R. B. Kabir, R. Zaman, N. E. J. Tania, Asaduzzaman Md., A. Haque, F. B. Habib, N. N. Tanni, M. Nesa, A. Chowdhury, Rahman F. Md., A. Sarker, K. Halder, N. Sharmin, M. Chowdhury, S. S. Nahar, M. Rahman, S. B. Shahid, S. M. Shamsuzzaman
Fresh fruits are popular sources of healthy diets with low energy density. Since they are consumed raw, it may act as a source of foodborne disease and a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant organisms. This study aimed to determine microbial prevalence among the fruits sold around hospital along with antimicrobial profiles. Thirty-five different types of fruits were bought from around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) and analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity, detection of ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase, and MBL positive strains were done by standard methods followed by PCR to detect ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL genes. Twenty-seven different organisms were isolated: Klebsiella spp. (33.33%), Citrobacter spp. (29.64%), Enterobacter spp. (22.22%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.70%). Among them, 48.15% were resistant to different antibiotics. Only one organism (Citrobacter spp.) produced ESBL phenotypically (7.69%). Two (15.38%) were positive for AmpC β-lactamase and one of these (Enterobacter spp.) possessed SHV and CTX-M15A genes by PCR. Imipenem resistance was 84.62% of the antibiotic-resistant organisms and 10 (90.91%) were phenotypically MBL positive. By PCR, one Enterobacter spp. had MBL encoding gene OXA-48. Fresh fruits, contaminated with pathogens, might be a source of resistant organisms' transmission and contribute to public health issues. Key words: Antibiogram, bacteria, Bangladesh, fresh fruits, fruit venders around hospital.
{"title":"Bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of the fresh fruits sold around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and their anti-microbial profiles","authors":"R. B. Kabir, R. Zaman, N. E. J. Tania, Asaduzzaman Md., A. Haque, F. B. Habib, N. N. Tanni, M. Nesa, A. Chowdhury, Rahman F. Md., A. Sarker, K. Halder, N. Sharmin, M. Chowdhury, S. S. Nahar, M. Rahman, S. B. Shahid, S. M. Shamsuzzaman","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9666","url":null,"abstract":"Fresh fruits are popular sources of healthy diets with low energy density. Since they are consumed raw, it may act as a source of foodborne disease and a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant organisms. This study aimed to determine microbial prevalence among the fruits sold around hospital along with antimicrobial profiles. Thirty-five different types of fruits were bought from around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) and analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity, detection of ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase, and MBL positive strains were done by standard methods followed by PCR to detect ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL genes. Twenty-seven different organisms were isolated: Klebsiella spp. (33.33%), Citrobacter spp. (29.64%), Enterobacter spp. (22.22%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.70%). Among them, 48.15% were resistant to different antibiotics. Only one organism (Citrobacter spp.) produced ESBL phenotypically (7.69%). Two (15.38%) were positive for AmpC β-lactamase and one of these (Enterobacter spp.) possessed SHV and CTX-M15A genes by PCR. Imipenem resistance was 84.62% of the antibiotic-resistant organisms and 10 (90.91%) were phenotypically MBL positive. By PCR, one Enterobacter spp. had MBL encoding gene OXA-48. Fresh fruits, contaminated with pathogens, might be a source of resistant organisms' transmission and contribute to public health issues. Key words: Antibiogram, bacteria, Bangladesh, fresh fruits, fruit venders around hospital.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135396257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Rafaramalala, A. Andrianarivelo, A. Ratsimbazafy, L. Randriamampionona, R. Randriamboavonjy, Z. Randriamanantany, A. Rasamindrakotroka
.
{"title":"Evaluation of diagnostic tests for plague in Madagascar","authors":"S. S. Rafaramalala, A. Andrianarivelo, A. Ratsimbazafy, L. Randriamampionona, R. Randriamboavonjy, Z. Randriamanantany, A. Rasamindrakotroka","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9571","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ouédraogo, A. Zouré, T. Sagna, S. Soubeiga, T. Compaore, D. Zingué, Sylvie Zida, Charlemagne Dabiré, Alidou Kagambega, C. Sawadogo, Zakaria Yabre, L. Sangaré
{"title":"Performance of the PanbioTM COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test in a health care setting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"H. Ouédraogo, A. Zouré, T. Sagna, S. Soubeiga, T. Compaore, D. Zingué, Sylvie Zida, Charlemagne Dabiré, Alidou Kagambega, C. Sawadogo, Zakaria Yabre, L. Sangaré","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9651","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47559134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. T. Duguma, Meseret Azene, Gebrmedhin Chameno, Meseret T. Haile
Moringa stenopetala is a multipurpose tree with considerable economic and social potential as it has vital nutritional, industrial, and medicinal applications. The study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of M. stenopetala seed oil against pathogenic microorganisms. M. Stenopetala seeds were collected from three locations (Damba Gofa, Shelle, and Konso) and extracted using two different solvents (hexane and petroleum ether). Pathogenic microorganisms: bacteria (gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative Escherichia coli ) and the fungal strains ( Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans ) were used in this study. Standard procedures were followed to determine antimicrobial activities of M. stenopetala extract against pathogenic microorganisms. The result revealed that M. stenopetala seed extract has shown inhibitory activity against T. mentagrophytes fungi at the concentration ≥ 12.5 % at all locations and both extraction solvents used. However, the extract did not show any inhibitory activity against tested bacteria and C. albicans fungi. The finding indicated that M. stenopetala seed could be used as an alternative to chemical fungicide to control T. mentagrophytes fungi. Further investigation is needed on the identification of compounds that inhibits the pathogenic microorganism.
{"title":"Antimicrobial properties of Moringa Stenopetala seed oil","authors":"H. T. Duguma, Meseret Azene, Gebrmedhin Chameno, Meseret T. Haile","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9660","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa stenopetala is a multipurpose tree with considerable economic and social potential as it has vital nutritional, industrial, and medicinal applications. The study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of M. stenopetala seed oil against pathogenic microorganisms. M. Stenopetala seeds were collected from three locations (Damba Gofa, Shelle, and Konso) and extracted using two different solvents (hexane and petroleum ether). Pathogenic microorganisms: bacteria (gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus, and gram-negative Escherichia coli ) and the fungal strains ( Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans ) were used in this study. Standard procedures were followed to determine antimicrobial activities of M. stenopetala extract against pathogenic microorganisms. The result revealed that M. stenopetala seed extract has shown inhibitory activity against T. mentagrophytes fungi at the concentration ≥ 12.5 % at all locations and both extraction solvents used. However, the extract did not show any inhibitory activity against tested bacteria and C. albicans fungi. The finding indicated that M. stenopetala seed could be used as an alternative to chemical fungicide to control T. mentagrophytes fungi. Further investigation is needed on the identification of compounds that inhibits the pathogenic microorganism.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. N. Bongani, M. A. Elijah, M. Diana, N. W. Harrison
Sugarcane smut is caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. It is a disease of economic importance in the sugarcane industry because it can cause losses that can lead to total crop failure. Bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles have been found to possess antimicrobial properties, yet they have not been explored against S. scitamineum. Optimization of the mixtures using ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed peaks in the range of 340 to 400 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified proteins as essential capping agents, and reducing sugars were responsible for reducing the silver nitrate to nanoparticles and stabilizing the nanoparticles. They have the highest antifungal activity at 5 mg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were 0.078 mg/ml. The in-vivo assays showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction of the pathogen biomass in plants treated with the nanoparticles compared to the control plants. The application of 0.0585 mg/ml of the nanoparticles to the S. scitamineum resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of the bE and bW genes. Silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using C. spinarum crude extract inhibited the growth of S. scitamineum both in-vitro and in-vivo and had a regulatory effect on the expression of the pathogenicity genes in the fungus.
{"title":"Regulation of the bE and bW genes in Sporisorium scitamineum using silver nanoparticles synthesized with Carissa spinarum extract","authors":"Z. N. Bongani, M. A. Elijah, M. Diana, N. W. Harrison","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9661","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane smut is caused by the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum. It is a disease of economic importance in the sugarcane industry because it can cause losses that can lead to total crop failure. Bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles have been found to possess antimicrobial properties, yet they have not been explored against S. scitamineum. Optimization of the mixtures using ultraviolet-visual spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed peaks in the range of 340 to 400 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified proteins as essential capping agents, and reducing sugars were responsible for reducing the silver nitrate to nanoparticles and stabilizing the nanoparticles. They have the highest antifungal activity at 5 mg/ml, while the minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations were 0.078 mg/ml. The in-vivo assays showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction of the pathogen biomass in plants treated with the nanoparticles compared to the control plants. The application of 0.0585 mg/ml of the nanoparticles to the S. scitamineum resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in the expression of the bE and bW genes. Silver nanoparticles that were synthesized using C. spinarum crude extract inhibited the growth of S. scitamineum both in-vitro and in-vivo and had a regulatory effect on the expression of the pathogenicity genes in the fungus.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49047046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ajao, A. M. Nwose, C. T. Olateru, D. Onifade, A. Abdulfatai, O. O. Bolarinwa, Y. M. Morakinyo
This study was conducted to examine microbiological quality and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogen of ready to eat sliced pineapple and water melon. Pineapples and water melon were purchased from three different vendors in Sango, University of Ibadan and Apete markets. Isolation and identification of pathogens were carried out using culture dependent method, morphological and biochemical characterization, respectively. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Results showed that all samples were contaminated. Lactobacillus species had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (35%), while Proteus , Pseudomonas, Shigella and Salmonella species had the least (5%). Multiple drug resistances were observed among the isolates when subjected to Ampicillin, Ceftazidine, Cefuroxine, and Augumentin. Despite the dominance of Lactobacillus spp. in this study, the presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter species together with their multiple drug resistance call for public health attention. Quality of vended fruits will be better assured if there are improved hygienic practices and awareness among fruit vendors as well as the consumers. There is need to monitor the spread of multiple drug resistant antimicrobial pathogens in vended fruits to avoid outbreaks.
{"title":"Microbiology spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogen from ready-to-eat sliced pineapple and water melon","authors":"O. Ajao, A. M. Nwose, C. T. Olateru, D. Onifade, A. Abdulfatai, O. O. Bolarinwa, Y. M. Morakinyo","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9483","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine microbiological quality and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogen of ready to eat sliced pineapple and water melon. Pineapples and water melon were purchased from three different vendors in Sango, University of Ibadan and Apete markets. Isolation and identification of pathogens were carried out using culture dependent method, morphological and biochemical characterization, respectively. Bacterial isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Results showed that all samples were contaminated. Lactobacillus species had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence (35%), while Proteus , Pseudomonas, Shigella and Salmonella species had the least (5%). Multiple drug resistances were observed among the isolates when subjected to Ampicillin, Ceftazidine, Cefuroxine, and Augumentin. Despite the dominance of Lactobacillus spp. in this study, the presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter species together with their multiple drug resistance call for public health attention. Quality of vended fruits will be better assured if there are improved hygienic practices and awareness among fruit vendors as well as the consumers. There is need to monitor the spread of multiple drug resistant antimicrobial pathogens in vended fruits to avoid outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44251829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Ouattara, Zakaria Dindane, Ignace Sawadogo, W. R. Soala, P. E. Zida, K. Konaté, C. Zongo, A. Savadogo, C. H. R. Nebie
Fungi and their toxins have an impact on the hygienic standards and market value of corn ( Zea Mayas L.) in Burkina Faso. Though effective, other pesticides have been shown to be harmful. This study aims to aid in the management of corn diseases by assessing the effectiveness of bio-fungicide formulations. In this study, the blotter method was used to assess the antifungal activity at doses of 0.5% (5 g/kg) and 1% (10 g/kg) of powdered formulations of Cymbopogon giganteus (F1) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (F2) essential oils on the fungal flora of a corn sample. Untreated controls were also observed. The results of this study demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , which could produce aflatoxin, were more susceptible to the 0.5% dose at F1 than at F2. Though Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. were resistant to 0.5% of F1 and 0.5% of F2, while Fusarium sp. was resistant to 0.5% of F1. All of the above fungi were vulnerable to 1% of F1 and F2. Therefore, these two formulations could be utilized successfully to combat the decline in the hygienic, nutritional, and market value of corn in Burkina Faso caused by aflatoxin contamination and other toxins produced by these fungi. However, it would be important to evaluate the synergistic effect of these biofungicide formulations in situ and on a large scale.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of essential oil-based formulations used in corn preservation in Burkina Faso","authors":"L. Ouattara, Zakaria Dindane, Ignace Sawadogo, W. R. Soala, P. E. Zida, K. Konaté, C. Zongo, A. Savadogo, C. H. R. Nebie","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9662","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi and their toxins have an impact on the hygienic standards and market value of corn ( Zea Mayas L.) in Burkina Faso. Though effective, other pesticides have been shown to be harmful. This study aims to aid in the management of corn diseases by assessing the effectiveness of bio-fungicide formulations. In this study, the blotter method was used to assess the antifungal activity at doses of 0.5% (5 g/kg) and 1% (10 g/kg) of powdered formulations of Cymbopogon giganteus (F1) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (F2) essential oils on the fungal flora of a corn sample. Untreated controls were also observed. The results of this study demonstrated that Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus , which could produce aflatoxin, were more susceptible to the 0.5% dose at F1 than at F2. Though Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. were resistant to 0.5% of F1 and 0.5% of F2, while Fusarium sp. was resistant to 0.5% of F1. All of the above fungi were vulnerable to 1% of F1 and F2. Therefore, these two formulations could be utilized successfully to combat the decline in the hygienic, nutritional, and market value of corn in Burkina Faso caused by aflatoxin contamination and other toxins produced by these fungi. However, it would be important to evaluate the synergistic effect of these biofungicide formulations in situ and on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41541768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olajumoke Abimbola, Dorcas Alade, Moses Adegoke, A. Odebode, A. Sobowale
The effect of 3 organic soil amendments viz., cassava peel ( Manihot esculenta , Cranz), sawdust ( Gmelina arborea , Roxb) and leaves of ( Cedrela odorata , L) on the stalk rot of maize ( Zea mays L.) caused by Fusarium verticillioides was investigated. Fourteen treatments made up of single or combined treatments with pathogenic or non-pathogenic inoculation of concentrations 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3 were added to 15.8 g sterilized soil. Growth parameters data on leaf numbers, stem girth, plant height and leaf area were collected biweekly. All treatments had significant effects on plant heights, number of leaves, leaves areas, stems girths and on disease indices and disease severities of the treated plants compared to controls. Concentration 2 (2:2) had the highest effect on all the growth parameters considered and gave the lowest disease index (P= 0.05, R 2 = 0.98) and disease severity (P= 0.05, R 2 = 0.92) in the treated plants. Plants treated with cassava peels combined with C odorata had significantly lowest disease index and severity thus, competing favourably with F verticillioides . Severity of stalk rot of maize can reduce significantly in amended soils compared to unamended soils.
{"title":"The effect of organic soil amendments on stalk rot of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides","authors":"Olajumoke Abimbola, Dorcas Alade, Moses Adegoke, A. Odebode, A. Sobowale","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9630","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of 3 organic soil amendments viz., cassava peel ( Manihot esculenta , Cranz), sawdust ( Gmelina arborea , Roxb) and leaves of ( Cedrela odorata , L) on the stalk rot of maize ( Zea mays L.) caused by Fusarium verticillioides was investigated. Fourteen treatments made up of single or combined treatments with pathogenic or non-pathogenic inoculation of concentrations 3:1, 2:2 and 1:3 were added to 15.8 g sterilized soil. Growth parameters data on leaf numbers, stem girth, plant height and leaf area were collected biweekly. All treatments had significant effects on plant heights, number of leaves, leaves areas, stems girths and on disease indices and disease severities of the treated plants compared to controls. Concentration 2 (2:2) had the highest effect on all the growth parameters considered and gave the lowest disease index (P= 0.05, R 2 = 0.98) and disease severity (P= 0.05, R 2 = 0.92) in the treated plants. Plants treated with cassava peels combined with C odorata had significantly lowest disease index and severity thus, competing favourably with F verticillioides . Severity of stalk rot of maize can reduce significantly in amended soils compared to unamended soils.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48992915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Atuhaire, Anzerea Joan Nabasumba, Edson Ireeta Munanura, N. Anyama, Paul Rubayiza, Bruhan Kaggwa, Margaret Ndagire, Henry Kyeyune
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia. In children, 22% of the deaths are due to pneumonia as the single leading cause of death. The local people in Uganda use herbs like Curcuma longa Linnaeus and Garcinia buchananii Baker to manage upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The ethanolic extracts of the C. longa rhizome and G. buchananii stem bark have individually demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Crude extracts of C. longa rhizome powder and G. buchananii fresh back were obtained through maceration using ethanol. In vitro disc diffusion method and serial dilution method were used to determine antibacterial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively of the plant extracts against S. pneumoniae . Both ethanolic extracts of C. longa rhizome and G. buchananii stem bark individually showed activity against S. pneumoniae and this antibacterial effect was largely dose-dependent. However, ceftriaxone had superior antibacterial activity (p< 0.0001) than all the individual extracts and combinations. The MICs of C. longa and G. buchananii ethanolic extracts were 3.125 and 1.5625 mg/mL, respectively. The 50:50 C. longa - G. buchananii combination showed superior activity compared to other combinations, though it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was 11.68. This study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of both the rhizome of C. longa and the stem bark of G. buchananii , when used singly and in combination, demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae. However, the combination of the ethanolic extracts of these two plants demonstrates antagonistic activity.
{"title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of mixed Garcinia buchananii B. and Curcuma longa L. ethanolic extracts against Streptococcus pneumoniae","authors":"J. Atuhaire, Anzerea Joan Nabasumba, Edson Ireeta Munanura, N. Anyama, Paul Rubayiza, Bruhan Kaggwa, Margaret Ndagire, Henry Kyeyune","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2021.9555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2021.9555","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia. In children, 22% of the deaths are due to pneumonia as the single leading cause of death. The local people in Uganda use herbs like Curcuma longa Linnaeus and Garcinia buchananii Baker to manage upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The ethanolic extracts of the C. longa rhizome and G. buchananii stem bark have individually demonstrated antimicrobial activity against bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Crude extracts of C. longa rhizome powder and G. buchananii fresh back were obtained through maceration using ethanol. In vitro disc diffusion method and serial dilution method were used to determine antibacterial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), respectively of the plant extracts against S. pneumoniae . Both ethanolic extracts of C. longa rhizome and G. buchananii stem bark individually showed activity against S. pneumoniae and this antibacterial effect was largely dose-dependent. However, ceftriaxone had superior antibacterial activity (p< 0.0001) than all the individual extracts and combinations. The MICs of C. longa and G. buchananii ethanolic extracts were 3.125 and 1.5625 mg/mL, respectively. The 50:50 C. longa - G. buchananii combination showed superior activity compared to other combinations, though it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was 11.68. This study concluded that the ethanolic extracts of both the rhizome of C. longa and the stem bark of G. buchananii , when used singly and in combination, demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. pneumoniae. However, the combination of the ethanolic extracts of these two plants demonstrates antagonistic activity.","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics are the most successful form of therapeutics developed for the treatment of disease caused by bacteria. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Escherichia coli and multidrug resistant pattern from environmental sources in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Forty samples were collected from environmental sources including poultry litter, soil, waste water and cloaca. All samples were inoculated onto prepared Eosin Methylene blue plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Colonies were sub cultured onto sterile nutrient agar plates. Pure isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out on identified E. coli. The study showed that from the samples poultry had 15 (37.5%) E. coli , soil 11 (27.5%), waste water 9 (22.5%) and cloaca 5 (12.5%) E. coli . However, the highest number of E-coli was observed in poultry source and least in cloaca. The results also revealed that the number of E. coli from poultry were 7 (46.7%), 5 (33.3%), 2 (13.3%) and 1 (6.7%), soil 6 (54.5%), 1 (9.1%), 3 (27.3%) and 1 (9.1%), waste water 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%) and 1 (11.1%) and cloaca 2 (40.0%) and 3 (60.0%), respectively. E.-coli were susceptible and resistant to classes of antibiotic including Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Cefxime, Ofloxacin, Augmentin, Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin. Hence, the study s amongst others that to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant strains in E-coli , rational use of antibiotics and regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns are essential and mandatory
{"title":"Antibiogram and multidrug resistant pattern of Escherichia coli from environmental sources in Port Harcourt","authors":"O. E. Agbagwa, C. M. Chinwi, S. J. Horsfall","doi":"10.5897/ajmr2022.9633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2022.9633","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are the most successful form of therapeutics developed for the treatment of disease caused by bacteria. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Escherichia coli and multidrug resistant pattern from environmental sources in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Forty samples were collected from environmental sources including poultry litter, soil, waste water and cloaca. All samples were inoculated onto prepared Eosin Methylene blue plates and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Colonies were sub cultured onto sterile nutrient agar plates. Pure isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out on identified E. coli. The study showed that from the samples poultry had 15 (37.5%) E. coli , soil 11 (27.5%), waste water 9 (22.5%) and cloaca 5 (12.5%) E. coli . However, the highest number of E-coli was observed in poultry source and least in cloaca. The results also revealed that the number of E. coli from poultry were 7 (46.7%), 5 (33.3%), 2 (13.3%) and 1 (6.7%), soil 6 (54.5%), 1 (9.1%), 3 (27.3%) and 1 (9.1%), waste water 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%), 2 (22.2%) and 1 (11.1%) and cloaca 2 (40.0%) and 3 (60.0%), respectively. E.-coli were susceptible and resistant to classes of antibiotic including Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Gentamicin, Cefxime, Ofloxacin, Augmentin, Nitrofurantoin and Ciprofloxacin. Hence, the study s amongst others that to prevent further emergence and spread of resistant strains in E-coli , rational use of antibiotics and regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns are essential and mandatory","PeriodicalId":7617,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Microbiology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43482196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：