genetic information. Each approach has its own problems and limits. Difficulties with interpretation of DNA histograms arise from a lack of proper terminology, and from attempting to interpret them in terms of the existing terminologies for chromosomal analysis and cell kinetics. Aim of this research was to develop a computerized mathematical analysis of DNA histograms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>As a basis for the comparison of normal with those of tumor cell populations the DNA histograms of heart muscle cells were selected for the normal cell population from 14 normal hearts of adults, 16 hypertrophic hearts, 14 non-polyploidized hearts of children, and 14 hypertrophic hearts of children with congenital malformations. Normal diploid cell populations from 7 effusions were also included. The 24 populations of malignant cells consisted of primary tumors and metastatic effusions. DNA cytophotometry was performed on single nuclei in Feulgen stained preparations by means of the UMSP/XD 50 ZEISS. The approximation of the DNA histograms by linear combination of normal distributions was done according to spline-function and calculated by means of the IBM-375.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nuclear classes 2C, 4C, and 8C show no differences between the normal, left and right heart with respect to mean values (X), standard deviations (sx), variances (sX) and coefficients of variance (sx/X). However, coefficients of variance are smaller in hypertrophic (2.15 to 8.37%) than in normal hearts of adults (8.90 to 10.85%), and larger in hypertrophic heart of children (4.06 to 7.09%). The mean values of the DNA classes 2C, 4C, 8C, and 16C vary witin +/- 18.6% with a probability of 95.5%. Benign effusions contain only 2C and 4C nuclei with a variance of 4.00% and 8.75%, respectively. In DNA histograms of malignant cells, only one third has a first peak outside of 2C +/- 18.6%. In approximately one fifth of the histrograms the position of the second or third peaks deviates significantly from normal polyploid values. Since a large proportion of polyploid nuclei is limited to only a few normal tissues, pronounced polyploidy is suggestive of malignancy in all other tissues. If in the cases containing only two DNA classes, 2C and 4C, the populations are malignant, the proportion of 4C is more than 8% while in the corresponding benign populations the proportion of 4C atains only 2.97 +/- 2.5%. In some cases a few highly polyploidized nuclei not taken into a account by our computer program are suggestive of malignancy. In only one DNA histogram out of the 24 analysed, all of these criteria are negative. In six cases the computer analyses reveal two stemlines of tumor cells with corresponding polyploid values.</p>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 2","pages":"157-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11357134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A report is presented on the demonstration of epithelioid cell clusters within the axillary lymph node group, which - in the absence of knowledge of their structural peculiarities--could be taken for micrometastases of a solid mammary carcinoma. The lymph node material from 400 extensively excised mammary carcinomas with obligatory lymphonodectomy was available for this study. Microscopic inspection of successive sections at intervals of 100 mu was performed following fixation and optical demonstration of all lymph nodes in a picric acid medium. This procedure led to the discovery of epithelioid cell clusters in 18 out of the 400 cases examined. As regards their appearance, with direct allocation to the local vascular stroma, these clusters must be regarded as glomus-like structures. In no case could metastases of a mammary carcinoma and the epithelioid cell foci mentioned here be demonstrated either next to each other or combined. In appearance they are remarkably similar to the already known glomus structures of other sites. The presence of such structure in lymph nodes is most likely attributable to micromorphous malformation of vessels in the sense of hamartia. From a clinical point of view, their fundamental significance consists in the necessary differentialdiagnostic demarcation against metastase of solid carcinoma in the region of origin of the lymph.
{"title":"[The presence of epithelioid glomus structures in the lymph nodes of excised mammary carcinomas (author's transl)].","authors":"F O Huhn, G Stock","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A report is presented on the demonstration of epithelioid cell clusters within the axillary lymph node group, which - in the absence of knowledge of their structural peculiarities--could be taken for micrometastases of a solid mammary carcinoma. The lymph node material from 400 extensively excised mammary carcinomas with obligatory lymphonodectomy was available for this study. Microscopic inspection of successive sections at intervals of 100 mu was performed following fixation and optical demonstration of all lymph nodes in a picric acid medium. This procedure led to the discovery of epithelioid cell clusters in 18 out of the 400 cases examined. As regards their appearance, with direct allocation to the local vascular stroma, these clusters must be regarded as glomus-like structures. In no case could metastases of a mammary carcinoma and the epithelioid cell foci mentioned here be demonstrated either next to each other or combined. In appearance they are remarkably similar to the already known glomus structures of other sites. The presence of such structure in lymph nodes is most likely attributable to micromorphous malformation of vessels in the sense of hamartia. From a clinical point of view, their fundamental significance consists in the necessary differentialdiagnostic demarcation against metastase of solid carcinoma in the region of origin of the lymph.</p>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 2","pages":"186-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12188483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a distinct tumor entity, which should be clearly distinguished from Wilmus-tumor. The pure mesenchymal tumor is usually present at birth and palpated as a mass in the kidney. Macroscopically the tumor reveals a striking resemblance with an uterine fibroid. Histologically the tumor tissue ist characterized by 1. interlacing bundels of spindle cells with uniform cell nuclei and regular mitotic figures, 2. collagen fibres between the tumor cells, 3. an angiomatous marginal zone, no tumor capsule, 4. hematopoetic foci and dysplastic glomeruli and tubuli in areas where normal kidney parenchyma mixes with tumor tissue, 5. small myxomatous areas within in the tumor, 6. no invasion of blood vessels or pelvis. Prognosis of the congenital mesoblastic nephroma is much better than in Wilms-tumor. Metastases have not been described so far. If, however, the tumor tissue is incompletly removed during operation, the neoplasm may recur and prove fatal. Ultrastructural and DNA cytophotometric studies suggests a low grade malignancy rather than a truely benign behaviour of this tumor.
{"title":"[Congenital mesoblastic nephroma - a semimalignant fibroleiomyomatous kidney tumor of the newborn (author's transl)].","authors":"N Böhm, U N Riede","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The congenital mesoblastic nephroma is a distinct tumor entity, which should be clearly distinguished from Wilmus-tumor. The pure mesenchymal tumor is usually present at birth and palpated as a mass in the kidney. Macroscopically the tumor reveals a striking resemblance with an uterine fibroid. Histologically the tumor tissue ist characterized by 1. interlacing bundels of spindle cells with uniform cell nuclei and regular mitotic figures, 2. collagen fibres between the tumor cells, 3. an angiomatous marginal zone, no tumor capsule, 4. hematopoetic foci and dysplastic glomeruli and tubuli in areas where normal kidney parenchyma mixes with tumor tissue, 5. small myxomatous areas within in the tumor, 6. no invasion of blood vessels or pelvis. Prognosis of the congenital mesoblastic nephroma is much better than in Wilms-tumor. Metastases have not been described so far. If, however, the tumor tissue is incompletly removed during operation, the neoplasm may recur and prove fatal. Ultrastructural and DNA cytophotometric studies suggests a low grade malignancy rather than a truely benign behaviour of this tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 1","pages":"80-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11403806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vessels as well as soft tissues can be contrasted in a solution of 10 percent formaldehyde and sodium iodate so that structural details can easily be identified by X-ray. Atheromatous plaques, ulcers and calcifications are demonstrable by comparing X-ray films of contrasted and uncontrasted vessels. This methods allow a quick investigation of vascular walls and of other tissues.
{"title":"[Radiographic pattern of iodine contrasted arteriosclerotic vascular changes. Analysis and documentation (author's transl)].","authors":"J Schoenmackers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vessels as well as soft tissues can be contrasted in a solution of 10 percent formaldehyde and sodium iodate so that structural details can easily be identified by X-ray. Atheromatous plaques, ulcers and calcifications are demonstrable by comparing X-ray films of contrasted and uncontrasted vessels. This methods allow a quick investigation of vascular walls and of other tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":75583,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Pathologie","volume":"159 1","pages":"101-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12179460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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