Problemy medycyny wieku rozwojowego最新文献

In the first description of transfer factor in 1955, Lawrence defined it as "the active principle in viable leukocytes, leukocyte extracts and leukocyte dialysates obtained from immune human donors which has the capacity to transfer cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in vivo to nonimmune recipients". The dialysates are reported to contain a number of antigen-independent activities affecting monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. In some cases these "nonspecific" activities separate out with the fraction causing skin test conversion, but it has not been shown that the same molecule is responsible for both effects. Chemical structure of transfer factor (TF) has not been defined, yet. Its m.w. is 2000-3500. TF has been used to treat a wide range of clinical disorders, including immunodeficiency diseases, neoplasms, chronic fungal, viral and bacterial infections with varying degrees of reported success. The reports on the efficacy of TF in the prevention of varicella in childhood leukemia evoked renewed interest in possible clinical applications of this leukocyte derived material. There is no convenient animal in vivo model of TF activity investigations, and there is no sensitive and reproducible in vitro assay in regard to its activity and specificity. In presented paper the passive transfer of DTH to tuberculin in guinea pigs was reported, both by intact lymphocytes as well as by its crude homogenate. Sephadex column fractionation of crude leukocyte extract have been done. Attempts to define the in vitro activity of leukocyte extract as well as its fractions by leukocyte migration inhibition test have been made.

Serial electroencephalographic (EEG) records were registered in 63 children (38 boys and 25 girls) at the age between 1 month to 7 years in 1981-1987. Examinations were done while awake and during spontaneous sleep. Evaluation was performed in relation to the age and physiological status during examination. Three hundred ninety two EEGs recorded. The following types were found in the initial EEG records in 63 children: 1-normal, 29-hypo-arrythmic, 16 with generalized paroxysmal abnormalities, 12 with localized abnormalities, and 4 with generalized abnormalities. Table 1--illustrates types of the disorders in initial EEG records. Table 2--evolution of the disorders. Table 3--evolution of the disorders in EEG records in relation to the clinical data. Evaluated data concerning types of EEG records, their evolution during observation, as well as their correlation with some clinical data showed: the most significant relation between types of the initial EEG records and clinical data--occurrence of other types of seizures before infantile spasms, abnormal neurological status and delayed psychomotor development--in relation to hypo-arrythmic records was found. The most significant tendency towards normalization of the initial EEG records was found in relation to generalized paroxysmal abnormalities whereas the least significant tendency was found in relation to initial EEG records with localized abnormalities, and less significant with hypo-arrythmic, normalization of EEG records is most significantly related to: disappearance of infantile spasms and occurrence of this type of seizures as the only spasms, less frequent neurological abnormalities and also delayed psychomotor development.

Histologic material included 90 placentas of normal pregnancy and 36 of preterm deliveries. The particular attention was paid to mast cells in connective tissue of placental villi. Samples were fixed in 4% acid formaline and stained both with acridine organ and routine technique. Mast cells were found adjacent chorionic vessels in placentas delivered at term. The same feature was observed in preterm delivered placentas.

Forty nine patients with carcinoma of the uterine body were examined. Four hundred ninety one normal females served as controls. The risk factors included: age over 30, premenstrual tension syndrome and postmenopausal uterine bleeding, advanced age at first pregnancy, infertility, hormonal treatment, mammary gland disorders, irregular prophylactic follow-up.

Intraventricular drug administration via the IR is often used in the therapy of leukemic and carcinomatous meningitis. We reviewed our 10-year experience with 32 patients, with IR placed for intraventricular chemotherapy to characterize infectious complications associated with IR. Infectious complications occurred in 9 patients (27.1%). Local cellulitis (S. aureus) occurred at the site of IR in 2 patients. Seven patients (21.8%) had 12 episodes of bacteriologically proven or clinically suspected meningitis, or positive IR CSF cultures without symptoms (4-P. acnes). While patients with local infection may require IR removal, more than half of those with meningitis may be treated with antibiotics alone without IR removal. Patients with positive cultures in the absence of symptoms may require no therapy at all.

The concentration of uric acid in a 24-hour urine of 94 healthy children was determined. The concentrations of uric acid and numbers of children of various groups of age are presented in table I and II.

Forty seven cases of Ewing's sarcoma in children are discussed. This group was divided in two subgroups. The first (23 children) included patients treated with radiotherapy and monodrug chemotherapy non systematically--1 patient alive. The second (24 children) included patients treated with multidrug chemotherapy systematically and radiotherapy. Good results of the treatment was obtained in 8 patients from the second group with localised neoplastic disease.

We estimated in vitro degradation and consumption of glycogen by placental tissue derived from pregnancies complicated by gestosis and anemia. Placental tissue was incubated in suitable medium. Glycogen concentration either before or after incubation was assayed. Glycogen consumption was expressed as micromoles of glucose per 1 g of wet tissue, the percentage of glycogen consumption has been shown in tables. It is concluded that in advanced gestosis and severe anemia of pregnancy the consumption of native glycogen is increased, consequently it may lead to metabolic insufficiency of human placenta.

The results of follow-up studies in 323 children, examined by extended health balance method in 1977 and 1981 are prescuted. In repeated examination of 11-year old pupils health status changes during the first years of school were analysed, depending on their school maturity groups in the I examination at the age of 6 years. Increasing number of disorders in children's health status both in the group with full and partial school maturity was observed. The incidence of these disorders, was however significant in the group with partial school maturity.

Liver and ovarian tissue samples of the immature healthy Wistar rats were examined histologically after administration of the repeated low doses of cyclophosphamide. The youngest experimental group was at the age of 7/14 days. Morphologic examination involved histochemical, histoenzymatic, morphometric and ultrastructural techniques. The observed changes in the liver tissue were minimal and totally reversible at time of animals maturity. Pathomorphological changes in ovaries were more evident and complex, concerning all structures of the gland. The dominant features of the damage included the disturbances of the physiological morphological maturation and the widespread hyperluteinization of all structures. In spite of the morphological changes, the activity of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in ovaries remained unchanged.