The simultaneous flow of three fluids in porous media often occurs during gas injection into formations, and the flow process typically exhibits significant intermittent or disconnected flow behavior. This study explores the relationships between the capillary pressure drop and interfacial area in steady-state three-phase flow. The capillary pressure drop, which occurs at the fluid-fluid interfaces between the three fluid phases (e.g., water/oil/gas), is defined as the difference between the total pressure drop and the viscous pressure drop. Through steady-state three-phase flow experiments in micromodels, we determined that the capillary pressure drop maintains a roughly linear relationship with the total specific interfacial area of non-wetting liquid-wetting liquid, non-wetting liquid-gas, and gas-wetting liquid interfaces. Furthermore, by considering the differences in interfacial tensions among these interfaces, we found that incorporating the interfacial energy per volume significantly enhances this linear relationship. The interfacial energy per volume is defined as the product of interfacial tension and specific interfacial area. Moreover, the slope of this linear relationship is mainly influenced by the flow rate and follows a negative exponential power function. This study quantifies the significant effect of fluid-fluid interfaces on pressure drop during three-phase disconnected flow.
{"title":"Effects of disconnected fluid interfaces on pressure drops for liquid-liquid-gas three-phase flow in porous media","authors":"Jiafan Guo , Zhechao Wang , Liping Qiao , Hao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The simultaneous flow of three fluids in porous media often occurs during gas injection into formations, and the flow process typically exhibits significant intermittent or disconnected flow behavior. This study explores the relationships between the capillary pressure drop and interfacial area in steady-state three-phase flow. The capillary pressure drop, which occurs at the fluid-fluid interfaces between the three fluid phases (e.g., water/oil/gas), is defined as the difference between the total pressure drop and the viscous pressure drop. Through steady-state three-phase flow experiments in micromodels, we determined that the capillary pressure drop maintains a roughly linear relationship with the total specific interfacial area of non-wetting liquid-wetting liquid, non-wetting liquid-gas, and gas-wetting liquid interfaces. Furthermore, by considering the differences in interfacial tensions among these interfaces, we found that incorporating the interfacial energy per volume significantly enhances this linear relationship. The interfacial energy per volume is defined as the product of interfacial tension and specific interfacial area. Moreover, the slope of this linear relationship is mainly influenced by the flow rate and follows a negative exponential power function. This study quantifies the significant effect of fluid-fluid interfaces on pressure drop during three-phase disconnected flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105139
Rima Benhammadi, Juan J. Hidalgo
This work studies the effect of the heterogeneity of a porous medium on convective mixing. We consider a system in which a Rayleigh–Bénard instability is triggered by a temperature difference between the top and bottom boundaries. Heterogeneity is represented by multi-Gaussian log-normally distributed permeability fields. We explore the effect of the Rayleigh number, the variance and correlation length of the log-permeability field on the fingering patterns, heat flux, mixing state and flow structure. Heat flux increases for all heterogeneous cases compared to the homogeneous ones. When heterogeneity is weak and the horizontal correlation length small, flux exhibits minimal sensitivity to the variance of the log-permeability. When the correlation length increases, flux increases proportionally to the log-permeability variance.
The mixing state is evaluated through the temperature variance and the intensity of segregation. Both take higher values, compared to their homogeneous analogues, when the correlation length and the variance of the permeability are increased. This indicates that even if heat flux increases, the system is less well mixed.
The flow structure shows that in homogeneous and weakly heterogeneous cases there is a relation between the location of high strain rates and stagnation points, while for strongly heterogeneous cases, high strain rate zones are linked to high permeability areas near the boundaries, where temperature plumes originate. The interface width tends to decrease as the variance and the correlation length of the permeability field are augmented, suggesting that the interface undergoes greater stretching in heterogeneous porous media.
{"title":"Impact of porous media heterogeneity on convective mixing in a Rayleigh–Bénard instability","authors":"Rima Benhammadi, Juan J. Hidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work studies the effect of the heterogeneity of a porous medium on convective mixing. We consider a system in which a Rayleigh–Bénard instability is triggered by a temperature difference between the top and bottom boundaries. Heterogeneity is represented by multi-Gaussian log-normally distributed permeability fields. We explore the effect of the Rayleigh number, the variance and correlation length of the log-permeability field on the fingering patterns, heat flux, mixing state and flow structure. Heat flux increases for all heterogeneous cases compared to the homogeneous ones. When heterogeneity is weak and the horizontal correlation length small, flux exhibits minimal sensitivity to the variance of the log-permeability. When the correlation length increases, flux increases proportionally to the log-permeability variance.</div><div>The mixing state is evaluated through the temperature variance and the intensity of segregation. Both take higher values, compared to their homogeneous analogues, when the correlation length and the variance of the permeability are increased. This indicates that even if heat flux increases, the system is less well mixed.</div><div>The flow structure shows that in homogeneous and weakly heterogeneous cases there is a relation between the location of high strain rates and stagnation points, while for strongly heterogeneous cases, high strain rate zones are linked to high permeability areas near the boundaries, where temperature plumes originate. The interface width tends to decrease as the variance and the correlation length of the permeability field are augmented, suggesting that the interface undergoes greater stretching in heterogeneous porous media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105140
A. Chiofalo , V. Ciriello , D.M. Tartakovsky
Computationally inexpensive surrogates of process-based models, such as deep neural networks, enable ensemble-based computations used in risk assessment, data assimilation, etc. However, generation of large datasets required to train a neural network can be as expensive as the ensemble simulations themselves. We ameliorate this challenge by using data from multifidelity (MF) groundwater simulations and transfer learning (TL) to reduce data generation costs while maintaining model accuracy. As a computational example, we train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct permeability fields from saturation maps derived from a multiphase flow model. Starting with very low- and low-fidelity data generated on increasingly coarse meshes, we pretrain the CNN, followed by output-layer training and fine-tuning using only a limited number of high-fidelity samples. We demonstrate the surrogate’s robustness when interpreting low-quality inputs — such as interpolated maps or data affected by noise — which has strong implications for the applicability in practical hydrogeological scenarios. This multilevel MF-TL strategy achieves a favorable trade-off between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy, significantly outperforming high-fidelity-only approaches under the same computational budget.
{"title":"Transfer learning of neural surrogates on multifidelity groundwater simulations","authors":"A. Chiofalo , V. Ciriello , D.M. Tartakovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computationally inexpensive surrogates of process-based models, such as deep neural networks, enable ensemble-based computations used in risk assessment, data assimilation, etc. However, generation of large datasets required to train a neural network can be as expensive as the ensemble simulations themselves. We ameliorate this challenge by using data from multifidelity (MF) groundwater simulations and transfer learning (TL) to reduce data generation costs while maintaining model accuracy. As a computational example, we train a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct permeability fields from saturation maps derived from a multiphase flow model. Starting with very low- and low-fidelity data generated on increasingly coarse meshes, we pretrain the CNN, followed by output-layer training and fine-tuning using only a limited number of high-fidelity samples. We demonstrate the surrogate’s robustness when interpreting low-quality inputs — such as interpolated maps or data affected by noise — which has strong implications for the applicability in practical hydrogeological scenarios. This multilevel MF-TL strategy achieves a favorable trade-off between computational efficiency and predictive accuracy, significantly outperforming high-fidelity-only approaches under the same computational budget.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105143
Q.S. Yin, Y. Xiao, J.W. Li, X. Liu
Bedload clusters are characteristic microtopographic features in gravel-bed rivers, influencing sediment transport, flow resistance, and bedform development. This study employs open-channel flume experiments to investigate the continuous evolution of bedload clusters under sequentially increasing flow intensity, characterised by the Shields number Θ (ratio of hydraulic shear stress to particle resistance). An enhanced motion trajectory tracking algorithm was developed to significantly outperform conventional nearest-neighbour methods by integrating adaptive Gaussian mixture modelling, dual-stage denoising, and a combined Kalman–Hungarian framework. This improved algorithm reduced particle coordinate identification errors by 70%, decreased the coefficient of variation by 66% compared to conventional methods, and achieved 100% trajectory recognition. Experiments revealed distinct thresholds of relative flow intensity (ΘR = Θ/ΘC, where ΘC is the critical Shields number for entrainment) governing cluster evolution. In rectangular bed arrangements, clusters formed at 1.25 ≤ ΘR < 1.75, stabilised at 1.75 ≤ ΘR ≤ 2.00, and disintegrated at ΘR > 2.00. In quincuncial arrangements, clusters formed at ΘR = 1.25, disintegrated at ΘR ≥ 1.50, with no stable phase observed. As ΘR increased, the probability density distribution of cluster numbers exhibited a sequential transition from negatively skewed to normal, then to positively skewed, and finally to Poisson. Additionally, the critical drag force for the quincuncial arrangements was 73.82% of that for rectangular configurations, indicating greater flow sensitivity and more intense particle movement under identical hydraulic conditions. These findings enhance the understanding of bedload cluster dynamics and offer valuable insights into the microtopographic evolution in gravel-bed rivers.
{"title":"Experimental study on the generalised evolution characteristics of bedload clusters","authors":"Q.S. Yin, Y. Xiao, J.W. Li, X. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bedload clusters are characteristic microtopographic features in gravel-bed rivers, influencing sediment transport, flow resistance, and bedform development. This study employs open-channel flume experiments to investigate the continuous evolution of bedload clusters under sequentially increasing flow intensity, characterised by the Shields number Θ (ratio of hydraulic shear stress to particle resistance). An enhanced motion trajectory tracking algorithm was developed to significantly outperform conventional nearest-neighbour methods by integrating adaptive Gaussian mixture modelling, dual-stage denoising, and a combined Kalman–Hungarian framework. This improved algorithm reduced particle coordinate identification errors by 70%, decreased the coefficient of variation by 66% compared to conventional methods, and achieved 100% trajectory recognition. Experiments revealed distinct thresholds of relative flow intensity (<em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> = <em>Θ/Θ<sub>C</sub></em>, where <em>Θ<sub>C</sub></em> is the critical Shields number for entrainment) governing cluster evolution. In rectangular bed arrangements, clusters formed at 1.25 ≤ <em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> < 1.75, stabilised at 1.75 ≤ <em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> ≤ 2.00, and disintegrated at <em>Θ<sub>R</sub> ></em> 2.00. In quincuncial arrangements, clusters formed at <em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> = 1.25, disintegrated at <em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> ≥ 1.50, with no stable phase observed. As <em>Θ<sub>R</sub></em> increased, the probability density distribution of cluster numbers exhibited a sequential transition from negatively skewed to normal, then to positively skewed, and finally to Poisson. Additionally, the critical drag force for the quincuncial arrangements was 73.82% of that for rectangular configurations, indicating greater flow sensitivity and more intense particle movement under identical hydraulic conditions. These findings enhance the understanding of bedload cluster dynamics and offer valuable insights into the microtopographic evolution in gravel-bed rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105136
Anoop Pandey, Richa Ojha
Quantifying flow through macropores is challenging due to their discrete and heterogeneous distribution in soil. Many flow theories exist for modelling flow through macropores based on Darcian and non-Darcian approaches. However, not much is known about their applicability and performance under various geometrical characteristics of macropores. This study numerically examines the ability of four theoretically relevant models: the single-porosity model (SPM), dual-permeability model (DPM), coupled Richards equation with laminar flow in macropores (CRL), and coupled Richards equation with thin-film flow along macropores (CRTF), in capturing water flux, pressure distribution, and related hydrological responses across diverse macropore geometries under different boundary conditions. Five representative scenarios (S-1 to S-5) were formulated based on field-observed macropore characteristics, considering variations in density, size, distribution, shape, and connectivity. The details related to geometry, parameter values, initial and boundary conditions were obtained from various sources in the literature. Two-dimensional numerical analyses were performed within the COMSOL Multiphysics® environment, leveraging the Richards equation interface. Findings indicate that model selection is critically dependent on the specific hydrological variable of interest. The CRL and CRTF models reliably capture soil-moisture distribution and lateral mass exchange, whereas the DPM adequately estimates the total outflux. Notably, the CRTF model consistently yields the most accurate predictions for bottom outflux and velocity, values ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm/s, which closely align with observed field data. Although its performance reduces in scenarios characterized by poorly connected macropores that impede mass exchange. The SPM exhibits low performance in S-4 (related to shape and curvature) with an average deviation of 75–80 % between CRL and SPM. This study highlights the critical need for careful model selection based on the specific structural features of macropore networks.
{"title":"Evaluating existing flow theories for modelling macropore flow through unsaturated soils: A numerical study","authors":"Anoop Pandey, Richa Ojha","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying flow through macropores is challenging due to their discrete and heterogeneous distribution in soil. Many flow theories exist for modelling flow through macropores based on Darcian and non-Darcian approaches. However, not much is known about their applicability and performance under various geometrical characteristics of macropores. This study numerically examines the ability of four theoretically relevant models: the single-porosity model (SPM), dual-permeability model (DPM), coupled Richards equation with laminar flow in macropores (CRL), and coupled Richards equation with thin-film flow along macropores (CRTF), in capturing water flux, pressure distribution, and related hydrological responses across diverse macropore geometries under different boundary conditions. Five representative scenarios (S-1 to S-5) were formulated based on field-observed macropore characteristics, considering variations in density, size, distribution, shape, and connectivity. The details related to geometry, parameter values, initial and boundary conditions were obtained from various sources in the literature. Two-dimensional numerical analyses were performed within the COMSOL Multiphysics® environment, leveraging the Richards equation interface. Findings indicate that model selection is critically dependent on the specific hydrological variable of interest. The CRL and CRTF models reliably capture soil-moisture distribution and lateral mass exchange, whereas the DPM adequately estimates the total outflux. Notably, the CRTF model consistently yields the most accurate predictions for bottom outflux and velocity, values ranging from 0.1 to 1 mm/s, which closely align with observed field data. Although its performance reduces in scenarios characterized by poorly connected macropores that impede mass exchange. The SPM exhibits low performance in S-4 (related to shape and curvature) with an average deviation of 75–80 % between CRL and SPM. This study highlights the critical need for careful model selection based on the specific structural features of macropore networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105142
H. Gao , N.K. Karadimitriou , D. Zhou , M. Fazio , H. Steeb , A.B. Tatomir , M. Sauter
Nonequilibrium partitioning caused by heterogeneous aquifers with complex non-aqueous phase entrapment configurations and high residual saturations can lead to inaccurate saturation estimates using a partitioning tracer test. This has been extensively investigated at the mesoscale or field scale. However, at a small scale (centimetres), the nonequilibrium partitioning can also be triggered by varying the local Péclet number even in homogeneous porous media. The effects of the nonequilibrium partitioning, induced by changes in the Péclet number, on moment and model-based analyses of breakthrough curve data are not yet fully understood. This study employs pore- and continuum-scale numerical simulations to investigate the nonequilibrium partitioning and transport of partitioning tracers at various Péclet numbers, residual saturations, and partitioning coefficients. The results suggest that the moment analysis is more accurate for the tests at small Péclet numbers, large distances between the injection and measurement locations, and small residual saturations. The characteristics of the breakthrough curves for the partitioning tracer strongly depend on the Péclet number. In non-equilibrium conditions, early concentration peaks, representing the fraction of the tracer that travels only in the aqueous phase, are observed. Moreover, the continuum-scale model-based analysis performs well for low partitioning coefficient conditions, with the partitioning mass transfer coefficient being linearly correlated to the Péclet number. In contrast, for high partitioning coefficients, the models are only matched by applying an effective partitioning coefficient, which depends on the residual saturation, the Péclet number, and the actual partitioning coefficient.
{"title":"A pore-scale numerical study of measuring residually trapped CO2 using partitioning tracers","authors":"H. Gao , N.K. Karadimitriou , D. Zhou , M. Fazio , H. Steeb , A.B. Tatomir , M. Sauter","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonequilibrium partitioning caused by heterogeneous aquifers with complex non-aqueous phase entrapment configurations and high residual saturations can lead to inaccurate saturation estimates using a partitioning tracer test. This has been extensively investigated at the mesoscale or field scale. However, at a small scale (centimetres), the nonequilibrium partitioning can also be triggered by varying the local Péclet number even in homogeneous porous media. The effects of the nonequilibrium partitioning, induced by changes in the Péclet number, on moment and model-based analyses of breakthrough curve data are not yet fully understood. This study employs pore- and continuum-scale numerical simulations to investigate the nonequilibrium partitioning and transport of partitioning tracers at various Péclet numbers, residual saturations, and partitioning coefficients. The results suggest that the moment analysis is more accurate for the tests at small Péclet numbers, large distances between the injection and measurement locations, and small residual saturations. The characteristics of the breakthrough curves for the partitioning tracer strongly depend on the Péclet number. In non-equilibrium conditions, early concentration peaks, representing the fraction of the tracer that travels only in the aqueous phase, are observed. Moreover, the continuum-scale model-based analysis performs well for low partitioning coefficient conditions, with the partitioning mass transfer coefficient being linearly correlated to the Péclet number. In contrast, for high partitioning coefficients, the models are only matched by applying an effective partitioning coefficient, which depends on the residual saturation, the Péclet number, and the actual partitioning coefficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a simplified Integrated Asset Model (IAM) specifically designed to address critical challenges in water management within hydrocarbon production systems, particularly the dynamic interaction between gas production and aquifer water influx. By focusing on the mechanisms that lead to liquid loading, often triggered by encroaching formation water, the model offers a novel approach to managing subsurface multiphase flow. The IAM integrates key components of inflow performance (IPR), tubing performance (TPR), aquifer and material balance equations within a pseudo-transient framework to simulate the well’s response to water-induced liquid accumulation. An advanced mechanistic multiphase wellbore model monitors important parameters such as liquid holdup, mixture density, flow regime transitions, and dimensionless Reynolds (Re) and Weber (We) numbers. The pseudo-transient nodal analysis iteratively updates these properties, allowing the model to capture the transient behavior in the presence of aquifer drive. The Firefly metaheuristic algorithm is employed to optimize system performance by identifying the equilibrium point at the bottomhole. The model reveals that slug flow at the bottomhole is a strong indicator of incipient liquid loading, thereby facilitating earlier detection and intervention. This approach enhances both the detection and prediction of liquid loading, improving water control strategies, gas lift planning, and production scheduling. Sensitivity analysis further shows that aquifer volume, compressibility, and productivity index (J) significantly promotes liquid accumulation. By accurately simulating the onset and behavior of liquid loading under aquifer support, this work contributes a valuable tool for proactive water management, optimized deliquification planning, and sustained well productivity in gas fields.
{"title":"A simplified integrated asset model for predicting liquid loading in gas wells with aquifer water influx","authors":"Zakarya Belimane , Mohamed Riad Youcefi , Abderrahmane Benbrik , Ahmed Hadjadj","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a simplified Integrated Asset Model (IAM) specifically designed to address critical challenges in water management within hydrocarbon production systems, particularly the dynamic interaction between gas production and aquifer water influx. By focusing on the mechanisms that lead to liquid loading, often triggered by encroaching formation water, the model offers a novel approach to managing subsurface multiphase flow. The IAM integrates key components of inflow performance (IPR), tubing performance (TPR), aquifer and material balance equations within a pseudo-transient framework to simulate the well’s response to water-induced liquid accumulation. An advanced mechanistic multiphase wellbore model monitors important parameters such as liquid holdup, mixture density, flow regime transitions, and dimensionless Reynolds (Re) and Weber (We) numbers. The pseudo-transient nodal analysis iteratively updates these properties, allowing the model to capture the transient behavior in the presence of aquifer drive. The Firefly metaheuristic algorithm is employed to optimize system performance by identifying the equilibrium point at the bottomhole. The model reveals that slug flow at the bottomhole is a strong indicator of incipient liquid loading, thereby facilitating earlier detection and intervention. This approach enhances both the detection and prediction of liquid loading, improving water control strategies, gas lift planning, and production scheduling. Sensitivity analysis further shows that aquifer volume, compressibility, and productivity index (J) significantly promotes liquid accumulation. By accurately simulating the onset and behavior of liquid loading under aquifer support, this work contributes a valuable tool for proactive water management, optimized deliquification planning, and sustained well productivity in gas fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In study, effect of porous groins on flow hydrodynamics in a meandering compound channel was experimentally investigated. Porous groins constructed from gravel materials with porosity levels of 20 %, 40 % and 60 % were evaluated. A three-dimensional acoustic velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the velocity components in (x, y, and z) directions at 45,000 points for three porous groins. The findings indicated that the structural porosity plays a key role in governing flow stability and stress distribution, making it a critical factor in the efficient design of flood control and sediment transport structures. Changes in the porosity of groins not only affect the magnitude of hydrodynamic parameters such as kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds shear stress (RSS) and secondary flow power (S.F.P), but also play a significant role in altering the spatial distribution patterns of these parameters. The results showed that the maximum S.F.P, , , and at 20 % porosity were 15.8 %, 41 %, 17.39 %, 40 % and 30 % higher than those observed at porous groins of 40 %, respectively. In addition, they were and 37.5 %, 85 %, 35 %, 250 % and 73.33 % higher than those observed at porous groins of 60 %, respectively. The results of Reynolds shear stress for three groins showed that the maximum shear stress in groin with 60 % porosity is 66.67 % and 75 % higher than those with 40 % and 20 % porosities, respectively. Understanding the impact of porous groins on the complex hydrodynamics of flood flows in meandering compound channel is a crucial step towards developing effective strategies for erosion control, optimal flood management, and maintaining the stability of hydraulic structures under natural and extreme conditions.
{"title":"Experimental assessment of the effect of porous groin on flow hydrodynamics in a meandering compound channel","authors":"Hosna Shafaei , Kazem Esmaili , AliAsghar Beheshti","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In study, effect of porous groins on flow hydrodynamics in a meandering compound channel was experimentally investigated. Porous groins constructed from gravel materials with porosity levels of 20 %, 40 % and 60 % were evaluated. A three-dimensional acoustic velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the velocity components in (x, y, and z) directions at 45,000 points for three porous groins. The findings indicated that the structural porosity plays a key role in governing flow stability and stress distribution, making it a critical factor in the efficient design of flood control and sediment transport structures. Changes in the porosity of groins not only affect the magnitude of hydrodynamic parameters such as kinetic energy (TKE), Reynolds shear stress (RSS) and secondary flow power (S.F.P), but also play a significant role in altering the spatial distribution patterns of these parameters. The results showed that the maximum S.F.P, <span><math><mrow><mi>T</mi><mi>K</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mi>U</mi><mn>0</mn><mn>2</mn></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>u</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>v</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>w</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> at 20 % porosity were 15.8 %, 41 %, 17.39 %, 40 % and 30 % higher than those observed at porous groins of 40 %, respectively. In addition, they were and 37.5 %, 85 %, 35 %, 250 % and 73.33 % higher than those observed at porous groins of 60 %, respectively. The results of Reynolds shear stress for three groins showed that the maximum shear stress in groin with 60 % porosity is 66.67 % and 75 % higher than those with 40 % and 20 % porosities, respectively. Understanding the impact of porous groins on the complex hydrodynamics of flood flows in meandering compound channel is a crucial step towards developing effective strategies for erosion control, optimal flood management, and maintaining the stability of hydraulic structures under natural and extreme conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105138
Bowen Shi , Jianqi Rong , Han Jiang , Bo Guo , S. Majid Hassanizadeh , Chao-Zhong Qin
Many subsurface formations and reservoirs exhibit multiscale and heterogeneous pore structures, such as soils, carbonate rocks, shales and tight sandstones. Understanding and predicting their two-phase flow properties are crucial to underground applications including contamination remediation, oil and gas recovery, and geological storage of carbon dioxide. For a multiscale digital rock, pores with a wide pore-size distribution spanning several orders of magnitude cannot be visualized in one image, due to the trade-off between image resolution and field of view. However, a large number of unresolved pores (i.e. microporosity) can challenge the modeling of flow and transport. We develop an efficient pore-network-continuum model (PNCM) for quasi-static two-phase flow in multiscale digital rocks. The resolved pores and microporosity are represented by a pore network and continuum grids, respectively. Instead of costly CT-based characterization, we propose to use the bimodal van Genuchten model of mercury intrusion capillary pressure to infer the pore-size distribution of heterogeneous microporosity. The PNCM is applied to a laminated sandstone with synthesized homogeneous microporosity and an Estaillades carbonate rock with heterogeneous microporosity. Both single-phase and two-phase flow properties including absolute permeability, formation factor, resistivity index, capillary pressure, and relative permeability are predicted and compared with experimental data. The good agreement demonstrates the robustness and reliability of the developed PNCM. Using the case studies, we illustrate how microporosity influences and determines two-phase flow properties.
{"title":"The pore-network-continuum modeling of two-phase flow properties for multiscale digital rocks","authors":"Bowen Shi , Jianqi Rong , Han Jiang , Bo Guo , S. Majid Hassanizadeh , Chao-Zhong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many subsurface formations and reservoirs exhibit multiscale and heterogeneous pore structures, such as soils, carbonate rocks, shales and tight sandstones. Understanding and predicting their two-phase flow properties are crucial to underground applications including contamination remediation, oil and gas recovery, and geological storage of carbon dioxide. For a multiscale digital rock, pores with a wide pore-size distribution spanning several orders of magnitude cannot be visualized in one image, due to the trade-off between image resolution and field of view. However, a large number of unresolved pores (i.e. microporosity) can challenge the modeling of flow and transport. We develop an efficient pore-network-continuum model (PNCM) for quasi-static two-phase flow in multiscale digital rocks. The resolved pores and microporosity are represented by a pore network and continuum grids, respectively. Instead of costly CT-based characterization, we propose to use the bimodal van Genuchten model of mercury intrusion capillary pressure to infer the pore-size distribution of heterogeneous microporosity. The PNCM is applied to a laminated sandstone with synthesized homogeneous microporosity and an Estaillades carbonate rock with heterogeneous microporosity. Both single-phase and two-phase flow properties including absolute permeability, formation factor, resistivity index, capillary pressure, and relative permeability are predicted and compared with experimental data. The good agreement demonstrates the robustness and reliability of the developed PNCM. Using the case studies, we illustrate how microporosity influences and determines two-phase flow properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105135
Amanda Tritinger , Sydney Crisanti , Steven P. Bailey , Jacob F. Berkowitz , Elizabeth S. Godsey , Burton C. Suedel , Jeffrey K. King
Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer an innovative approach to reducing risks from natural hazards, aligning ecological processes with engineering objectives. However, successfully scaling NbS from site-specific interventions to systems-level applications remains a challenge. This paper examines an Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) case study to explore how NbS can be integrated into broader, systems-based engineering practices, demonstrating the transition from conceptual design to wide-scale, regional implementation.
One such case study is Deer Island, located off the coast of Mississippi, USA, where EWN approaches stabilized shorelines and restored critical habitats. The project utilized natural sediment transport processes to rebuild marsh and dune systems, enhancing the island's resilience to storm surges and erosion. Through careful integration of natural and engineered systems, Deer Island serves as a model for how NbS can mitigate risks at both local and regional scales, increasing the ability to recover from a natural disaster and overall ecological health. In particular, the case study highlights the benefit of designing for multiple integrated ecosystem components to deliver a diverse array of ecological functions, goods, and services.
The paper further underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, highlighting the role of landscape architects in creating multifunctional designs that incorporate natural features and processes. These designs enhance ecosystem services while addressing societal needs, providing a blueprint for how when combined landscape architecture, science, and engineering can synergize in NbS projects. By synthesizing lessons from the EWN and emphasizing the need for cross-sector collaboration, this paper outlines pathways to scale NbS from localized efforts to comprehensive strategies that reduce coastal storm risk.
{"title":"Upscaling nature-based solutions for reducing risk from natural hazards: From process to practice","authors":"Amanda Tritinger , Sydney Crisanti , Steven P. Bailey , Jacob F. Berkowitz , Elizabeth S. Godsey , Burton C. Suedel , Jeffrey K. King","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2025.105135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer an innovative approach to reducing risks from natural hazards, aligning ecological processes with engineering objectives. However, successfully scaling NbS from site-specific interventions to systems-level applications remains a challenge. This paper examines an Engineering With Nature® (EWN®) case study to explore how NbS can be integrated into broader, systems-based engineering practices, demonstrating the transition from conceptual design to wide-scale, regional implementation.</div><div>One such case study is Deer Island, located off the coast of Mississippi, USA, where EWN approaches stabilized shorelines and restored critical habitats. The project utilized natural sediment transport processes to rebuild marsh and dune systems, enhancing the island's resilience to storm surges and erosion. Through careful integration of natural and engineered systems, Deer Island serves as a model for how NbS can mitigate risks at both local and regional scales, increasing the ability to recover from a natural disaster and overall ecological health. In particular, the case study highlights the benefit of designing for multiple integrated ecosystem components to deliver a diverse array of ecological functions, goods, and services.</div><div>The paper further underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, highlighting the role of landscape architects in creating multifunctional designs that incorporate natural features and processes. These designs enhance ecosystem services while addressing societal needs, providing a blueprint for how when combined landscape architecture, science, and engineering can synergize in NbS projects. By synthesizing lessons from the EWN and emphasizing the need for cross-sector collaboration, this paper outlines pathways to scale NbS from localized efforts to comprehensive strategies that reduce coastal storm risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7614,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Water Resources","volume":"206 ","pages":"Article 105135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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